西方国家概况整理表格

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英语国家概况期末重点（必考） 1 How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ? The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English. 2 What are the two components of the British Parliament ? They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 3 What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements? Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. 4 What are the three functions of the House of Commons ? The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy. 5 What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide ? British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literatuure and science,and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry. 6 How do students in the Open University receive their education ?

英美概况美国部分(修正版)

PART TWO The United States of American 1. Population, race and ethnic groups 人口和种族 1) introduction 概要 ①the third most populous country in the world,with 255.5 million people. ② a nation of immigrants.Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth.There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration ot the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties.The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America. 移民是人口增长的一个主要原因。到目前80%-90%的移民来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。 美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。人口迁徙在美国很普遍。 2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement ①blacks and slavery the largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619. 美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12。1%；1619 年最早的黑人作为奴隶被运至美国。 ②The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln ‘ s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Consititution in 1865.the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s demanded desegregation and equal right. 1863 年林肯总统的《解放宣言》和1865 年的《宪法第13 修正案》使奴隶制度正式瓦解。废除种族隔离和人 权平等导致了1960 年的民权运动。 2. American History 1) The —discovery II of the New World 发现新大陆 ①The ——first America ns II were the In dia ns 最早的美国人是印第安人 ②In the late 15th cen tury, Christopher Columbus, an Italia n n avigator, supported by the Spanish queen, he led his men to sail across the vast ocean in 1492 and reached some small islands in the now west Indies.He thought he had reached Asia and didn ‘ t know he had disvovered a New Continent. 15 世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗.哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下,于1492 年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了现在西印度群岛的一些小岛。他误以为到达了亚洲，并不知道自己已经发现了一个新大陆。 ③Ameriga Vespucci proved that the land was a new continent.Therefore, the land was named America after him. 阿美利歌。韦斯普奇证明了这是新大陆，因此，以他的名字命名。 2) Causes of the colonization of the New World Opportunity was a magic word. ①The new World drew English nobles (who dreamed of getting more land and establish ing great new estates.). ② Drew other people who could not find jobs in En gla nd. ③ Most of all , it drew the poor and the homeless from the farmla nds and villages of Europe. ④ Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom because they had been persecuted in England. 机遇是一个神奇的词。 1 )他吸引了英国的贵族 (那些梦想在荒原上创建庞大的新地产的) 2) 吸引那些在英国无法找到工作的人。3)尤其是吸引了欧洲农场和乡村的穷人和无家可归的 人。4)许多人为寻求宗教自由而在这英国殖民地定居下来，因为他们在英国受到宗教迫害。 3) The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. They were Virginia,