汤姆叔叔的小屋中主要人物的浅析

汤姆叔叔的小屋中主要人物的浅析
汤姆叔叔的小屋中主要人物的浅析

汤姆叔叔的小屋》中主要人物的浅析

[Abstract] The Bible influences western life and culture deeply. Mrs. Stowe (1811—1896)----the author of Novel Uncle Tom?s Cabin is also influenced by it. On the basis of Bible, the author attempts to analyze the backgrounds of times and the purposes she composes it, and analyze several characters, such as Uncle Tom, Little Eva, Eliza and some pious christian mothers. With the analysis of these persons and the comparison with the characters in Bible to reveal the christianity in this n ovel. At last, the author explores Mrs. Stowe?s solution to institution of slavery and the results. However, in her times, her non—resistant policy to topple the slavery fails completely. [Key words] Bible; christianity;personal character

[摘要] 《圣经》对西方生活及文化的影响至深,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的作者斯陀夫人也深受其影响。本文以《圣经》原形以及基督教义精神为基础,先试图分析斯陀夫人所处的时代背景及她创作这部小说的意图,再分析小说中的几类人物形象,如汤姆叔叔、小伊娃、及几位虔诚的基督教徒母亲。通过对这些人物特点的分析,以及所表现的基督精神,揭示这部小说中强烈的宗教理念。

[关键词] 圣经; 基督教; 人物特点

1 Introduction

1.1 Background of the writer

Greek culture and Hebrew culture have great influence on western culture. In Hebrew culture, there is a book named Bible, which is an important literacy work in the world. It is divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. It includes the essence of Hebrew culture. During the eleventh century, Hebrew people become prosperous and dominated a large area. At the same, they spread their culture, so Christianity becomes a powerful and influential religion during. Many famous artists and writers adapted the stories in Bible to compose the immortal works.

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811---1896), a nineteenth century American female writer, was also influenced by the book. Stowe was born into a respectable family that was to become famous: her father Lyman was a clergyman(牧师/教士)who was famous for supporting abolitionism, and ever held the post of director of Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. Her husband Calvin Ellis Stowe was one of the leading professors in the seminary(神学院). Two of her brothers, Henry Ward and

Edward, were celebrated preachers(牧师/传教士). And her older sister—Catherine, she is the pioneer in W omen?s education. The family were all opposing to raising slaves and they were all famous abolitionists[1]

Coming from a family with good Christian tradition, she was deeply influenced by Christianity and became a pious Christian. As her family were all opposing to raising slaves, she was influenced by them and held the anti-slavery belief. She stood up for the belief that slavery should be abolished. Mrs. Stowe believed and loved religion and pays attention to the problems of society and morality. Influenced by Christianity, she held the belief that each man is born to be equal and should enjoy freedom, so she was strongly against slavery, which betrayed the ideas in Christianity. In Christianity, people are equal in soul and should enjoy freedom[2]. She often tried to do something about changing the conditions of slaves. To learn more details about slavery, she even went to the South to see the miserable conditions of slaves with her own eyes. Especially when the enactment(颁布/制定)of the “Fugitive Slave Act”(That allowed owners to pursue and recover their “property” in free states) in 1850. Mrs. Stowe was infuriated(激怒)and influenced by the innumerable anti-slavery events and

persons.[3] Influenced by the idea in Christianity that people are equal in soul and should enjoy freedom and the belief that slavery should be abolished, she decided to compose a novel to lash(鞭打)the slavery. The blending of pious belief in Christianity and abolishing slavery resulted in Uncle Tom?s Cabin.

1.2 The summary of novel

Tom was a slave of Mr. Shelby who was a slaveholder in Kentucky, he sincerely believed in Christianity. Once Mr. Shelby was encumbered by debt, he decided to sell Tom and another female slave and her son. Knowing the news, Eliza and her son ran away immediately but Tom would stay to be sold to Haley-a slaver. As a result, he was sold to New Orleans by Haley.

On board the boat bound for New Orleans, Tom saved the life of young Eva. St. Clare, Eva?s father, purchased Tom with gratitude. In St. Clare?s home, Tom lived a happy life for two years. Eva and he became good friends. But after Eva and her father?s death, Tom?s fate was changed again. He was sent by Eva?s mother to an auction market to sell. Tom was bought by a slaveholder named Legree. Legree was cruel to slaves and addicted to alcohol. At last, when Tom protected two female

slaves from being captured, he was beaten to death viciously by Legree. When he was dying, his former master?s son-George Shelby got the plantation and bought Tom?s body with huge wealth.

At the same time, Eliza and her son met her husband-George Harris, who disguised himself as a Spaniard and brought a gun with himself. He shot a slaver on his way to Canada. At last, he and his family got together in the Canada----a free country.

2. Character Analysis

Mrs. Stowe portrays several vivid characters with distinctive temperament. Among them, there are the white and the black, the nobles and the slaves, the kind and the cruel. In her description of all these characters, we can learn that Mrs. Stowe advocates that people are equal and is against racial discrimination. Some people think that the dark skin of African slaves externally represents negative qualities such as evil or heathenism. However, Mrs. Stowe viewed slaves that evoke these presumptions actually contrasts their internal strength and spirituality. In fact, black men are better than some white slaveholders who have intentional purposes.

Mrs. Stowe herself is deeply influenced by Christianity; she held

the belief that people are born to be equal and should enjoy freedom. So the main characters she portrayed in Uncle Tom?s Cabin are all Christians to different extent. This part of the paper deals with the analysis of perfect Christian, non-perfect Christian and half-Christian in Uncle Tom?s Cabin. From the analysis, we can get a better idea on how Christianity is reflected in the novel.

2.1 Tom

Uncle Tom is an old slave and the protagonist of the novel. His two most prevalent qualities are his inherent goodness and piety. He is a pious Christian and resembles Jesus in many aspects. He consistently forgives the wrongs committed against him and turns to God in time of crisis.

Mrs. Stowe is very successful in portraying Tom as a Christian figure. Let?s compare Tom to Jesus in Bible.

Tom?s experience is quite similar to that of Jesus Christ. First, Tom and Jesus are all sold by the man they are familiar with. Jesus is betrayed by his disciple-Judas,who has the greed for the money; and Tom is sold by his master-Arthur Shelby, who also needs money to repay debts when he suffers the financial difficulties. Second, both Tom and Jesus have strong faith in God and never give up under pressure. When Jesus is near his

death, the soldiers are all speaking sarcastically and crying to him, they shouted,“Hail, king of the Jesus!” [4] And struck him on the face, however, the Governor would not arrest Jesus, but he has no choice but to have Jesus crucified. When Jesus knows he will die, he does not complain only to pray to the God. Tom is in the similar situation, At Legree?s manor, Tom is not willing to sell out his friends, so he meets the brutal treatment. He dose not give up and continues preaching to Qimbo and Sambo. He said, “ Into thy hands I commend my spirit! Thou hast redeemed me, Oh Lord God of truth!” [5] Even if Qimbo and Sambo beat Tom almost to death, he still forgave them and prayed for them. Tom? prayer is answered and his kindheartedness moves Legree?s two ov erseers----Qimbo and Sambo and they would not want to hurt Tom any more, but Legree will not be satisfied until he sees Tom?s death. Although Tom was beaten almost to death, he determined to say nothing. When thundered Legree struck him furiously, Tom answ ered, “I know, Mas?t, but I can?t tell anything. I can die!” However, Legree couldn?t understand him. Then Tom looked up to his master, and answered, “Mas?r, if you was sick, or in trouble, or dying, and I could save ye, I?d give ye my heart?s blood; and, if taking every soul, I?d give ?em freely, as the Lord gave his for me. O, Mas?r! don?t bring this

great sin on your soul! It will hurt you more than … t will me! Do the worst you can, my troubles?ll be over soon; but, if ye don?t repent, yours won?t never end!” [6] At last, one who believes Jesus is Messiah and is saved at the very moment and spot. Third, Tom and Jesus are all redeemed by the person who esteems them. Joseph of Arimathaea, a secret apostle of him, redeems Jesus. He took the body of Jesus and wrapped it, with the spices, in strips of linen cloth according to Jewish burial—customs. Tom is rescued by his former master?s son----George Shelby. He loves Tom for his faith, so he vows to find Tom when he is sold. However, when he found Tom, Tom was dying and died soon. Bearing great respect and sadness for Tom, George took Tom?s body away and decided to bury it decently. More important, Tom?s temperament is quite the same as Jesus. When Jesus sees people who sin, he pities them, helps them, tells them and cures them. His heart can forgive anyone, anything. He brings the gospel to people. Tom is obviously a Christ figure with black skin. He is full of love for his neighbors, both the black and white. He also serves as a Christian leader for the other s lavers in the novel. In Shelby?s house, Uncle Tom is a sort of patriarch in religious matters in the neighborhood. Having, naturally, an organization in which the morale is

strongly predominant, together with a greater breadth and cultivation of mind than his companions, he is looked up, as a sort of minister among them; and the simple, hearty, sincere style of his exhortations might have edified even better educated persons. But it was in prayer that he especially excelled. In the language of a pious old N egro, he “prayed right up.” While he is at St. Clare?s house, he meets the pitiful, old slave Prue. Prue should spend all her times to care her mistress and she loves the milk, but her mistress refuses to buy milk for her, so her only child is starved to death. Because of that, she becomes drunk and deranged. Tom sympathizes with her very much offers to carry her basket for her, and send the Gospel to her. He is always giving others the belief of life. He says to her, “ O, ye poor critter! Hadn?t nobody nev er telled ye how the Lord Jesus loved ye, and died for ye? Han?t they telled ye that he?ll ye, and ye can go to heaven, and have rest, at last?” [7]

Tom loves not only black people, but also white people. When his first master is going to sell him, he has no complain on it. After he stays at the second master?s home, he often advises St. Clare not to go to these celebrating parties. In order to let St. Clare have the words in mind, Tom even goes down on his knees and pleads with him not to attend those revelries. He

quotes a sentence from the Bible “ it biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder!” [8]P1 to persuade St. Clare. When he is on his deathbed, he says to George Shelby, “ Ye don?t know! Pears like I loves?em all! I loves every creatur, everywhar!----it?s nothing but love! O, Mas?r George! What a thing?t is to be a Christian!” [9]P433 And “ who,---who,---who shall separate us from the love of Christ?” [10]P434 From the above, we can conclude that Tom, like Jesus, is the embodiment of God and love in Christianity.

Like Jesus, Tom often forgives others, no matter the man who treats him kind or cruel. Tom forgives his first master, he says, “Mas?r always found me on the spot----he always will.” [11]P39 When he is flogged by Legree. He says, “ Ye p oor miserable critter! There an?t no more ye can do! I forgive ye, with all my soul!” [12]P428Jesus forgives the men who betrayed him, he thinks they are innocent people and asks the God would not send down calamities to them.

Though Tom is submissive to his master, he has the consciousness to define the right and wrong. If the master treats him kindly, he will pay more reciprocation to his master. His first master Mrs. Shelby gives him all his property to manage. He once lets Tom to go to Cincinnati alone to do business for

him. Tom has the opportunity to run away. Instead, he comes back on time. He does not want to betray his master, and he says, “Ah, master trusted me, and I couldn?t.” [13]P2 Tom?s second master St. Clare gives him money without looking at it, because he trusts Tom very much. “Tom had every facility and temptation to dishonesty; and nothing but an impregnable simplicity of nature, strengthened by Christian faith, could have kept him from it. But, to that nature, the very unbounded trust reposed in him was bond and seal for the most scrupulous accuracy.” [14]P208Even Tom?s third master Legree also gives him his property to keep. However, once his master does the thing he thinks wrong, he will do it at his own will. Legree asks Tom to bea t other slaves, but Tom does not do it. He says, “ I?m willin to work, night and day----and , Mas?r , I never shall do it,----never!” [15]P369 His worship is not blind in that he only obeys what he thinks right. From learning to read the Bible and writing letters to his kids, Tom is consistently trying to improve himself despite the limits placed upon him by slavery.

From the above paragraph, we can conclude that, Tom is loyal and submissive to his master and at the same time he has a good distinction between what is right and what is wrong.

Mrs. Stowe has her intention to depict Tom as a Christ—figure.

Her most obvious purpose is to evoke the white men who believe in Christianity in the north, to let them have the position to support anti—slavery actions and to hope them to realize the evil to keep slavery system in a Christian country. She needs to compose a character of black man who can be accepted by most whites[16]. So she endorses Tom a lot of characters similar to Christ. Tom is the man who can arouse the sympathy from the white.

We all think Tom is a man with good qualities and immaculate character. He is a stereotype with typical African features and disposition of that race, yet Tom has the passive character in his life. His non-resistant principle is not accepted by the white readers, but his upright quality is not separated from his firm belief and personal strength. In a word, Tom is the representative of a kind of person rather than a single man. Whatever happens, he sticks to his belief in Christianity and tried to help others to change by persuasion. Mrs. Stowe portrayed such a character as Tom because she herself believes in Christianity and was greatly influenced by Christianity and believes in the kindness in human beings.

2.2 Little Eva

The five-year old “Litter Eva” is characterized as a beautiful,

angelic child. It is a female character that can?t be ignored. Eva?s name is “Evangeline St. Clare”; “Evangeline” symbols the ideal image of an angel. In Bible, angel is sent by God to help and save those who needed. The little Eva is full of love and friendliness to others. She tries to do her bit to help others. In this way, she is just like an angel sent by God. Somehow she always tries to put herself on equality with every creature that comes near her. Tom and her become best friends, and they are bonded by the common love they have for those around them. Once her father asks her whether it is better to live in her grandpa, Vermont or to have a house full of servantHer reason is to have so many more round you to love. She chooses the latter. The reason she asks her father to buy Tom is also to make Tom happy. When Tom tells the Prune?s story to Eva, “ She did not claim, or wonder, or weep, as other children would do. Her cheeks grew pale, and a deep, earnest shadow passed over her eyes. She laid both hands on her bosom, and sighed heavily.”

[17]P222 Eva has many puzzling problems, such as why the black men would be slaves, why Tom would be separated from his wife and children, why Prue would be dead, why Topsy is so disliked by others. She hopes that the people around her are all happy. Just as her name “ Evangeline” suggests, she is an

evangelist to everyone. She often listens to the stories from Bible told by Tom. She shares the Gospel with the slaves in her father?s plantation and helps them to learn knowledge and gives them hope. Unfortunately, she does not live a long life. Towards her death, she gives every slave servant in her house a lock of fair golden hair and asks the slaves to be good Christians; she also has her father promised that he would let them free.

Mrs. Stowe shows the idea of trying her best to change the society for the better and save people with Christian spirit and actions. She hopes to spread the universal love in Christianity by Eva. [18] Though Eva dies at a young age, her death is not sad. The reason is that for Mrs. Stowe, who believes in Christianity from her childhood, death is a better reflection of heroism. And for her, death stands for victory rather than failure. The death of Eva is the same of Jesu?s death. Mrs. Stowe hopes to save souls of the evil by Eva?s death. Eva?s death changed Topsy. We can learn from the novel that Topsy is originally one without love from his mother and refuses to do as he is told. It is Eva that changed him for the better. We can see this from the following dialogue between Eva and Topsy.

Topsy. Miss Ophelia would love you, if you were good.” Topsy gave the short, blunt laugh that was her common mode of

expressing incredulity. “Don?t you think so?” said Eva. “No; she can?t bar

“Topsy. Miss Ophelia would love you, if you were good.”

Topsy gave the short, blunt laugh that was her common mode of expressing incredulity.

“Don?t you think so?” said Eva.

“No; she can?t bar me, ?cause I?m a n igger!-she?d soon have a toad touch her! There can?t nobody love niggers, and niggers can? do nothin?! I don?t care,” said Topsy, beginning to whiltle.

“O, Topsy, poor child, I love you!” said Eva, with a sudden burst of feeling, and laying her little thin, white hand on Topsy?s shoulder; “I love you, because you haven?t had any father, or mother, or friends;-because you?ve been a poor, abused child! I love you and I want you to be good. I am very unwell, Topsy, and I think I shan?t live a great while; and it really grieves me, to have you be so naughty. I wish you would try to be good, for my sake; -it?s only a little while I shall be with you.”

The round, keen eyes of the black child were overcast with tears;-large, bright drops rolled heavily down, one by one, and fell on the little white hand. Yes, in that moment, a ray of real

belief, a ray of heavenly love, had penetrated the darkness of her heathen soul! She laid her head down between her knees, and wept and sobbed,-while the beautiful child, bending over her, looked like the picture of some bright angel stooping to reclaim a sinner. [19]P289

It is Eva?s words that makes Topsy makes up his mind to serve as a missionary in Africa where his people live. Ophelia also thinks highly of Eva?s universal love. We can learn this from what she said: “Well, she?s so loving! After all, though, she?s no more than Christ-like,” said Miss Ophelia; “I wish I were like her. She might teach me a lesson.” [20]P294 The description of little Eva in the novel is similar to the seven-year old blond little girl described in the preach in England and Ireland given by clergyman Dwight Lyman Moody. The preach named Little Child Angel describes a seven-year old blond girl, who is the source of happiness. Her father is proud of her. She comes up in her father?s dream after her death. She admonishes and saves her father in the heaven. The story tells us that a child can save others by devoting her life. She gets spiritual power that she can?t get from people she loves. The spiritual power she gets after death and the holy and pure born to her makes Eva an angel that saves the world. The subject on

angel who saves the world is a main subject in the religious culture of the nineteenth century. Because of the intensely religious consciousness, Mrs. Stowe endows litter Eva heavy religion mission as an angel. To some extent, the character of Eva loses a bit of authenticity. As a matter of fact, Mrs. Stowe wants to call on people to do as or more than the child does.

2.3 Ideal Mothers--- Mrs. Shelby, St. Clare?s mother, Legree?s mother

Maria in Bible gives us an impression of a great mother who is full of love. She supports and understands Jesus whatever happens. She is also tolerant of all her children. Although her children besides Jesus made many mistakes, she still forgives them and believes them. In her opinion, mothers can never give up their children.

Mrs. Stowe takes her novel as a kind of “tool” to realize a world that is composed by Christian universal love, but not the rights. The Utopianism in her mind shows a tendency: the realization of Christian universal love should go through the daily life, the sacrificial principle lies in maternal love. Mrs. Stowe herself is the mother of six children. When she cherishes her children, she thi nks of the slave?s child who was sold to an unknown place, she feels painful, so she composes many pious

Christian mother in this novel, such as Mrs. Shelby, St. Clare?s mother and Legree?s mother. These mothers have the common merits---they are all kind, moral, saintly and soon. They are all the ideal mothesr of children.

2.3.1 Mrs. Shelby

Mr. Shelby?s wife is a deeply devoted woman who strives to give a kind and moral influence upon her slaves. “She have tried---tried most faithfully, as a Christian woman should—to do my duty to these poor, simple, dependent creatures. I have cared for them, instructed them, watched over them, and known all their little cares and joys, for years.” [21]P34 She appalls when her husband negotiates selling his slaves with a slave trader and realizes that slavery is wrong and very unchristian. When she finds things cannot turn for the better, she feels sorry for the slaves that would be sold and indignant with the slaver.

2.3.2 St. Clare?s mother

She is a lofty and pure m other and names St. Clare?s name as her name to hope her son would be the same character of hers. Though her husband loves and pampers her, yet he does not approve of her participating in the matters of slaves. She is against slavery because she thinks that we are all men born of women, and not savage beasts, but she does not object any word

of her husband or expresses any different advice on her appearance. We can find this from St. Clare?s recalling, “She never contradicted, in form, anything that my father said, or seemed directly to differ from him; but she impressed, burnt into my very soul, with all the force of her deep, earnest nature, an idea of the dignity and worth of the meanest human soul. I have looked in her face with solemn awe, when she would point up to the stars in the evening, and say to me, “See there, Auguste! The poorest, meanest soul on our place will be living, when all these stars are gone forever,-will live as long as God lives!”

[22]P232 Her words greatly influence St. Clare?s atti tude to slavery. She does not want to come into conflict with her husband, and she wants to fight against slavery in a peaceful way. This is also the way Mrs. Stowe advocates in liberating slaves and abolishing slavery. She strikes people by her cordial and sincere character. She also instills into St. Clare that every man, no matter Whites or Blacks, all have the spirit St Clare recalled that, “There was a morbid sensitiveness and acuteness of feeling in me on all possible subjects, of which he(my brother) and my father had no kind of understanding, and with which they could have no possible sympathy. But mother did; and so, when I had quarreled with Alfred, and father looked sternly on

me, I used to go off to mother?s room, and sit by her, I remember just how she used to look, with her pale cheeks, her deep, soft, serious eyes, her white dress,-she always wore white; and I used to think of her whenever I read in Revolutions about the saints that were arrayed in fine linen, clean and white.” [23]P232 From St. Clare?s recalling, we can learn that St. Clare?s mother is full of love for her children and resembles Maria in understanding her children.

There is a part of St. Clare?s recalling, “She had some fine old paintings; one, in particular, of Jesus healing a blind man. They were very fine, and used to impress me strongly. …See there, Auguste,? she would say; …the blind man was a beggar, poor and loathsome; therefore, …he would not heal him afar off! He called him to him, and put his hand on him! Remember this, my boy. ” [24P234]From this, we can see her trust in Jesus and educates his children with this painting. Such behavior shows that she is a Christian.

2.3.3 Legree?s Mother

She is also a pious, gentle Christian mother. She holds Legree in her arms, singing the hymn piously and reverently. However, her son does not grow as she hopes. Her hard—working nurture cannot exterminate her son?s vicious

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》读书笔记

中文书名:汤姆叔叔的小屋 原文书名:The Literaturre Of The World 书籍作者:比彻•斯托夫人 内容摘录: 一个人的灵魂比世界上任何值钱的东西都宝贵。给饥饿的人食物,给受冻的人衣服,对于不幸的人更要安慰他。 我的观点 故事从一个奴隶主与一个奴隶贩子的讨价还价中开始。美国肯塔基州的奴隶主赛尔比在股票市场上投机失败,为了还债,决定把两个奴隶卖掉。一个是汤姆,他是在谢尔比的种植场出生的,童年时就当伺候主人的小家权,颇得主人欢心,成年后当上了家奴总管,忠心耿耿,全身心维护主人利益。另一个要卖掉的奴隶是黑白混血种女奴莉莎的儿子霍雷,当莉莎偶然听到主人要卖掉汤姆和自己的儿子后,就连夜带着儿子往加拿大逃奔。她的丈夫乔治伺机逃跑,与妻子汇合,带着孩子,历经艰险,终于成功地抵达加拿大。汤姆却是另一种遭遇。他知道并支持莉莎逃走,但是他自己没有逃跑。由于他从小就被奴隶主灌输敬畏上帝、逆来顺受、忠顺于主人这类的基督教说教,对主人要卖他抵债,也没有怨言。他被转卖到新奥尔良,成了奴隶贩子哈力的奴隶。在一次溺水事故中,汤姆救了一个奴隶主的小女儿吉林克利亚的命,孩子的父亲尚德克利亚从哈力手中将汤姆买过来。当了家仆,而汤姆和小女孩建立了感情。不久小女孩突然病死,尚德克利亚根据小女儿生前愿望,决定将汤姆和其它黑奴解放。可是当还没有来得及办妥解放的法律手续时,尚德克利亚在一次意外事故中被人杀死。尚德克利亚的妻子没有解放汤姆和其它黑奴,而是将他们送到黑奴拍卖市场。从此,汤姆落到了一个极端凶残的红河种植场奴隶主西蒙手中。西蒙把黑奴当作会说话的牲口,任意鞭打,横加私刑。汤姆忍受着这非人的折磨,仍然没有想到要为自己找一条生路,而是默默地奉行着做一个正直人的原则。在这种植场有两个女奴为了求生,决定逃跑,她们躲藏起来。西蒙怀疑汤姆帮助她们逃走,把汤姆捆绑起来,鞭打得皮开肉绽,死去活来。但是汤姆最后表现出了他对奴隶主的反抗,什么都没有说。在汤姆奄奄一息的时候,他过去的主人赛尔比的儿子裘奇赶来赎买汤姆,但是汤姆已经无法领受他过去的小主人迟来的援手,遍体鳞伤地离开了人世。裘奇就地埋葬汤姆,回到家乡肯塔基后,裘奇就以汤姆大叔的名义解放了他名下的所有黑奴,并对他们说:你们每次看见汤姆大叔的小屋,就应该联想起你们的自由。 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这本书,清楚的让我了解美国两百年前的黑奴制度。其中描写人性的部分特别深入,不管是白人黑人都一样有感情、有思想,也有善良或邪恶。作者用心刻画出忠诚的黑奴汤姆,表现出他不屈服威胁,坚持自己良知和信仰的精神。故事中对于黑奴在拍卖站所受的凌辱,以及遭受种种不人道的对待,都描述得极为生动。黑人和黑人之间的相互扶持,也显现出人性的光辉。

读《汤姆叔叔的小屋》有感800字左右

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这本书主要讲了19世纪中叶,美国北方肯塔基州农场主谢尔比家有一名忠心维护主人利益的黑奴,大家都称呼他为汤姆叔叔。以下是XX为大家精心整理的读《汤姆叔叔的小屋》有感800字左右,欢迎大家阅读,供您参考。 刚开始正为读什么名著苦恼时,我突然想到了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。忘记了是谁告诉我的,说这本书很好看,我便拿来翻了一下。谁知刚看了一点,就被这本书的内容给吸引了。 没有华丽的语言,没有细腻的描写,可这本书却让我感受到了汤姆叔叔那颗炽热、善良的心。这本书主要讲了19世纪中叶,美国北方肯塔基州农场主谢尔比家有一名忠心维护主人利益的黑奴,大家都称呼他为汤姆叔叔。因主人在股票市场投机失败而破产,主人只好将此汤姆等十名黑奴价卖给奴隶贩子利格里抵债。一起乘船运回南方。在船上一个得了不治之症的小女孩,特别喜欢汤姆叔叔唱歌,就坚决请求她的父亲圣克莱尔买了下汤姆叔叔、由于圣克莱尔主张解放黑奴,利格里等奴隶主对他恨之入骨,隧下毒手将他暗杀,从此,汤姆叔叔又落入奴隶贩子利格里手中。汤姆叔叔为解救不愿充当利格里玩物的奴女卡茜,被车撞得重伤致命。他在生命奄奄一息的时刻,终于悟出了只有斗争才会有自由的真理。他督促黑奴们尽快离开这人间地狱,于是黑奴们砸开水闸在白人的帮助下,与利格里展开斗争。这时汤姆叔叔躺在他的小屋里,眼看着利格里自认失败落魄离去,对自己黑人同胞能取得胜利,以及有许多白人都站在他们一边而无限欣慰地离开了人间。 这本书里有许多我非常喜欢的人物:高贵的英雄——汤姆叔叔,在整部作品中,汤姆不仅忍受着剥削带来的痛苦,还始终坚持着自己的信仰,到了最后连他的敌人也不得不敬重他。伟大的母亲——伊莉莎,在得知自己5岁的儿子哈里将被卖给奴隶贩子黑利后,她带着哈里逃向了北方。在俄亥俄州时,她与丈夫乔治·哈里斯重逢。他们一家人移居到了加拿大,然后再到了法国,最终定居于利比里亚。天使般的女孩——伊娃,她经常会谈论一些爱与宽恕的话题,她甚至说服了固执的奴隶女孩托普西,让她相信她也应该得到爱。伊娃也曾试图去感触她那坏脾气阿姨奥菲利亚的心。传统的绅士——亚瑟·谢尔比,汤姆在肯塔基州时的主人。善良的妇女——埃米莉·谢尔比,她是一位深信宗教的妇女,并努力用她的仁慈与道德来影响她的奴隶们。最有同情心的奴隶主——奥古斯丁·圣克莱尔,汤姆的第二位主人,小女孩伊娃的父亲;他已然意识到了奴隶制度的罪恶,但却还未能为割舍它所带来的财富作好准备。在他的女儿死后,他变得更加地信奉宗教,并开始给汤姆阅读《圣经》听,并决定给汤姆自由。但是,他的好意却由于他的意外身亡而终成泡影。 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》所发挥的作用“在历史上只有少数其他的小说能够企及。”。随着小说的出版,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的废奴主义观点曾引发了一场奴隶制度拥护者们的抗议狂潮。此外,作为一部畅销书,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》还对后来的抗议文学产生了深远的影响相比之下,我的生活幸福又充实,不需要受很多的苦。所以,我们要珍惜生活,珍惜生活带给我们的爱与温暖。我们要想汤姆叔叔那样,坚持,奋斗。或是像伊娃那样,有一颗善良的心。

汤姆叔叔的小屋读后感三篇

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国作家哈里特?比彻?斯托(斯托夫人)发表的一部反奴隶制小说。下面是给大家介绍的汤姆叔叔的小屋读后感,欢迎阅读。 【篇一汤姆叔叔的小屋读后感】 哲人说,名著只有反复读才能体会到书的精髓。我读《汤姆叔的小屋》已经有四五遍了,如今才能领略到几分滋味。 汤姆给我的印象,起初便只是一个“忠”字,忠于主人、终于上帝耶和华,忠于自己的信仰。他那份过于执着的教条的忠诚,让我有一种头皮发麻近乎窒息的感觉,在列格雷的铁鞭和狂怒的咒骂下,他依然平静地忠于主人,甚至当卡西夫人希望带他一起逃走时,他竟然拒绝砍死睡梦中的列格雷、拒绝逃走,他竟还劝卡西去相信上帝,去原谅、去爱糟蹋他们的魔鬼一列格雷。就因为列格雷是他的主人,他要一丝不苟地按照上帝的指示去爱每一个人,至死不渝的忠于自己的主人,绝不背叛主人。 主人再无情,汤姆也不会无义的。我不禁想尖叫,他的这份忠诚很恐怖,像寒冬里硬把炭火往人的身上泼,对待阴森冷酷的社会,没有反抗,只有顺从、只有忠诚,但这份感情并不会感化像恶狗一样的奴隶主,只会令他恐惧,进而令他疯狂地绞杀。所以那些像比干、伍子胥、寇准、汤姆这种忠诚,不仅不会有益于苍生,反而会使恶人更猖獗,使社会更黑暗。其实有时候像中国儒学和黑奴们所信仰的所谓忠诚未必是什么好事 汤姆对万能的上帝的信奉和忠诚到了一种任凭电击雷劈都不会动摇的地步, 他从未怀疑过上帝的真实性和所谓的上帝的力量,就在他遍体鳞伤、奄奄一息地躺在狭小的稻草上,被蚊子叮咬的浑身是血的时候,他也依然相信他的上帝一定会解救他脱离苦海的,到死他都没有停止吟诵圣经,到死他还睁大眼睛渴望看到天堂的光明。

其实一直是他自己将自己的灵魂禁锢在躯体里,他并没有过希望,他只相信上帝会改变这所有的不幸,此时我也不知道是该怨恨榨人骨髓的奴隶制度,还是应该批判教堂教会麻痺人的每一条神经的无耻,还是该将所有的哀怒倾洒给那些原本善良却又无知的像汤姆一样的“奴隶”们呢? 不过,汤姆的信仰和忠诚却又并不是像日本大兵那样,无论是非善恶美丑对错都无条件地服从于大日本帝国和皇陛下以及武士道精神。汤姆的忠诚和服从,是以爱和信任为基础的,他从不违背正义的标准去按主人的指示为非作歹,就像他不想去大可怜的露西,所以宁愿替她挨打。他说“我不会打她,您可以让我不停地在地里为您干活,这我毫无怨言,但只要我有一口气在,我就不会做我认为不对的事情,不管您怎么打骂我,我也不会干的。”因为上帝向他讲述了多么美丽、和谐的天堂,只有好人才能上天堂。上帝告诉了他要爱、要忠诚、要善良,这就是汤姆单纯的判断标准。其实对与错也就是如此简单,很多事情也并不是那么复杂的,只需要一个简单的道德判断标准,然后去坚持、信奉、守卫住它 汤姆临终前的最后一句话是“谁又能把我和上帝和爱分开呢?”我才知道, 在他的心里,上帝与爱是一体的,上帝就是爱的化身,是上帝给了他爱。所以他 相信上帝也是爱他的。他爱并信任所有的人,他也在感化着那些本性善良的人们。其实他的信仰和忠诚是无瑕的,是出于爱的,因为爱从未错过。 现在一定会有人嘲笑汤姆叔叔教条式的那份忠诚是多么的愚蠢和无知,而今天缺少的恰恰是这份忠诚,追根到底缺少的是爱。缺少了对朋友的爱,就对友谊不忠诚;缺少了对父母的爱,就是对亲情不忠诚;缺少了对国家的爱,就是对国家的不忠诚,是卖国贼。

汤姆叔叔的小屋

After I finished readingUncle Tom’s Cabin,It felt like I just finished watching a movie and I myself was a character in the movie, which clearly disclose the nature of capitalism. Meanwhile, this book reconfirmed a thought that the prosperity of some capitalist countries is based on the unknowns’ sa crifice. The story in the article is mainly about this, a slaveholder had to sell his two slaves, one of whom named Tom, to pay debt. Faced to this kind of miserable life and being a slave who is loyal to his owner, Tom never thought to run away, because he, a real believer in Christianity, had decided to pursue to be an honest man all his life. Tom’s new owner made him live a more unbearable life, what’s worse, Tom didn’t change his mind. Until the last second Tom’s last owner regretted his decision and w anted to bail Tom out, but, unfortunately, Tom died of that kind of misery. This article analyzes the characteristics of loyalty, kindness and generosity embodied in Uncle Tom who was full of kindness was the true hero in the history of American novels, it also points out that Tom was very tolerant and weak to the cruelty of slavery and that the black must fight back to gain freedom. Though died of slaveholders’ persecution, Tom was a winner in the spirit, which in defiance of the physical injure , perhaps as such, Tom got the right to enjoy his dream life in the heaven. As a white, Mrs. Stow wrote this article, the greatest anti-slavery work of America in the 19thcentury, to express her idea to appeal the people in the south to stand up to fight against the slavery sustained in the South of America, everybody in America, including the white, should sympathize with those black slaves on their miserable fate. Nowadays, people still regard Tom as a symbol of never giving up pursuing to realize his value. Tom did not give up his belief regardless of the unbearable destiny, and he proved us that the black were self-governed individualities, not born to slaves working for the white. To some extent, it is safe to draw the conclusion that Tom would be the heretical model at all events. No slavery, be equal

汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容

汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容 以下是关于汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容,希望内容对您有帮助,感谢您得阅读。 汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容(一) 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》讲述的是一个忠心耿耿、正直并且有爱心的黑奴,他的名字就是汤姆。汤姆是在谢尔比的种植场出生的,童年时就当伺候主人的小家奴,颇得主人欢心,成年后当上了家奴总管,忠心耿耿,全身心维护主人利益,哪怕主人要把他卖了,他还是选择服从他的主人。在故事里有这么一个情节,汤姆和哈利一起要被主人卖掉,但是,哈利和其母亲不服从主人的安排,偷偷逃出了主人家,而汤姆选择了帮助他们。而他们也顺利地逃脱了,成了自由之身。那个时候,其实汤姆本来有机会可以离开这里,可是,他却没有那么做,他为了他的主人,放弃了所谓的自由,最后还是被主人卖给了奴隶贩子海利,成为了他的奴隶。后来,他在一次溺水的事故里,救了一个小女娃的性命。因此,女孩的父亲就将汤姆买回家里。 由于汤姆与女孩的关系很好,所以,圣·克莱的女儿死了后,他决定要还给汤姆自由之身。可惜,他的合法手续还没完成,他就已经逝世了。他的妻子违背了他的意愿,将汤姆和其他黑奴一起送到了黑奴贸易市场。到了这里,汤姆的悲剧生活 ·

已经彻底开始了。他落入了一个凶残的奴隶主莱格利手里,整日受到虐待。可是,尽管如此,他并没有想过要逃脱这种奴隶生活,甚至还为他的主人祈祷,希望洗去他主人的罪孽。这里是他的正直的一面,但是,同时也体现他的不懂变通。在收到不公平待遇时,他不懂得反抗。但是,也正是他的这种无私的精神,才使得这部巨作拥有这么强的生命力吧。 汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容(二) 这本书的主要内容是:汤姆叔叔原是好心的希比尔先生买回来的黑人,但因希比尔先生没有足够的钱还债,无可奈何地要将汤姆叔叔,还有伊莱扎唯一的儿子哈里当钱一样,把他们贩卖给赫利。汤姆是一个忠心耿耿的黑奴,无论主人怎样处置他,他也毫无怨言,但伊莱扎并不是,她是一个勇敢去追逐自由的女子,所以母爱让她有意识地带着孩子逃走,最后成功抵达加拿大。汤姆一次一次地被人贩卖,在一路贩卖的“旅途”上,汤姆认识了纯洁得就如荷花的伊娃,伊娃很喜欢这个曾逗她玩的汤姆叔叔,就连她父亲对汤姆也非常满意,汤姆以为这下他可以抱回回家的希望了,可好景不长,伊娃因病重而永远地合上眼睛,男主人给人杀害了,黑奴的自由的权利就交给了自私的女主人了。汤姆最后一次被贩卖了,这也是他最后一次的黑奴生活了。后来,他在这里认识了种植厂里的两个女仆,她们都有着向往自由的强烈追求,在一次机会里趁机行事,成 ·

汤姆叔叔的小屋

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》读书后感 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国作家哈里特·比彻·斯托(斯托夫人)于1852年发表的一部反奴隶制小说。 前些日子,我拜读了斯托夫人的成名之作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。这本小说出版至今已有150多年的历史了。该书1852年首次发行单行本,就取得巨大成功。该书在海外也大受欢迎;同样,该书受到了世界各地的读者的热烈欢迎,著名作家如列夫?托尔斯泰、屠格涅夫、乔治?桑、海涅、狄更斯等也对此书高度赞扬。其魅力经久不衰,时间,是最好的证明——这是一本经典名著。 该书深刻影响了美国的历史。如果说马丁?路德金是20世纪美国黑人民族种族运动的伟大领袖,那么斯托夫人的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》可以说是19世纪美国南北战争的导火线。所以许多人认为它是导致美国南北战争爆发的因素之一。所以当年作者斯托夫人访问白宫,试图劝说林肯总统采取积极有效有效的措施,帮助数以千计逃到首都的奴隶时,林肯总统则称斯托夫人是“写了一本引起一场伟大战争的书的小妇人”。(《小妇人》同样是以南北战争为背景的小说)“这是上帝对奴隶制的诅咒,它是万恶的、最该被诅咒的怪物。这也是对主人、对奴隶的诅咒!我还傻乎乎地认为我可以从这邪恶的制度中发现一些美好的东西呢。 法律维护蓄奴制真是一种罪过,——我一直有这种感觉——我孩童时代就这样认为——入教后,我对此更加坚信不疑,但我却天真地认为,我可以凭借仁爱、关怀和教导,使我的奴隶的境况好于获得自由之身,真是太傻了。”——第五章

一、每个人的信仰 文中最多的可能就是这种关于宗教信仰的矛盾了。黑人奴隶与庄园主之间的信仰矛盾,人性与欲望(金钱、名利)的矛盾,以及黑人本身之间的各种矛盾。 在《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这个作品中谈到了很多涉及宗教和信仰的问题,例如汤姆叔叔这个人物,就是一个极其虔诚的基督徒,恐怕我们用再苛刻的标准来衡量他,我们这位汤姆叔叔也无愧于基督徒这三个字。汤姆叔叔是个怎样的人呢?善良、纯朴、正直等等类似的词可能对他都适用,而这些美德都来自于他的信仰,对美好未来的渴望,对这个悲惨世界的怜悯,这对于一个黑奴来说真的太不容易了,简直难以置信,要知道,身为黑奴就意味着愚昧和无知,当然这不是他们的错,还有每天繁重的劳动,所有这些都会让一个正常人憎恨这个世界,做为一无所有的人,随时都有可能自己被卖掉或者孩子、老婆被卖掉的人,做为像狗一样完全属于主人的人,做为一个在社会上毫无希望的人,很多黑奴实际上已将自己放弃,放弃了做人的权利,当然也就放弃了信仰的权利。而汤姆叔叔却很幸运,他的第一位主人是个仁慈的奴隶主,这使得汤姆叔叔有机会接触到基督教。对于汤姆叔叔个人而言,基督教就是这个苦难世界上最好的东西,哪怕是读一读圣经,都成了他最快乐的事。福音书中很多句子都被汤姆叔叔用笔画下来,而汤姆叔叔原本是不识字的。 汤姆叔叔可以说是当时黑奴阶层的一个特例,肉体上绝对的服从(例如:他的第一位主人由于债务原因要把汤姆卖掉,对于汤姆来说真是妻离子散啊,而汤姆并没有逃跑,甚至没有一句怨言。汤姆叔叔的第三位主人千方百计虐待他,而他还是忠实的劳动。)和精神上绝对的独立(例如:汤姆叔叔地三位主人要汤

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得反抗。但是,也正是他的这种无私的精神,才使得这部巨作拥有这么强的生命力吧。 汤姆叔叔的小屋主要内容(二) 这本书的主要内容是:汤姆叔叔原是好心的希比尔先生买回来的黑人,但因希比尔先生没有足够的钱还债,无可奈何地要将汤姆叔叔,还有伊莱扎唯一的儿子哈里当钱一样,把他们贩卖给赫利。汤姆是一个忠心耿耿的黑奴,无论主人怎样处置他,他也毫无怨言,但伊莱扎并不是,她是一个勇敢去追逐自由的女子,所以母爱让她有意识地带着孩子逃走,最后成功抵达加拿大。汤姆一次一次地被人贩卖,在一路贩卖的“旅途”上,汤姆认识了纯洁得就如荷花的伊娃,伊娃很喜欢这个曾逗她玩的汤姆叔叔,就连她父亲对汤姆也非常满意,汤姆以为这下他可以抱回回家的希望了,可好景不长,伊娃因病重而永远地合上眼睛,男主人给人杀害了,黑奴的自由的权利就交给了自私的女主人了。汤姆最后一次被贩卖了,这也是他最后一次的黑奴生活了。后来,他在这里认识了种植厂里的两个女仆,她们都有着向往自由的强烈追求,在一次机会里趁机行事,成功逃跑了,但汤姆却坚持原则留下来,最后忠实换取的代价是死亡,当乔治少爷赶到的时候,汤姆叔叔已给格烈雷鞭打得奄奄一息,然后随着乔治少爷的祷告悄悄地走向那没有奴隶,没有痛苦,只有平等相处的天堂,那幸福的天堂…… 读完这本书后,我很气愤,看一看,这是什么样的社会,全都是为了金钱利益,根本不把人当人看。想一想,人们心里除了

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《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国斯托夫人写的一本书。书中通过描写黑奴的悲惨命运,揭露了奴隶制的罪恶。一个忠诚于主人、有爱心的基督教徒——汤姆,因为主人欠债而被卖给奴隶贩子黑利,后又被黑利转卖给圣克莱尔。当他即将获得自由时,不料好心的圣克莱尔却死了,他又被圣克莱尔得夫人送到了拍卖所,被暴躁的雷格里买下……最终惨死在皮鞭下。 读完这本书,我在同情汤姆叔叔的悲惨遭遇、痛恨罪恶的奴隶制社会的同时,很庆幸自己生活在一个没有等级制度、人人平等的社会主义国家里。在这里,无论谁都不能买卖人口。但也有一些“人贩子”,置法律于不顾,私自拐卖妇女儿童。 有一次,我在电视上看到一些孩子被卖到“黑”煤矿,每天只能吃白开水煮烂菜叶,睡四面透风的大通铺,却要干和他们年龄不符的很重的活。少有反抗,就会被“狗腿子”鞭打,过着非人的生活。这些孩子的家长在丢失孩子后,不是精神失常,就是变卖自己所有的家产到处寻找孩子。这正是“拐卖一个人,毁掉一个家”。 看到这一幕,我嫉恶如仇,恨不得冲进电视里揪住人贩子和“黑心”煤老板,让获救的人狠狠地鞭打他们,让他们也尝尝生不如死的滋味。同时,希望国家能够严厉打击贩卖人口的交易,严惩人贩子,以彻底杜绝此类事情的发生。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》导读知识讲解

学习资料 仅供学习与参考《汤姆叔叔的小屋》导读 版本:新课标小学语文阅读丛书彩绘注音版适合年级:小学高年级 原著:斯托夫人改编:王智英 这是一曲爱的颂歌,这是一部伟大的反对奴隶制的宣言,是抨击美国奴隶制的不朽之作。在这里,你可以感受到无奈、痛苦、绝望,还有希望、喜悦。 那是奴隶制度在美国盛行的年代,作者斯托夫人是一所女子学院的教师,同时也是一名积极的废奴主义者,为了回应《逃亡奴隶法》这部法律,斯托夫人写成了这部小说,其创作时的一部分灵感也来自于一个叫亨森的男性黑人的自传,这是一名黑人奴隶努力成为一名自由人的故事,是对奴隶制度的极大反抗。这个故事影响了斯托夫人,继而创作了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》。在发表的头一年里,《汤姆叔叔的小屋》在美国本土便销售出了三十万册副本,并最终成为了19世纪全世界最畅销的小说(以及第二畅销的书,仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》)。 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》讲的并不是一个屋子,全文是一个悲喜剧的形式展示出来的系列故事,围绕的主题是黑奴为自由抗争,角色人物自然是黑奴,文章一开始将要讲的两个黑奴放在一起,有一个基本相同的出发点。厄运降临到奴隶主谢尔比家里。紧逼的债务迫使他不得不卖掉自己的一部分奴隶,在赫利的强制要求下,谢尔比决定卖掉汤姆和哈里。这个故事包含着正是这两条线索,一条是以汤姆叔叔为线索的悲剧收尾,一条是以哈里乔治一家团圆的喜剧收尾。 哈里的可爱聪明深得大人们喜欢,当艾莉查无意中听见自己的儿子将要被卖掉是,惊慌失措之下带着小哈里连夜出逃,妈妈拼命的逃跑,只为了保护自己的孩子,母爱的力量是伟大的,在赫利的追捕下,艾莉查竟奇迹般的跳过了一块块浮冰到了河的另一边。而后又在议员博德及其夫人的帮助下,艾莉查母子二人来到了教友村,农场主约翰是一个公开反对奴隶制的诚实善良的人,来到了这里也得到了暂时的安全。而更为幸运的是丈夫在出逃的过程中来到了这里,团聚之后让一家人更加坚定自由之路。父亲也理所当然的担当起了一个男人的职责,即使是条逃亡之路,一家人在一起也是幸福的。父亲的勇敢以及在教友村人的帮助下,他们又再次成功逃脱追捕。就这样,光明在慢慢靠近,最后基本上算是以喜剧的形式结尾…… 而本文的主人公汤姆却截然不同,汤姆是一个诚实能干、正直勇敢(一定程度上),热心善良的黑奴,他帮助了很多人,自己却被很多次的贩卖,但是对每一任主人都认真负责、勤勤恳恳,对每一个人都充满了友善,同时也是圣经的虔诚教众,坚信好人会上天堂。我们期待汤姆叔叔最后能上天堂吧,但是最后小说中汤姆叔叔是悲惨的死在一个种植场主的皮鞭之下,虽然看到了一直在找寻自己的乔治少爷。

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