西班牙语最常用5000词汇

A

a prep to, at

abajo adv down, below, downward abandonado adj abandoned

abandonar v to abandon, leave (a place) abandono nm abandonment, desertion abanico nm range, (handheld) fan abarcar v to encompass, comprise

abeja nf bee

abiertamente adv openly

abierto adj open, unlocked

abismo nm abyss, large gap

abogado nm/f lawyer

abordar v to board, get in/on

abrazar v to hug, embrace

abrazo nm hug, embrace

abrigo nm overcoat, shelter

abril nm April

abrir v to open

absolutamente adv absolutely, completely absoluto adj absolute

absorber v to absorb, soak up

abstracción nf abstraction

abstracto adj abstract

absurdo adj absurd

absurdo nm absurdity, nonsense

abuela nf grandmother

abuelo nm grandfather

abundancia nf abundance

abundante adj abundant, plentiful abundar v to be plentiful

aburrido adj boring, bored

aburrimiento nm boredom

aburrir v to bore, tire

abusar v to abuse

abuso nm abuse, misuse

acá adv here, around here

acabar v acabar de V: to have just Ved; ?nish academia nf academy

académico adj academic

acariciar v to stroke, fondle, caress acarrear v to bring up, entail

acaso adv by chance, maybe

acatar v to comply with, abide by acceder v to consent, agree, accede accesible adj accessible

acceso nm access, entry

accidente nm accident, irregularity

acción nf action, act, deed

aceite nm oil

acelerado adj accelerated, quick

acelerar v to accelerate, speed (up) acento nm accent, stress

acentuar v to accent, stress

aceptable adj acceptable, suitable aceptación nf acceptance, approval aceptar v to accept

acera nf sidewalk

acerca adv about, concerning acercamiento nm approach, approximation acercar v to come near

acero nm steel

acertado adj correct, accurate

acertar v to get right

ácido nm acid

acierto nm good aim, guess, hit

aclarar v to clarify, clear up

acoger v to welcome, accept acomodado adj well-to-do, suitable acomodar v to be/make comfortable acompa?ar v to accompany

aconsejar v to advise, counsel

acontecer v to happen, come about acontecimiento nm event, happening

acordar v to remember, remind

acorde nm agreement, accord

acostar v to put/go to bed

acostumbrado adj accustomed

acostumbrar v to be accustomed to

acta nf (el) (meeting) proceedings, minutes

actitud nf attitude

actividad nf activity, action

activo adj active

acto nm act, action

actor nm actor

actriz nf actress

actuación nf performance, acting

actual adj current

actualidad nf present (time)

actualmente adv now, at present

actuar v to act

acudir v to attend, go to, frequent

acuerdo nm accord; de acuerdo: in agreement

acumulación nf accumulation

acumular v to accumulate, amass

acusación nf accusation, charge

acusar v to accuse

adaptación nf adaptation

adaptar v to adapt

adecuado adj adequate, suitable

adelantar v to move forward

adelante adv forward, further

adelanto nm advance, progress

además adv also, as well, besides

adentrar v to penetrate, go inside

adentro adv inside

adherir v to adhere, attach

adhesión nf adherence

adicional adj additional

adiós nm goodbye

adivinar v to guess, solve

adjetivo nm adjective

administración nf administration

administrador nm/f administrator, manager

administrar v to administer, manage

administrativo adj administrative

admirable adj admirable

admiración nf admiration

admirador nm admirer

admirar v to admire

admitir v to admit

adolescencia nf adolescence

adolescente adj adolescent

adolescente nc adolescent

adonde adv to where

adónde adv to where?

adoptar v to adopt

adorar v to worship, adore

adornar v to adorn, to decorate

adorno nm decoration, adornment

adquirir v to acquire, get

adquisición nf acquisition

adulto adj adult, grown-up

adulto nm adult, grown-up

adversario nm adversary

advertencia nf warning, notice

advertir v to notice, warn

aéreo adj aerial, air

aeropuerto nm airport

afán nm eagerness, zeal, effort

afectar v to affect

afecto nm affection, fondness

aferrar v to grasp, clutch

a?ción nf fondness, interest

a?cionado nm fan, devotee

afín adj related, similar

a?rmación nf statement, assertion

a?rmar v to assert, af?rm

a?ojar v to loosen

afortunadamente adv luckily, fortunately

afortunado adj fortunate

africano adj African

afrontar v to face, confront

afuera adv outside

afueras nf outskirts, suburbs

agarrar v to grasp, catch

agencia nf agency, branch

agente nc agent

ágil adj agile

agitación nf agitation, excitement

agitado adj agitated, irritated

agitar v to shake, move

agonía nf agony, grief

agosto nm August

agotado adj tired, used up, sold out

agotar v to exhaust, wear out, run out

agradable adj nice, pleasant

agradar v to please

agradecer v to thank for

agradecido aj grateful, thankful

agradecimiento nm gratitude, gratefulness

agrario adj agrarian, agricultural

agravar v to aggravate

agregar v to add, gather

agresión nf aggression, attack

agresividad nf aggressiveness

agresivo adj aggressive

agrícola adj agricultural, farming

agricultor nm/f farmer

agricultura nf agriculture, farming

agrupar v to (put in) group

agua nf (el) water

aguantar v to endure, put up with

aguardar v to wait for, await

agudo adj sharp, acute

aguja nf needle, spire, stylus

agujero nm hole, opening

ah interj oh

ahí adv there

ahogar v to drown, choke, ?ood

ahora adv now

ahorrar v to save (money, time)

ahorro nm saving, thrift

aire nm air, wind, appearance

aislado adj isolated

aislamiento nm isolation

aislar v to isolate, insulate

ajeno adj not belonging to, detached

ajustar v to adjust, tighten

ajuste nm adjustment, settlement

ala nf (el) wing, ?ank

alambre nm wire

alargar v to enlarge, elongate

alarma nf alarm

alarmante adj alarming

alarmar v to alarm

albergar v to lodge, harbor

alcalde nm mayor

alcance nm reach, scope

alcanzar v to reach, catch up with

alcohol nm alcohol

aldea nf small village

alegar v to plead, argue

alegrar v to be/make happy

alegre adj happy, lively, cheerful

alegría nf joy, happiness

alejado adj remote, distant, aloof

alejar v to move away

alemán adj German

alentar v to encourage

alerta nf alert

alertar v to alert, warn

alfombra nf rug, carpet mat

algo pron something, somewhat

algodón nm cotton

alguien pron somebody, someone, anyone alguno adj some, someone (pron)

aliado nm ally

alianza nf alliance

aliento nm breath, courage, spirit alimentación nf feeding, food

alimentar v to feed, support

alimento nm food, nourishment

aliviar v to lighten, relieve, comfort

alivio nm relief, unburdening

allá adv there, over there

allí adv there, over there

alma nf (el) soul

almacén nm warehouse, store almohada nf pillow

almorzar v to have lunch

almuerzo nm lunch

alojar v to host, accommodate

alquilar v to rent, hire

alquiler nm rent, rental

alrededor adv about, around, round alrededor nm surrounding area, vicinity altamente adv highly

altar nm altar

alteración nf alteration, change

alterar v to alter, modify

alternar v to alternate

alternativa nf alternative

alternativo adj alternating, alternative

altísimo adj very high, tall

alto adj tall, high

altura nf height, altitude

aludir v to allude to

alumbrar v to light, illuminate

alumno nm student, pupil

alusión nf allusion, hint

alzar v to lift, raise

ama nc housekeeper, housewife

amable adj kind, nice, friendly amanecer nm daybreak, dawn amanecer v to dawn, get light

amante nc lover

amar v to love

amargo adj bitter, sour, painful amargura nf bitterness, sorrow

amarillo adj yellow

ambición nf ambition

ambicioso adj ambitious, greedy ambiente nm environment, atmosphere ambiguo adj ambiguous

ámbito nm sphere, space

ambos adj both

ambulante adj traveling

amenaza nf threat

amenazado adj threatened

amenazar v to threaten

americano adj American

amiga nf friend (f)

amigo nm friend

amistad nf friendship

amistoso adj friendly

amo nm master, boss (m)

amor nm love

amoroso adj loving, affectionate amparo nm protection, shelter

ampliación nf enlargement, extension ampliamente adv widely ampliar v to enlarge, increase, expand

amplio adj wide, ample, broad

amplitud nf breadth, extent, range

a?adir v to add

análisis nm analysis

analizar v to analyze

ancho adj wide

ancho nm width

anciano adj elderly, aged

andaluz adj Andalusian

andar nm walk, gait, pace

andar v to walk, function

anécdota nf anecdote

ángel nm angel

ángulo nm angle

angustia nf anguish, distress

angustiado adj anguished, distressed

angustioso adj distressing

anhelo nm longing, yearning

anillo nm (?nger) ring

animado adj excited, lively

animal nm animal

animar v to cheer up

ánimo nm zest, spirit, heart

aniversario nm anniversary

a?o nm year

anoche adv last night

anónimo adj anonymous

anotar v to annotate, jot, note

ansia nf (el) anxiety, anguish

ansiedad nf anxiety

ansioso adj anxious eager

anta?o adv in days gone by, last year

ante prep before, in the presence of

antecedente nm antecedent

antemano adv beforehand, in advance

antena nf antenna

antepasado nm ancestor

anterior adj previous, preceding

anteriormente adv previously

antes adv before

anticipar v to anticipate, advance

antigüedad nf antiquity, seniority

antiguo adj old, ancient, former

anual adj annual, yearly

anular v to annul, cancel

anunciar v to announce, advertise

anuncio nm advertisement, announcement

apagado adj turned off

apagar v to turn off, extinguish

aparato nm apparatus, device

aparecer v to appear

aparentar v to give the appearance

aparente adj apparent

aparentemente adv apparently

aparición nf appearance, apparition

apariencia nf appearance, aspect

apartar v to move away, separate

aparte adv apart, aside, separately

apasionado adj passionate

apelar v to call upon, appeal to

apellido nm last name

apenas adv hardly, barely

apertura nf opening, beginning

apetito nm appetite

aplastado adj crushed, ?attened

aplastar v to ?atten, crush, smash

aplaudir v to clap, applaud

aplauso nm applause, praise, acclaim

aplicación nf application

aplicado adj applied

aplicar v to apply

apoderar v to take power

aportar v to provide, contribute

aporte nm contribution

apostar v to wager, bet

apoyar v to support, lean on

apoyo nm support, backing

apreciación nf appreciation, assessment

apreciar v to appreciate

aprender v to learn

aprendizaje nm learning, apprenticeship

apresurar v to hurry up, speed up

apretado adj tight, jammed

apretar v to squeeze, tighten, compress

aprobación nf approval, consent

aprobar v to pass (test), approve

apropiado adj appropriate

aprovechar v to take advantage of

aproximación nf approximation

aproximadamente adv approximately

aproximar v to come near, closer

apto adj appropriate, ?t, able

apuesta nf wager, bet

apuntar v to point, note, aim

apunte nm note, annotation

apurar v to speed up, hurry up

apuro nm trouble, predicament

aquel adj that (over there)

aquél pron that one over there (m)

aquello pron that over there (n)

aquí adv here

árabe adj Arab

ara?a nf spider

arbitrario adj arbitrary

árbol nm tree

archivo nm archive, ?le, ?ling cabinet

arco nm arch, arc, bow

arder v to burn, glow

ardiente adj passionate, ardent

área nf (el) area, zone

arena nf sand

argentino adj Argentine

argumentar v to argue, deduce

argumento nm argument, plot

árido adj arid, dry

arma nf (el) weapon

armado adj armed

armar v to arm, put together

armonía nf harmony

aroma nm aroma

arquitecto nm/f architect

arquitectura nf architecture

arrancar v to start (machine), uproot

arranque nm start, outburst, kick-start

arrasar v to raze, ravage

arrastrar v to drag, pull

arrebatar v to snatch, grab

arreglar v to ?x, arrange

arreglo nm arrangement

arrepentir v to repent, regret

arriba adv up above

arriesgar v to risk, venture

arrojar v to throw, ?ing

arroyo nm brook, stream, gutter

arroz nm rice

arte nm art, skill

artefacto nm artifact, device

articular v to articulate

artículo nm article, product, item

arti?cial adj arti?cial

artista nc artist, performer

artístico adj artistic

asaltar v to assault

asalto nm assault, robbery

asamblea nf assembly

ascender v to ascend, be promoted ascenso nm promotion, climb ascensor nm elevator

asco nm disgust

asegurar v to assure, secure, insure asentar v to settle, establish, locate asentir v to assent, agree

asesinar v to murder, assassinate asesinato nm murder, assassination asesino nm killer, assassin

asesor nm/f adviser, consultant

así adv like that

asiento nm seat, chair

asignar v to assign, allocate

asilo nm asylum, shelter

asimilar v to assimilate

asimismo adv as well, also, moreover asistencia nf attendance, assistance asistente nc assistant

asistir v to attend

asociación nf association

asociar v to associate with

asomar v to appear, show, stick (out) asombrado adj amazed, bewildered asombrar v to amaze, astound asombro nm amazement, astonishment asombroso adj amazing

aspecto nm aspect, appearance

áspero adj rough, coarse, harsh aspiración nf ambition, aspiration aspirar v to aspire, want

astro nm star

asumir v to assume, take on

asunto nm matter, issue, affair asustado adj scared, frightened asustar v to frighten, scare

atacar v to attack

ataque nm attack, raid

atar v to tie (up)

atardecer nm evening, dusk

atención nf attention

atender v to serve, attend to

atener v to abide by, comply with atentado nm (terrorist) attack, offense atento adj attentive, polite

atmósfera nf atmosphere, environment atracción nf attraction

atractivo adj attractive

atractivo nm attraction, charm

atraer v to attract

atrapado adj trapped

atrapar v to trap, catch

atrás adv back, behind, ago

atrasado adj behind, slow

atravesar v to cross

atrever v to dare

atribuir v to attribute

atributo nm attribute, quality

atroz adj atrocious

audacia nf boldness, audacity

audaz adj audacious, bold

audiencia nf audience, hearing

aula nf (el) classroom

aumentar v to increase

aumento nm increase, rise

aun adv even (though), still

aún adv still, yet

aunque conj although, even though ausencia nf absence

ausente adj absent

auténtico adj authentic

auto nm auto, car

autobús nm bus automáticamente adv automatically

automático adj automatic

automóvil nm automobile

autonomía nf autonomy, range

autónomo adj autonomous

autopista nf freeway, motorway

autor nm/f writer, author

autoridad nf authority

autoritario adj authoritarian

autorización nf authorization

autorizado adj authorized

autorizar v to authorize, legalize

auxiliar adj auxiliary, ancillary

auxilio nm help, aid, assistance

avance nm advance, progress

avanzado adj advanced

avanzar v to advance, progress

ave nm bird

avenida nf avenue

aventura nf adventure

aventurar v to venture, risk

averiguar v to investigate, ?nd out

avión nm plane, airplane, aircraft

avisar v to inform, announce

aviso nm warning

ay interj oh no! oh my!

ayer adv yesterday

ayuda nf help, aid

ayudante nc helper, assistant

ayudar v to help

azar nm random, chance, hazard

azúcar nm sugar

azul adj blue

B

bachillerato nm high school diploma

bahía nf bay

bailar v to dance

bailarín nm/f dancer

baile nm dance, ball

bajar v to come down, let down

bajo adj short, low

bajo prep under, underneath

bala nf bullet, shot

balance nm outcome, balance

balanza nf balance, (measuring) scale

balcón nm balcony

ba?ar v to bathe, take a bath

bancario adj bank, banking

banco nm (?nancial) bank, bench

banda nf (musical) band, sash

bandeja nf tray

bandera nf ?ag

bando nm faction, side

ba?o nm bathroom, bath, swim

banquete nm banquet, feast

bar nm (snack) bar, café

barato adj inexpensive

barba nf beard

barbaridad nf atrocity

bárbaro adj savage, horrible

barco nm boat, ship

barra nf bar, rod, rail

barrer v sweep, clean out

barrera nf barrier, obstacle

barrio nm neighborhood, district

barro nm clay, mud

basar v to base on, base upon

base nf base, basis

básicamente adv basically

básico adj basic, essential

bastante adj rather, fairly, quite a bit (adv)

bastar v to be suf?cient

bastón nm (walking) cane

basura nf garbage, rubbish

batalla nf battle

batería nf battery, gun deck

batir v to beat (object)

bautizar v to baptize, christen

bebé nm baby

beber v to drink

bebida nf drink, beverage

beca nf scholarship, grant

bélico adj warlike

belleza nf beauty

bello adj beautiful, ?ne

bendito adj blessed

bene?ciar v to bene?t

bene?cio nm bene?t, pro?t

besar v to kiss

beso nm kiss

bestia nf beast, brute

bíblico adj biblical

biblioteca nf library

bicho nm bug, creature

bicicleta nf bicycle

bien adv well

bien nm goods, property, bene?t

bienestar nm wellbeing, welfare

bigote nm mustache

billete nm ticket, bill, note

biografía nf biography

biológico adj biological

blanco adj white

blando adj soft, limp, gentle

bloque nm block

boca nf mouth, entrance, opening

boda nf marriage, wedding

bodega nf cellar, pantry, warehouse

bola nf ball, sphere

bolsa nf bag, purse, stock exchange

bolsillo nm pocket

bomba nf bomb, explosion, pump

bondad nf goodness, kindness

bonito adj pretty, nice

borde nm edge

bordear v to border

bordo nm a bordo: on board

borrar v to erase

bosque nm forest

bota nf boot, wineskin

bote nm boat, container

botella nf bottle, ?ask

botón nm button

brasile?o adj Brazilian

bravo adj ?erce, angry

brazo nm arm

breve adj brief, short

brevemente adv brie?y

brillante adj brilliant, shiny, sparkling

brillar v to shine, twinkle, be outstanding

brillo nm shine, twinkling, sparkle

brindar v to offer

británico adj British

broma nf joke

bronce nm bronze

brotar v to sprout

bruja nf witch, hag

bruscamente adv quickly, sharply

brusco adj brusque, abrupt, sudden

brutal adj brutal, savage

bruto adj brutal, coarse, clumsy

bueno adj good

bueno adv well…

buey nm ox

bulto nm bulk, shape

buque nm ship, vessel, hull

burla nf mockery, joke, trick

burlar v to mock

burro nm donkey

busca nf search, hunt

buscar v to look for

búsqueda nf search

C

caballería nf cavalry, knighthood caballero nm gentleman, knight caballo nm horse

cabecera nf head, header

cabello nm hair

caber v to ?t (into)

cabeza nf head (part of body)

cabina nf cabin, cockpit

cable nm cable, wiring

cabo nm end, bit; llevar a c.: to carry out cabra nf goat

cada adj each, every

cadáver nm corpse, body

cadena nf chain

cadera nf hip

caer v to fall

café nm coffee, café

caída nf fall, drop, falling

caído adj fallen

caja nf bank, box, safe

cajón nm drawer

cal nf lime, whitewash

calcular v to calculate, ?gure out

cálculo nm calculation, calculus

caldo nm broth, soup

calendario nm calendar

calentar v to warm, heat

calidad nf quality

cálido adj warm

caliente adj hot, warm, spirited

cali?cación nf evaluation, quali?cation cali?car v to grade, rate, qualify callado adj quiet, reserved

callar v to be/make quiet

calle nf street

callejero adj of the street

calma nf calm, lull

calmar v to calm, soothe, relieve

calor nm heat, warmth

calzar v to wear (shoes)

cama nf bed (furniture)

cámara nf camera, chamber

cambiar v to change

cambio nm change

caminar v to walk

camino nm road, route, path

camión nm truck, van, tanker

camisa nf shirt

camiseta nf T-shirt

campamento nm camp, camping campana nf bell

campa?a nf campaign

campeón nm champion

campesino adj rural

campo nm ?eld, country

ca?a nf cane, reed

canal nm channel, canal

cáncer nm cancer

cancha nf playing ?eld, court

canción nf song

candidato nm candidate

ca?ón nm canyon, cannon

cansado adj tired, tiresome cansancio nm tiredness, weariness cansar v to tire, annoy

cantante nc singer cantar v to sing

cantidad nf quantity, amount

canto nm singing, chant

caos nm chaos

capa nf layer, coat

capacidad nf capacity

capaz adj capable, able

capilla nf chapel

capital nmf capital; city (f), money (m)

capitán nm captain, chief

capítulo nm chapter

capricho nm caprice, whim

caprichoso adj capricious, whimsical

captar v to capture, attract

capturar v to capture

cara nf face, expression

carácter nm personality, nature

característica nf characteristic, aspect

característico adj characteristic

caracterizar v to characterize, portray

caramelo nm piece of candy, caramel

carbón nm coal, charcoal

carcajada nf hearty laughter, guffaw

cárcel nf jail, prison

carecer v to be without

carencia nf lack, shortage

carente adj lacking, devoid

carga nf load, charge, cargo

cargar v to load (up), carry

cargo nm position, charge, fee

caridad nf charity

cari?o nm love, affection

cari?oso adj affectionate

carne nf meat, ?esh

caro adj expensive, dif?cult, dear

carrera nf career, course, race

carretera nf highway, road

carro nm car, cart

carta nf letter, (playing) card

cartel nm poster

cartera nf wallet, satchel

cartón nm cardboard, carton, sketch

casa nf house

casado adj married

casar v to marry

casco nm helmet

casero adj homemade

casi adv almost, nearly

casita nf cottage

caso nm case, occasion

castellano adj Castilian, Spanish

castigar v to punish

castigo nm punishment, penalty

castillo nm castle

casualidad nf chance, coincidence

catalán adj Catalan

catálogo nm catalog

catástrofe nf catastrophe

cátedra nf academic chair

catedral nf cathedral

categoría nf category

católico adj Catholic

catorce num fourteen

cauce nm (river) bed, ditch

caudal nm volume, abundance

causa nf cause

causar v to cause, bring about

cautela nf caution

caza nf hunting (game)

cazador nm/f hunter

cazar v to hunt

ceder v to give way, yield

ceja nf eyebrow, brow

celebración nf celebration

celebrar v to celebrate

célebre adj famous, renowned

celeste adj heavenly, sky-blue

celo nm jealousy, zeal

celoso adj jealous

célula nf cell (biology)

cementerio nm cemetery, graveyard

cemento nm cement, concrete

cena nf dinner

cenar v to dine

ce?ir v to adhere to, ?t tightly

ceniza nf ash

censura nf censorship, criticism

centavo nm cent

centenar nm hundred

centímetro nm centimeter

central adj central

central nf headquarters

centrar v to center, focus, base (on)

centro nm center, middle, downtown

cera nf wax

cerca adv close, near

cercanía nf nearness, proximity

cercano adj near

cerco nm fence, circle, ring

cerdo nm pig, sow, slob

cerebral adj cerebral

cerebro nm brain

ceremonia nf ceremony

cero num zero, naught, nil

cerrado adj closed

cerrar v to close

cerro nm hill

certeza nf certainty

cerveza nf beer, ale

cesar v to cease, stop

chaqueta nf jacket

charla nf talk, chat

charlar v to chat, talk

chica nf girl, female

chico nm boy

chileno adj Chilean

chimenea nf chimney, ?replace

chino adj Chinese

chiquillo nm kid, youngster

chispa nf spark

chiste nm joke, funny story

chocar v to crash into, collide with

chocolate nm chocolate

choque nm crash, collision

chorro nm stream, jet, spurt

chupar v to suck

ciclo nm cycle

ciego adj blind

cielo nm sky, heaven, ceiling

ciencia nf science, knowledge

cientí?co adj scienti?c

cientí?co nm/f scientist

ciento num hundred

cierre nm zipper, closing

ciertamente adv certainly, indeed

cierto adj certain, sure, true

cifra nf ?gure, number, amount

cigarrillo nm cigarette

cima nf summit, peak, top

cinco num ?ve

cincuenta num ?fty

cine nm cinema, US movie theater

cinta nf tape, ribbon, ?lm, strip

cintura nf waist

cinturón nm belt

circo nm circus

circuito nm circuit, circumference, track circulación nf circulation, traf?c

circular adj circular

circular v to circulate, go around, ?ow

círculo nm circle, club

circunstancia nf circumstance

cirujano nm/f surgeon

cita nf appointment, date, quotation citar v to cite, quote

ciudad nf city

ciudadano adj community, citizen ciudadano nm citizen

civil adj civil

civil nc civilian

civilización nf civilization

civilizado adj civilized

clandestino adj undercover, clandestine claramente adv clearly

claridad nf clearness, clarity

claro adj clear

claro adv of course, clearly

clase nf kind, class, order

clásico adj classic

clasi?cación nf classi?cation

clasi?car v to classify, sort, ?le

clavar v to nail

clave adj key

clave nf key

clavo nm nail, tack, peg

cliente nc client, customer

clientela nf customers, clients

clima nm climate

clínica nf clinic

clínico adj clinical

club nm club, society

cobrar v to charge (money)

cobre nm copper

coche nm car, carriage

cocina nf kitchen

cocinar v to cook

cocinero nm/f cook

coco nm coconut

código nm code

codo nm elbow

coger v to hold, take, catch

coherente adj coherent, connected cohete nm rocket

coincidencia nf coincidence

coincidir v to coincide, agree

cola nf line, queue, tail

colaboración nf collaboration colaborador nm collaborator colaborar v to collaborate, work together colar v to slip in [se]

colchón nm mattress

colección nf collection

colectivo adj collective, joint

colectivo nm collective, group

colega nc colleague

colegio nm (high) school, college

cólera nmf rage (f), cholera (m) colgado adj hanging

colgar v to hang (up)

colina nf hill, slope

collar nm collar, necklace

colmo nm climax; para colmo: to top it all colocar v to place, position colombiano adj Colombian

colonia nf colony, cologne

colonial adj colonial

color nm color

colorado adj red, colored

columna nf column, spine coma nmf comma (f), coma (m)

comandante nm commander, commanding

comando nm command, order

combate nm combat, battle, ?ght

combatir v to ?ght against

combinación nf combination

combinado adj combined

combinar v to combine

comedia nf comedy, play, pretense

comedor nm dining room

comentar v to comment on

comentario nm remark, comment

comenzar v to begin, start

comer v to eat

comercial adj commercial, shopping

comerciante nc merchant, businessman

comercio nm commerce, trade

cometa nmf comet (m), kite (f)

cometer v to commit

cómico adj comic

comida nf food, meal

comienzo nm start, beginning

comisario nm commissioner, delegate

comisión nf commission, committee

cómo adv how?

como conj like, as

comodidad nf comfort, convenience

cómodo adj comfortable, convenient

compacto adj compact, dense

compa?era nf female companion

compa?ero nm companion, classmate

compa?ía nf company

comparable adj comparable

comparación nf comparison

comparar v to compare

compartir v to share

compás nm rhythm, time, compass

compatriota nc fellow countryman

compensación nf compensation

compensar v to compensate, make up for

competencia nf competition, contest

competir v to compete

complacer v to please, satisfy

complejidad nf complexity

complejo adj complex, complicated

complejo nm complex

complementar v to complement, supplement

complementario adj additional,

complementary

complemento nm complement, supplement

completamente adv completely

completar v to complete

completo adj complete

complicación nf complication

complicado adj complicated, complex

complicar v to complicate, make dif?cult

cómplice nc accomplice

complicidad nf involvement, complicity

componente nm component, ingredient

componer v to compose, be part of

comportamiento nm behavior, conduct

comportar v to behave

composición nf composition, make-up, essay

compra nf shopping, buy, purchase

comprador nm buyer

comprar v to buy

comprender v to understand

comprensible adj understandable

comprensión nf understanding

comprensivo adj understanding

comprobar v to verify, prove

comprometer v to compromise

comprometido adj committed, engaged

compromiso nm compromise, engagement

compuesto adj composite, mixed

computadora nf computer

común adj common

comunicación nf communication

comunicar v to communicate

comunidad nf community

comunión nf communion

comunismo nm communism

comunista adj Communist

comunitario adj of the community

con prep with

concebir v to conceive, understand

conceder v to grant, concede

concentración nf concentration, gathering

concentrar v to concentrate

concepción nf conception

concepto nm concept

concesión nf awarding, concession

conciencia nf conscience, consciousness

concierto nm concert, concerto

concluir v to conclude, ?nish

conclusión nf conclusion, end

concretamente adv speci?cally, exactly

concretar v to materialize, ful?ll

concreto adj concrete, real

concurrencia nf coming together, participation

concurrir v to coincide, concur, meet

concurso nm competition, gathering

condena nf sentence (in prison), penalty

condenar v to convict, condemn

condición nf condition

condicionado adj conditioned

condicionar v to condition, determine

conducir v to lead, drive

conducta nf conduct, behavior

conductor nm/f driver, conductor

conectar v to connect, plug in

conejo nm rabbit

conexión nf connection, relationship

conferencia nf conference, lecture

conferir v to confer

confesar v to confess, admit

confesión nf confession, admission

con?anza nf con?dence, trust

con?ar v to trust, con?de

con?gurar v to make up, comprise

con?rmar v to con?rm

con?icto nm con?ict

conformar v to conform

conforme adj in agreement

confundido adj confused

confundir v to confuse

confusión nf confusion

confuso adj confused, mixed up

congelado adj frozen

congreso nm congress

conjunto nm group, set

conmigo pron with me

conmover v to move, affect

conocedor nm expert, judge, connoisseur

conocer v to know (someone or place)

conocido adj known, well-known

conocimiento nm knowledge

conquista nf conquest

conquistar v to conquer, win (over)

consagrado adj dedicated, consecrated

consagrar v to consecrate, establish

consciente adj conscious, aware

consecuencia nf consequence

conseguir v to get, acquire, obtain

consejero nm/f advisor, counselor

consejo nm advice, council, counsel

consentir v to consent to, pamper conservación nf conservation

conservador adj conservative

conservar v to conserve, preserve considerable adj considerable

consideración nf consideration, regard considerar v to consider

consigna nf watchword, motto, slogan consiguiente adj consequent; por consiguiente: consequently

consistencia nf consistency

consistir v to consist of

consolar v to console

consolidar v to consolidate

conspiración nf conspiracy

constancia nf perseverance

constante adj constant

constantemente adv constantly

constar v to consist of, comprise

constatar v to prove, verify

constitución nf constitution

constitucional adj constitutional

constituir v to constitute, consist of construcción nf construction

constructivo adj constructive

construir v to construct, build

consuelo nm comfort, consolation

consulta nf consultation, advice

consultar v to consult

consumar v to complete, carry out

consumir v to consume, take in

consumo nm consumption

contacto nm contact

contagiar v to infect, infest

contar v to tell, count

contemplar v to contemplate

contemporáneo adj contemporary

contener v to contain

contenido nm contents, content

contento adj happy, content

contestación nf answer

contestar v to answer, reply

contexto nm context

contienda nf contest, dispute

contigo pron with you

continente nm continent

continuación nf continuation, follow-up continuamente adv continuously

continuar v to continue

continuidad nf continuity

continuo adj continuous

contorno nm outline, perimeter, edge

contra prep against, opposite

contradecir v to contradict, be inconsistent contradicción nf contradiction contradictorio adj contradictory

contraer v to contract, shrink, abbreviate contrario adj contrary, opposite

contrastar v to contrast

contraste nm contrast

contratar v to hire, contract

contrato nm contract, agreement

contribución nf contribution

contribuir v to contribute

control nm control

controlar v to control

contundente adj decisive, blunt, forceful convencer v to convince, persuade convencido adj convinced, persuaded convencimiento nm convincing

convención nf convention, assembly convencional adj conventional conveniencia nf convenience, usefulness conveniente adj convenient

convenir v to be agreeable, be convenient

convento nm convent, monastery

conversación nf conversation

conversar v to converse, talk

convertir v to convert, change, become

convicción nf conviction

convincente adj convincing

convivencia nf coexistence, living together

convivir v to coexist

convocar v to convene, summon

cooperación nf cooperation

copa nf cup, glass, top (tree)

copia nf copy

copiar v to copy

coraje nm courage, toughness

corazón nm heart, core

corbata nf tie, sash

cordial adj cordial, friendly

cordillera nf mountain range

cordón nm cord, yarn, braid

coro nm choir, chorus

corona nf crown

coronar v to crown, top

coronel nm colonel

corporal adj of the body, corporal

corral nm corral, yard

corrección nf correction, amendment

correctamente adv correctly

correcto adj correct, suitable

corredor nm/f broker, corridor, runner

corregir v to correct, rectify

corre o nm mail, post (of?ce)

correr v to run

correspondencia nf correspondence,

connection

corresponder v to correspond with

correspondiente adj corresponding

corriente adj current, common

corriente nf current, ?ow

corrupción nf corruption

cortar v to cut

corte nmf court (f), cut (m)

cortesía nf courtesy

corteza nf bark, crust, rind, peel

cortina nf curtain, screen

corto adj short, brief

cosa nf thing

cosecha nf harvest, crop

coser v to sew

costa nf coast

costado nm side, ?ank

costar v to cost, be hard

costo nm price, cost, expense

costoso adj costly, expensive

costumbre nf habit, custom, usage

cotidiano adj daily

cráneo nm skull, cranium

creación nf creation

creador nm creator

crear v to create

creativo adj creative

crecer v to grow, increase

creciente adj growing, increasing

crecimiento nm growth, increase

crédito nm credit, reputation

creencia nf belief

creer v to believe, think

crema nf cream

cría nf breeding, raising

criar v to bring up, rear

criatura nf creature, child

crimen nm crime, murder

criminal adj criminal

criminal nc criminal

crisis nf crisis

cristal nm glass, crystal, window

cristiano adj Christian

criterio nm criterion

crítica nf criticism, critique

criticar v to criticize

crítico adj critical

crítico nm critic

crónica nf account, chronicle

crónico adj chronic

cruce nm crossing, intersection

crudo adj raw, crude, natural

cruel adj cruel, harsh

crueldad nf cruelty, harshness

cruz nf cross, burden

cruzar v to cross

cuaderno nm notebook, workbook

cuadra nf (city) block

cuadrado adj square

cuadro nm painting, picture

cual pron which, who, whom

cuál pron which?

cualidad nf quality, attribute

cualquier adj any, anyone (pron)

cuando adv when

cuándo adv when?

cuando conj when

cuanto adj en cuanto a: in terms of, regarding

cuánto adj how much?

cuarenta num forty

cuartel nm quarters, barracks

cuarto adj fourth

cuarto nm room, chamber

cuatro num four

cubano adj Cuban

cubierta nf covering, top, lid

cubierto adj covered

cubrir v to cover

cuchillo nm knife

cuello nm neck, collar

cuenca nf socket, basin, bowl

cuenta nf bill, account

cuento nm story, tale

cuerda nf cord, rope

cuerno nm horn, antler

cuero nm leather, skin

cuerpo nm body

cuestión nf question, matter

cuestionar v to question

cueva nf cave

cuidado nm care, carefulness

cuidadosamente av carefully

cuidadoso adj careful, cautious

cuidar v to take care of

culminar v to culminate, accomplish

culpa nf blame, fault

culpable adj guilty

cultivar v to cultivate, produce

cultivo nm cultivation, crop

culto adj cultured, educated

culto nm worship, cult

cultura nf culture

cultural adj cultural

cumbre nf summit, top

cumplea?os nm birthday

cumplimiento nm ful?llment, compliment

cumplir v to ful?ll

cuna nf cradle, birth, lineage

cuota nf quota, share, dues

cúpula nf cupola, dome

cura nmf priest (m), cure (f)

curar v to cure

curiosamente adv strangely, funnily enough curiosidad nf curiosity, quaintness

curioso adj curious, strange

curso nm course, direction

curva nf curve

cuyo adj whose

D

dado adj given

dama nf lady, dame

da?ar v to damage

da?o nm harm, injury, damage

danza nf dance

dar v to give

dato nm data, fact

de prep of, from

debajo adv underneath, below

debate nm debate

debatir v to debate, discuss

deber nm duty, obligation

deber v should, ought to; to owe debidamente adv properly, duly

debido adj debido a: due to

débil adj weak

debilidad nf weakness

debilitar v to weaken, debilitate

década nf decade

decadencia nf decline, decay

decaer v to decay, wane

decena nf ten (of something)

decente adj respectable, decent

decepción nf disappointment, disenchantment decididamente adv decidedly, decisively decidido adj determined, resolute

decidir v to decide

décimo adj tenth

decir v to tell, say

decisión nf decision

decisivo adj decisive, conclusive

declaración nf declaration, statement declarar v to declare, testify

decoración nf decoration

decreto nm decree, order

dedicación nf dedication, devotion

dedicar v to dedicate, devote

dedo nm ?nger, toe, digit

deducir v to deduce, infer

defecto nm defect

defender v to defend, protect

defensa nf defense, plea

defensivo adj defensive

defensor nm defender

de?nición nf de?nition

de?nido adj de?nite

de?nir v to de?ne

de?nitivamente adv de?nitely, ?nally

de?nitivo adj de?nitive, conclusive

dejar v to let, leave

delante adv (in) front (of), ahead

delgado adj thin, skinny

delicadeza nf gentleness, tenderness delicado adj delicate

delicioso adj delicious, delightful, charming delincuente nc delinquent

delirio nm delirium, nonsense

delito nm crime, offense

demanda nf petition, request, demand demandar v to claim, sue

demás adj the rest, others

demasiado adj too much, too many democracia nf democracy

democrático adj democratic

demonio nm demon, devil demorar v to delay, take time

demostración nf demonstration

demostrar v to show, demonstrate

denominación nf name, denomination

denominar v to call, name

densidad nf density, thickness

denso adj heavy, dense, thick

dentro adv inside

denuncia nf accusation

denunciar v to denounce

departamento nm department, apartment

dependencia nf dependence, dependency

depender v to depend on

deporte nm sport

deportivo adj sports, sporty

depositar v to deposit, place, store

depósito nm deposit, sediment

depresión nf depression, slump

derecha nf right, right hand

derecho adj right, straight

derecho nm right, justice, law

derivar v to derive, come (from)

derramar v to shed, pour out

derribar v to knock down, overthrow

derrota nf defeat, loss

derrotar v to defeat, beat

derrumbar v to knock down, demolish

desacuerdo nm disagreement

desa?ar v to defy, stand up to

desafío nm challenge, provocation

desagradable adj unpleasant

desaparecer v to disappear, vanish

desaparecido adj missing

desaparición nf disappearance

desarrollado adj developed, grown

desarrollar v to develop

desarrollo nm development

desastre nm disaster

desatar v to untie, unleash, spark off

desayunar v to have breakfast

desayuno nm breakfast

desbordar v to over?ow, spill over

descalzo adj barefoot

descansar v to rest

descanso nm rest, interval, break

descarga nf unloading, discharge

descargar v to unleash, unload

descartar v to discard, reject, rule out

descender v to descend

descendiente nc descendant

descenso nm decline, descent, lowering

descifrar v to decipher

descomponer v to decompose, break down

desconcertado adj disoriented, disconcerted

desconcierto nm disorder, chaos

descon?anza nf dist rust

desconocer v to not know, not recognize

desconocido adj unknown

describir v to describe

descripción nf description

descubrimiento nm discovery

descubrir v to discover

descuidar v to neglect

descuido nm neglect, oversight

desde prep from, since

deseable adj desirable

desear v to want, desire, wish for

desechar v to discard

desembocar v to ?ow, lead into

desempe?ar v to carry out, ful?ll

desencadenar v to unleash, unchain

desenlace nm outcome, result

desenvolver v to clear up, unwrap

deseo nm desire, wish

desequilibrio nm imbalance, unsteadiness

desesperación nf desperation, exasperation

desesperado adj desperate, hopeless

desesperar v to despair, lose hope

des?lar v to march, parade

des?le nm parade, line, formation

desgracia nf misfortune, bad luck

desgraciadamente adv unfortunately

deshacer v to undo, destroy, take apart

desierto adj deserted, desolate

desierto nm desert

designar v to designate

desigual adj unequal, uneven, irregular

desilusión nf disappointment, letdown

deslizar v to slide, glide, slip

desmentir v to contradict

desnudo adj nude, naked

desorden nm disorder, mess

desordenado adj messy, confused

despacho nm of?ce, study

despacio adj slow, slowly

despedida nf goodbye, farewell

despedir v to say goodbye (to), dismiss

despejar v to clear (up)

desperdicio nm waste, refuse, garbage

despertar v to wake (up), arouse

despierto adj awake

desplazamiento nm movement, removal

desplazar v to replace, move, shift

desplegar v to unfold, deploy

despliegue nm deployment, display

despojar v to deprive, rob

despreciar v to despise, scorn

desprecio nm contempt, disdain

desprender v to detach, release, remove

después adv after

destacado adj outstanding, leading

destacar v to emphasize, stand out

destinar v to assign, appoint

destino nm destination, destiny

destreza nf skill

destrozar v to rip/break into pieces

destrucción nf destruction

destruido adj destroyed

destruir v to destroy, ruin

desviar v to deviate, divert, change

detallado adj detailed, thorough

detalle nm detail

detectar v to detect

detención nf detention, arrest

detener v to stop, detain

deteriorar v to deteriorate

deterioro nm deterioration, damage

determinación nf determination

determinado adj determined, ?xed

determinar v to determine, decide

detrás adv behind

deuda nf debt

devoción nf devotion

devolver v to return, give back

devorar v to devour, consume

día nm day

diablo nm devil

diagnóstico nm diagnosis

dialogar v to confer, talk

diálogo nm dialogue, conversation

diamante nm diamond

diariamente adv daily

diario adj daily

diario nm newspaper

dibujar v to draw, sketch

dibujo nm drawing, sketch

diccionario nm dictionary

dicha nf fortune, happiness, luck

dicho adj aforementioned, said

dicho nm saying, proverb

dichoso adj fortunate, happy diciembre nm December

dictador nm dictator

dictadura nf dictatorship

dictar v to dictate, announce dieciocho num eighteen

dieciséis num sixteen

diecisiete num seventeen

diente nm tooth, cog

dieta nf diet

diez num ten

diferencia nf difference

diferenciar v to differentiate, distinguish diferente adj different, separate

difícil adj dif?cult, hard

difícilmente adv with dif?culty

di?cultad nf dif?culty, obstacle

difundir v to spread (out)

difusión nf spread, diffusion

dignidad nf dignity

digno adj worthy

diligencia nf diligence

diluir v to dilute, weaken

dimensión nf dimension, size

diminuto adj diminutive, tiny, minute dinámica nf dynamics

dinámico adj dynamic

dinero nm money

dios nm god, divinity

diplomático adj diplomatic

diplomático nm/f diplomat

diputado nm deputy, member

dirección nf direction, address directamente adv directly, straight away directo adj direct, straight

director nm/f director, manager, principal dirigente nc leader, director, manager dirigir v to direct, manage

disciplina nf discipline, subject

discípulo nm disciple

disco nm disc, disk, record

discreto adj discreet, tactful

disculpa nf apology, excuse

disculpar v to excuse

discurrir v to ?ow, pass, roam

discurso nm lecture, discourse, talk discusión nf discussion, argument discutir v to argue, discuss

dise?ar v to design, develop

dise?o nm design

disfrazado adj disguised

disfrazar v to disguise, hide, conceal disfrutar v to enjoy

disgusto nm disgust, annoyance disimular v to disguise, hide, pretend disipar v to dissipate, disperse disminuir v to decrease, diminish disolver v to dissolve

disparar v to shoot (at)

disparate nm nonsense, blunder disparo nm shot, discharge

dispersar v to disperse, scatter, spread disperso adj spread out

disponer v to have means, dispose disponible adj available

disposición nf disposal, disposition dispuesto adj willing, ready

disputa nf dispute, argument, quarrel disputar v to dispute, contest distancia nf distance

distante adj distant, far, remote

distinción nf distinction

distinguido adj distinguished

distinguir v to distinguish

distinto adj distinct, different

distracción nf distraction, amusement

distraer v to distract

distribución nf distribution

distribuir v to distribute, deliver

diversidad nf diversity, variety

diversión nf fun, entertainment

diverso adj different, several, diverse

divertido adj funny, amusing

divertir v to amuse, entertain

dividir v to divide

divino adj divine

división nf division

divorcio nm divorce

doblar v to bend, turn

doble adj double

doble nm double

doce num twelve

docena nf dozen

doctor nm/f doctor

doctrina nf doctrine, teachings

documentación nf documentation

documento nm document

dólar nm dollar

doler v to hurt

dolor nm pain, ache, sorrow

doloroso adj painful

doméstico adj domestic

domicilio nm residence, address

dominante adj dominant, prevailing

dominar v to dominate, master

domingo nm Sunday

dominio nm power, control

don nm courtesy title (m), Mr., gift

do?a nf courtesy title (f), Mrs.

dónde adv where?

donde conj where

dorado adj golden, gold-plated

dormido adj asleep, sleeping

dormir v to sleep

dormitorio nm bedroom, dormitory

dos num two

doscientos num two hundred

dosis nf dose

dotado adj endowed, gifted

dotar v to endow, bestow

drama nm drama

dramático adj dramatic

droga nf drug

duda nf doubt

dudar v to (have) doubt

dudoso adj doubtful, dubious

duelo nm grief, af?iction

due?a nf landlady, owner (f)

due?o nm owner, landlord (m)

dulce adj sweet

dulce nm candy, sweets

duración nf duration, length

duramente adv harshly, severely

durante adv during, for (time)

durar v to last

dureza nf hardness, toughness

duro adj hard

duro nm duro (money)

E

echar v to throw, cast

eclesiástico adj ecclesiastical

eco nm echo, response

economía nf economy, economics, thriftiness

económicamente adv economically

económico adj economic

economista nm/f economist

edad nf age

edición nf edition, publication

edi?cación nf construction, building

edi?cio nm building

editar v to edit, publish, release

editor nm/f editor, publisher

editorial nmf publisher (f), editorial article (m)

educación nf education

educado adj educated

educar v to educate

educativo adj educational

efectivamente adv in fact, actually, indeed

efectivo adj effective

efecto nm effect

efectuar v to carry out, cause to happen

e?cacia nf ef?ciency, effectiveness

e?caz adj effective

e?ciencia nf ef?ciency

e?ciente adj ef?cient

efímero adj ephemeral, short-lived

egoísmo nm sel?shness

egoísta adj sel?sh

eh interj eh

eje nm axis, shaft, crux

ejecución nf performance, execution

ejecutar v to execute, carry out

ejecutivo adj executive

ejemplar adj exemplary, model

ejemplar nm copy, issue

ejemplo nm example

ejercer v to practice, exercise

ejercicio nm exercise, practice

ejército nm army

él pron he, [ellos] them (m)

el, la art the

elaboración nf production

elaborar v to make, develop

elección nf election, choice

electoral adj electoral

electricidad nf electricity

eléctrico adj electric

electrónico adj electronic

elefante nm elephant

elegancia nf elegance, style

elegante adj elegant, smart, stylish

elegir v to choose, elect

elemental adj elemental, basic

elemento nm element

elevación nf rise, elevation, increase

elevado adj elevated, high, lofty

elevar v to elevate, raise

eliminar v to eliminate, exclude

ella pron she, [ellas] them (f)

ello pron it (subj-n)

elocuente adj eloquent

elogio nm praise, eulogy, compliment

eludir v to evade, avoid, elude

embajada nf embassy

embajador nm/f ambassador

embarazada adj pregnant

embarazo nm pregnancy

embarcar v to embark, load

embargo nm sin embargo: nevertheless

emergencia nf emergency

emerger v to emerge, surface

emigrar v to emigrate

emisión nf broadcast, emission

emisor nm transmitter, emitter

emitir v to emit, give (off)

emoción nf emotion, excitement emocional adj emotional

emocionar v to move, make/get excited empe?ar v [se] to insist on

empe?o nm insistence, determination emperador nm emperor

empezar v to begin, start

empleado nm employee

emplear v to employ

empleo nm work, job, occupation emprender v to undertake, embark on empresa nf ?rm, company, venture empresario nm manager, entrepreneur empujar v to push, shove

en prep in, on

enamorado adj in love

enamorar v to fall in love

encabezar v to head, lead (off) encajar v to insert, ?t well

encaje nm lace

encaminar v to head for, guide encantado adj pleased, delighted encantador adj charming

encantar v to be very pleasing to encanto nm charm, spell

encarar v to front, confront encargado adj in charge of

encargar v to entrust, [se] take charge of encargo nm job, order, errand encarnar v to embody

encender v to turn on

encendido adj turned on, burning encerrado adj locked (up)

encerrar v to shut (in)

encima adv above, on top, in addition encomendar v to commend, entrust encontrar v to ?nd

encuentro nm meeting, game, skirmish encuesta nf poll, survey, inquiry endurecer v harden, make hard enemigo nm enemy

energía nf energy, power

enérgico adj energetic, vigorous

enero nm January

énfasis nm emphasis

enfermar v to become ill enfermedad nf illness, sickness enfermero nm/f nurse

enfermo adj ill, sick

enfocar v to focus

enfoque nm focus, approach enfrentamiento nm confrontation enfrentar v to confront, face

enfrente adv in front (of)

enfriar v to cool

enga?ar v to trick, deceive

enga?o nm deceit, falsehood, hoax engendrar v to engender, beget engordar v to fatten, get fat

enigma nm enigma, mystery

enlace nm link, connection, bond enlazar v to link, connect

enorme adj enormous, vast enormemente adv enormously enredar v to entangle, ensnare enriquecer v to enrich

ensayar v to test

ensayo nm essay, rehearsal enseguida adv immediately, at once ense?anza nf teaching, instruction ense?ar v to teach, show

ensuciar v to get dirty

entablar v to start, establish ente nm entity, being, ?rm

entender v to understand

entendido adj understood

entendimiento nm understanding

enterado adj aware of

enteramente adv completely, entirely

enterar v to ?nd out [se]

entero adj entire, whole, complete

enterrado adj buried

enterrar v to bury

entidad nf entity

entierro nm burial

entonces adv so, then

entorno nm environment, surroundings

entrada nf entrance, admission ticket

entra?as nf insides, bowels

entrar v to enter

entre prep between, among

entrega nf delivery

entregar v to deliver

entrenamiento nm training

entrenar v to train

entretener v to entertain, amuse

entretenimiento nm entertainment

entrevista nf interview, meeting

entrevistar v to interview

entusiasmado adj enthused, excited

entusiasmar v to ?ll with enthusiasm, excite

entusiasmo nm enthusiasm

entusiasta adj enthusiastic

enumerar v to enumerate, count

envergadura nf breadth, expanse

enviar v to send

envidia nf envy

envidiar v to envy

envolver v to wrap

envuelto adj wrapped

episodio nm episode, incident

época nf time, age, period

equilibrar v to balance

equilibrio nm balance

equipo nm team, equipment, out?t

equivalente adj equivalent

equivalente nm equivalent

equivaler v to be equivalent, tantamount (to)

equivocación nf mistake, misconception

equivocado adj mistaken, wrong

equivocar v to be wrong

era nf era, age

erótico adj erotic

error nm error, mistake

escala nf scale, ladder, rank

escalera nf stairs, ladder

escándalo nm scandal

escapar v to escape

escaparate nm showcase, display window

escasez nf scarcity, shortage

escaso adj scarce, very little

escena nf scene, stage, setting

escenario nm stage, setting, scene

esclavo nm slave

escoger v to choose

escolar adj school, scholastic

esconder v to hide, conceal

escondido adj hidden

escribir v to write

escrito nm manuscript, writing

escritor nm/f writer

escritorio nm desk, bureau

escritura nf writing, scripture

escuchar v to listen to

escudo nm shield, coat of arms

escuela nf school

escultura nf sculpture, carving

ese adj that (m) [esa (f)]

ése pron that one (m), [ésa (f)]

esencia nf essence

esencial adj essential

esencialmente adv essentially

esfera nf sphere, globe

esforzar v to make an effort, exert oneself

esfuerzo nm effort, endeavor

eso pron that (n)

espacial adj spatial, space

espacio nm space, room

espada nf sword

espalda nf back (body)

espa?ol adj Spanish

espantar v to scare, frighten

espantoso adj frightening, dreadful

especial adj special

especialidad nf specialty, specialized ?eld

especialista nc specialist

especializar v to specialize, major in

especialmente adv especially

especie nf kind, sort, species

especí?camente adv speci?cally

especí?co adj speci?c

espectacular adj spectacular

espectáculo nm spectacle, show

espectador nm spectator, onlooker

espectro nm ghost, specter

especulación nf speculation, conjecture

espejo nm mirror, re?ection

espera nf wait

esperanza nf hope

esperar v to wait, hope (for), expect

espeso adj thick, dense, stiff

espina nf thorn, spine

espíritu nm spirit, ghost

espiritual adj spiritual

espléndido adj splendid, generous

esplendor nm splendor

espontáneamente adv spontaneously

espontáneo adj spontaneous

esporádico adj sporadic

esposa nf wife

esposo nm husband, spouse

espuma nf foam, lather

esqueleto nm skeleton, framework

esquema nm outline, diagram, plan

esquina nf corner

estabilidad nf stability

estable adj stable, steady

establecer v to establish

establecido adj established

establecimiento nm establishment

estación nf station, season

estadio nm stadium

estadística nf statistic

estadístico adj statistical

estado nm state, condition, status

estallar v to break out, explode, start

estallido nm crash, outbreak, explosion

estampa nf print, engraving, illustration

estancia nf stay, stance, ranch

estar v to be (location, change from norm)

estatal adj state, government-owned

estático adj static, motionless

estatua nf statue

estatura nf stature, height

este adj this (m) [esta (f)]

este n East

éste pron this one (m), [ésta (f)]

estéril adj sterile, barren

estética nf aesthetics

estético adj esthetic

estilo nm style

estimar v to estimate, hold in esteem estimular v to stimulate, encourage

estímulo nm stimulus, encouragement estirar v to stretch, strain

esto pron this (n)

estómago nm stomach

estrategia nf strategy

estratégico adj strategic

estrechar v to tighten, make closer estrecho adj narrow

estrella nf star

estrenar v to use for the ?rst time, debut estrictamente adv strictly

estricto adj strict, rigorous

estropear v to ruin, mess up estructura nf structure

estudiante nc student

estudiar v to study

estudio nm study, learning

estudioso adj studious

estupendo adj marvelous, stupendous estupidez nf stupidity, stupid thing

estúpido adj stupid, idiotic

etapa nf stage, period

etcétera n etcetera

eternidad nf eternity

eterno adj eternal

ética nf ethics

ético adj ethical

etiqueta nf label, etiquette

euforia nf euphoria, elation

europeo adj European

evaluar v to evaluate, assess

evento nm event

evidencia nf evidence, certainty evidente adj evident, obvious evidentemente adv evidently, obviously evitar v to avoid, prevent

evocar v to evoke, recall

evolución nf evolution, development evolucionar v to evolve, develop exactamente adv exactly

exactitud nf accuracy

exacto adj exact, faithful, true exageración nf exaggeration exagerado adj exaggerated

exagerar v to exaggerate

examen nm examination, exam examinar v to examine, inspect exceder v to excel, exceed excelencia nf excellence

excelente adj excellent

excepción nf exception

excepcional adj exceptional, unusual excepto prep except (for) excesivamente adv excessively excesivo adj excessive

exceso nm excess

excitar v to excite

excluir v to exclude, reject exclusivamente adv exclusively exclusivo adj exclusive

excursión nf excursion

excusa nf excuse

exento adj exempt, free

exhibición nf exhibition, showing exhibir v to exhibit, show off exigencia nf requirement, demand exigente adj demanding, urgent

exigir v to demand

exilio nm exile existencia nf existence, life

existente adj existing

existir v to exist

éxito nm success

exótico adj exotic

expandir v to expand

expansión nf expansion, spreading

expectativa nf expectation, hope, prospect

expedición nf expedition

expediente nm dossier, proceedings

experiencia nf experience

experimental adj experimental

experimentar v to experience, experiment

experimento nm experiment

experto nm expert

explicación nf explanation

explicar v to explain

explícito adj explicit

exploración nf exploration

explorar v to explore

explosión nf explosion

explotación nf exploitation, cultivation

explotar v to explode, exploit

exponer v to expound, expose

exportación nf export, exportation

exposición nf exhibition, display

expresar v to express

expresión nf expression

expresivo adj expressive

expreso adj express, explicit

expulsar v to expel, throw out

expulsión nf expulsion, ejection

exquisito adj exquisite, superb

extender v to extend, spread

extensión nf extension, area, expanse

extenso adj extensive, large

exterior adj exterior, outside

exterior nm exterior, outside

externo adj external, outward

extinción nf extinction

extinguir v to extinguish, put out

extra adj extra

extraer v to extract, take out

extra?ar v to miss, long for

extranjero adj foreign, alien

extranjero nm foreigner

extra?o adj strange, foreign

extraordinariamente adv extraordinarily

extraordinario adj extraordinary, exceptional

extremadamente adv extremely

extremo adj extreme

extremo nm edge, border, end

F

fábrica nf factory, manufacture

fabricación nf manufacture, production

fabricar v to manufacture

fabuloso adj fabulous, fantastic

facción nf (face) feature, faction

fachada nf front of a building

fácil adj easy

facilidad nf ease, facility

facilitar v to facilitate

fácilmente adv easily

factor nm factor, cause, in?uence

factura nf invoice, bill

facultad nf faculty, ability

faena nf task, job, performance

falda nf skirt

falla nf ?aw, failure

fallar v to fail, miss

fallecer v to pass away (to die)

fallo nm mistake, blunder, fault

falso adj false

falta nf lack, shortage

faltar v to be lacking

fama nf reputation, fame

familia nf family

familiar adj familiar, of the family

familiar nm relative

famoso adj famous, well-known

fantasía nf fantasy, fancy

fantasma nm ghost, phantom

fantástico adj fantastic, unreal

farmacia nf pharmacy, drugstore

fascinante adj fascinating

fascinar v to fascinate

fase nf phase, stage

fatal adj fateful, deadly, awful

fatiga nf fatigue

favor nm favor, bene?t

favorable adj favorable, suitable

favorecer v to favor, help

favorito adj favorite

fe nf faith

febrero nm February

fecha nf date, day

felicidad nf happiness

felicitar v to congratulate

feliz adj happy, fortunate

femenino adj feminine, female

fenómeno nm phenomenon

feo adj ugly, nasty, rude

feria nf fair, festival

feroz adj ferocious, ?erce

ferrocarril nm railway

fértil adj fertile, rich

?ar v to vouch for, con?de, trust

?bra nf ?ber, grain

?cción nf ?ction

?cha nf index card, chip, token

?delidad nf faithfulness, accuracy

?ebre nf fever, excitement

?el adj faithful, loyal

?era nf (wild) beast

?esta nf party, feast

?gura nf ?gure

?gurar v to appear, represent, ?gure (in)

?jar v to set, ?x, [se] notice

?jo adj ?xed, steady

?la nf line, row, ?le

?lo nm (cutting) edge

?losofía nf philosophy

?losó?co adj philosophical

?lósofo nm philosopher

?ltrar v to seep, ?lter

?n nm end

?nal adj ?nal

?nal nmf al ?nal: ?nally, in the end

?nalidad nf purpose, aim

?nalizar v to end, ?nalize

?nalmente adv ?nally, at last

?nanciar v to ?nance

?nanciero adj ?nancial

?nca nf property, estate

?ngir v to feign, pretend

?no adj ?ne, delicate

?rma nf company, signature, signing

?rmar v to sign

?rme adj ?rm, steady

?rmemente adv ?rmly

?rmeza nf ?rmness

?scal adj ?scal, treasury

?scal nc district attorney, prosecutor

físicamente adv physically

físico adj physical

físico nm/f physicist

?aco adj thin, frail

?echa nf arrow, dart

?exible adj ?exible

?or nf ?ower

?orecer v to ?ower,bloom, ?ourish

?otar v to ?oat, ?utter

?uir v to ?ow

?ujo nm ?ow, tide, discharge

foco nm focus

fomentar v to foster, promote, encourage fondo nm bottom, end

forma nf form, shape, way

formación nf formation, education

formal adj formal, polite

formar v to form

formidable adj formidable, tremendous

fórmula nf formula

formular v to formulate

fortalecer v to fortify

fortaleza nf fortress, strength

fortuna nf fortune, fate

forzar v to force

fósforo nm match, match stick

foto nf photo, picture

fotografía nf photograph

fotográ?co adj photographic

fotógrafo nm/f photographer

fracasar v to fail, to be unsuccessful

fracaso nm failure, collapse

fracción nf fraction

frágil adj fragile, weak

fragmento nm fragment, passage francamente adv frankly, openly

francés adj French

franco adj open, frank, outspoken

franja nf strip, stripe, fringe

frasco nm bottle, jar, ?ask

frase nf phrase

frecuencia nf frequency

frecuentar v to frequent, visit

frecuente adj frequent

frecuentemente adv frequently, often

frenar v to brake, restrain

freno nm brake

frente nmf al frente: facing; frente a: across from

fresco adj cool, healthy, fresh

fresco nm freshness, coolness

frialdad nf coldness, indifference

frío adj cold

frío nm cold

frívolo adj trivial, frivolous

frontal adj frontal

frontera nf border, frontier

frustración nf frustration

frustrado adj frustrated

fruta nf fruit

fruto nm fruit, result

fuego nm ?re, gun?re

fuente nf source; fountain

fuera adv out, outside, away

fuerte adj strong

fuertemente adv strongly

fuerza nf strength, force, power

fuga nf ?ight, escape

fumar v to smoke

función nf function, meeting

funcional adj functional

funcionamiento nm functioning, operation funcionar v to work, function

funcionario nm civil servant

fundación nf foundation

fundador nm founder fundamental adj fundamental

fundamentalmente adv fundamentally,

basically

fundamento nm foundation, ground

fundar v to found, base

fundir v to melt, cast, smelt

furia nf fury, rage

furioso adj furious

fútbol nm soccer

futuro adj future

futuro nm future

G

gabinete nm cabinet, den, of?ce

gala nf gala (performance/dinner)

galería nf gallery, balcony

gallina nf hen, coward

gallo nm rooster

gama nf range, musical scale

gana nf desire

ganado nm livestock, cattle

ganador nm winner

ganancia nf gain, pro?t

ganar v to win, earn

garantía nf guarantee, warranty

garantizar v to guarantee

garganta nf throat, gorge

garra nf claw, fang

gas nm gas

gastar v to spend (money)

gasto nm expense, expenditure

gato nm cat

generación nf generation

general adj general

general nm general

generalizar v to generalize, popularize

generalmente adv generally, usually

generar v to generate

género nm sort, gender, genre

generosidad nf generosity

generoso adj generous

genético adj genetic

genial adj brilliant, inspired

genio nm genius, disposition

gente nf people

geografía nf geography

geográ?co adj geographical

geométrico adj geometric

gestión nf management, step, negotiation

gesto nm gesture

gigante adj gigantic

gigante nc giant

gigantesco adj giant, gigantic

gira nf tour

girar v to rotate, revolve

giro nm turn, draft, expression

global adj global, overall

globo nm balloon, globe

gloria nf glory, fame

glorioso adj glorious

gobernador nm governor

gobernante nc ruler, leader

gobernar v to govern

gobierno nm government

golpe nm hit, strike, punch

golpear v to hit, strike

goma nf rubber

gordo adj fat, thick

gota nf drop

gozar v to enjoy

grabación nf recording

grabar v to record, engrave

gracia nf (pl) thank you; grace, favor

gracioso adj funny, charming, amusing

grado nm degree, grade

grá?co adj graphic, explicit

grande adj large, great, big

grandeza nf greatness, size

grandioso adj magni?cent, grandiose

grano nm grain, kernel

grasa nf grease, fat

gratitud nf gratitude

grato adj agreeable, pleasant

gratuito adj free, arbitrary, gratuitous

grave adj serious, solemn

gravedad nf seriousness, gravity

griego adj Greek

grieta nf crack, opening, slit

gris adj gray, gloomy

gritar v to shout

grito nm cry, shout, scream

grosero adj crude, rude, crass

grotesco adj grotesque, ridiculous

grueso adj thick

grueso nm bulk, mass

grupo nm group

guante nm glove

guapo adj handsome, beautiful

guardar v to keep, save

guardia nc guard, watch, lookout

guerra nf war, warfare

guerrero adj warrior, warlike

guerrero nm/f warrior, soldier

guía nc guide, leader

guiar v to guide, lead, steer

guitarra nf guitar

gusano nm worm, caterpillar

gustar v to be pleasing to

gusto nm pleasure, taste, preference

H

haber v to have (+Ved)

hábil adj skillful, clever

habilidad nf ability, skill, talent

habitación nf room, bedroom, habitat

habitante nm inhabitant

habitar v to inhabit

hábito nm habit

habitual adj usual, habitual, customary

habitualmente adv habitually

habla nf (el) speech, talking

hablar v to speak, talk

hacer v to do, make

hacia prep toward, towards

hacienda nf ranch

hallar v to ?nd (out)

hallazgo nm ?nding, discovery

hambre nf (el) hunger, starvation

harina nf ?our

harto adj fed up with

hasta prep until, up to, even (adv)

haza?a nf deed, heroic feat

hecho nm fact, happening

hectárea nf hectare

helado adj iced, freezing, icy

hembra nf female, woman

heredar v to inherit

heredero nm heir, heiress

herencia nf inheritance, legacy

herida nf wound, injury

herido adj wounded, injured

herido nm wounded (person)

herir v to wound, hurt

hermana nf sister

hermano nm brother, [pl] siblings

hermoso adj beautiful, lovely

héroe nm hero

heroico adj heroic

herramienta nf tool

hervir v to boil

hielo nm ice

hierba nf herb, grass, weed

hierro nm iron

hígado nm liver

higiene nf hygiene

hija nf daughter

hijo nm son, [pl] children

hilo nm thread, yarn, wire

himno nm hymn, anthem

hipótesis nf hypothesis

hispano adj Hispanic

historia nf history, story historiador nm/f historian

histórico adj historical

hogar nm home, hearth

hoja nf sheet, leaf

hola interj hello, hi

holandés adj Dutch

hombre nm man, mankind, husband hombro nm shoulder

homenaje nm homage, tribute hondo adj deep

honesto adj honest

honor nm honor, honesty honrado adj honest, respectable honrar v to honor

hora nf hour, time (speci?c) horario nm schedule, timetable horizontal adj horizontal horizonte nm horizon

hormiga nf ant

horno nm oven, furnace

horrible adj horrible

horror nm horror, atrocity hospital nm hospital

hostil adj hostile, unfriendly hostilidad nf hostility, enmity

hotel nm hotel

hoy adv today, nowadays

hueco adj hollow

hueco nm hole, cavity

huelga nf strike, protest

huella nf trace, track, footstep hueso nm bone

huevo nm egg

huir v to ?ee, run away humanidad nf humanity, mankind humano adj human

humano nm human

humedad nf humidity

húmedo adj humid, damp humilde adj humble, modest humillación nf humiliation

humo nm smoke

humor nm mood, humor

hundido adj buried, sunken

hundir v to sink, submerge

I

ida nf departure, ?rst half of a trip idea nf idea

ideal adj ideal

ideal nm ideal, goal

idéntico adj identical

identidad nf identity

identi?cación nf identi?cation identi?car v to identify

ideología nf ideology

ideológico adj ideological

idioma nm (speci?c) language idiota nc idiot, dunce

iglesia nf church ignorancia nf ignorance

ignorante adj ignorant

ignorar v to be unaware

igual adj equal, same (as)

igualar v to equate, equalize

igualdad nf equality

igualmente adv equally

ilegal adj illegal

ilimitado adj unlimited

iluminación nf illumination, lighting

iluminado adj illuminated

iluminar v to illuminate, light up

ilusión nf illusion, hope, dream

ilustración nf illustration

ilustrado adj learned, illustrated

ilustrar v to illustrate

ilustre adj renowned, illustrious

imagen nf image, picture

imaginación nf imagination, fantasy

imaginar v to imagine

imaginario adj imaginary

imitación nf imitation

imitar v to imitate, copy, mimic

impacto nm impact

impartir v to impart, administer

impecable adj impeccable, faultless

impedir v to prevent, hinder

imperial adj imperial, imperialist

imperio nm empire, fortune

implacable adj relentless, implacable

implicar v to implicate, imply

imponente adj impressive, magni?cent

imponer v to impose, enforce

importado adj imported

importancia nf importance

importante adj important

importar v to matter, import

imposibilidad nf impossibility

imposible adj impossible

imposición nf imposition

impotencia nf impotence

impreciso adj imprecise

imprenta nf printing house

imprescindible adj essential, indispensable

impresión nf impression, printing

impresionante adj impressive, astonishing

impresionar v to impress

impreso adj printed

imprevisto adj unforeseen, unexpected

imprimir v to print

improvisar v to improvise

impuesto nm tax

impulsar v to push, promote, drive

impulso nm impulse, momentum

inaugurar v to inaugurate, start

incapacidad nf inability, incompetence

incapaz adj incapable

incendio nm ?re, con?agration

incertidumbre nf uncertainty

incidencia nf ocurrence, impact

incidente nm incident

incidir v to in?uence, affect

incierto adj uncertain

incipiente adj incipient, beginning

incitar v to incite

inclinación nf slope, incline, tendency

inclinado adj inclined, slanting

inclinar v to bow, tilt, incline

incluir v to include

inclusive adv including, even

incluso adv including, even (adv)

incómodo adj uncomfortable

incomprensible adj incomprehensible

inconsciente adj unconscious, thoughtless

inconveniente nm inconvenience, drawback

incorporación nf inclusion, incorporation

incorporar v to incorporate, include

increíble adj incredible, unbelievable

incrementar v to increase

incremento nm increase, raise

incurrir v to incur, fall into

incursión nf invasion, incursion

indagar v to investigate

inde?nido adj vague, inde?nite

independencia nf independence

independiente adj independent, self-suf?cient

independientemente adv independently

indicación nf indication

indicar v to indicate

índic e nm index, fore?nger

indicio nm indication, sign

indiferencia nf indifference

indiferente adj indifferent

indígena adj indigenous, native

indignación nf indignation

indio nm Indian

indirecto adj indirect

indiscutible adj indisputable, unquestionable

indispensable adj indispensable, essential

individual adj individual

individuo nm individual, person

índole nf nature, temperament

inducir v to lead to

indudable adj unquestionable

indudablemente adv doubtless, undoubtedly

industria nf industry, factory

industrial adj industrial

inédito adj unpublished

inesperado adj unexpected, unforeseen

inestable adj unstable, unsteady

inevitable adj inevitable, unavoidable

inevitablemente adv inevitably

inexistente adj non-existent

inexplicable adj unexplainable

infancia nf infancy, childhood

infantil adj of children, childlike, infantile

infección nf infection

infeliz adj unhappy, unfortunate

inferior adj lower, inferior

in?erno nm hell, inferno

in?nidad nf in?nity, countless

in?nito adj in?nite

in?nito nm in?nite, in?nity

in?uencia nf in?uence

in?uir v to (have) in?uence

información nf information

informar v to inform

informativo adj informative

informe nm report

ingeniero nm/f engineer

ingenio nm ingenuity, talent, wit

ingenioso adj ingenious, clever

ingenuo adj naive, ingenuous

inglés adj English

ingrediente nm ingredient

ingresar v to join, deposit, admit

ingreso nm entrance, admission, income

inicial adj initial

inicial nf initial (letters)

inicialmente adv initially

iniciar v to initiate, start

iniciativa nf initiative

inicio nm beginning, start

injusticia nf injustice

injusto adj unfair, unjust

inmediatamente adv immediately

inmediato adj immediate

inmenso adj immense, vast, huge inmerso adj engrossed, immersed inmigrante nc immigrant

inminente adj imminent

inmóvil adj immovable, motionless innecesario adj unnecessary

innovación nf innovation innumerable adj innumerable, countless inocencia nf innocence

inocente adj innocent, na?ve inolvidable adj unforgettable inquietante adj disquieting

inquietar v to make uneasy, disturb inquieto adj restless, anxious inquietud nf restlessness, anxiety inscribir v to register, record

inscripción nf inscription, registration insecto nm insect

inseguridad nf insecurity

inseguro adj unsure, unsafe inseparable adj inseparable

insertar v to insert, put in

inside out

insigni?cante adj insigni?cant

insinuar v to insinuate, hint insistencia nf insistence, persistence insistir v to insist on

insólito adj unusual, uncommon insoportable adj unbearable, intolerable inspección nf inspection

inspector nm/f inspector

inspiración nf inspiration, inhalation inspirar v to inspire, inhale

instalación nf installation, facilities instalar v to install

instancia nf instance

instante nm instant, moment

instinto nm instinct

institución nf institution

institucional adj institutional

instituto nm institute

instrucción nf instruction

instruir v to instruct

instrumento nm instrument

insu?ciente adj insuf?cient

insultar v to insult, berate

insulto nm insult

intacto adj intact

integración nf integration

integrante adj integral, part of a group integrar v to integrate, ?t in integridad nf integrity

íntegro adj whole, entire, honest intelectual adj intellectual inteligencia nf intelligence

inteligente adj intelligent

intención nf intention

intensamente adv intensely intensidad nf intensity, force

intenso adj intense, acute

intentar v to try, attempt

intento nm attempt, try intercambiar v to exchange intercambio nm exchange, interchange interés nm interest

interesado adj (self-) interested interesante adj interesting

interesar v to interest

interior adj interior, inside

interior nm interior, inside interlocutor nm participant in a dialog intermedio adj interim, intermediate intermedio nm means, interval

interminable adj endless, interminable

internacional adj international

internar v to con?ne

interno adj internal

interponer v to interpose, intervene

interpretación nf interpretation, interpreting

interpretar v to interpret

intérprete nc performer, interpreter

interrogante nc question, interrogator

interrogar v to question, interrogate

interrumpir v to interrupt

interrupción nf interruption

intervalo nm interval, gap

intervención nf intervention

intervenir v to intervene

íntimamente adv intimately

intimidad nf private life, intimacy

íntimo adj close, intimate

introducción nf introduction

introducir v to introduce, bring in

intuición nf intuition

intuir v to sense

inundación nf ?ood, deluge

inundar v to ?ood, inundate

inútil adj useless

invadir v to invade, overcome

invasión nf invasion

invención nf invention, contrivance

inventar v to invent, make up

invento nm invention

inversión nf investment, outlay

inverso adj inverse, opposite

invertido adj reversed, inverted

invertir v to invest

investigación nf investigation

investigador nm/f researcher, investigator

investigar v to investigate

invierno nm winter

invisible adj invisible

invitación nf invitation

invitado nm guest

invitar v to invite

invocar v to invoke

involuntario adj involuntary

inyección nf shot, injection

ir v to go

ira nf rage, wrath

ironía nf irony

irónico adj ironic, mocking

irracional adj irrational

irreal adj unreal

irregular adj irregular

irreversible adj irreversible

irritar v to irritate

irrumpir v to burst in, raid

isla nf island

italiano adj Italian

izquierda nf left

izquierdo adj left (opposite of right)

J

jamás adv never

japonés adj Japanese

jardín nm garden

jaula nf cage, crate, playpen

jefe nm/f leader, boss, manager

jerarquía nf hierarchy, rank

jinete nm rider, horseman

joder v to f**k, screw (around/up)

jornada nf (working) day, shift

joven adj young

joven nc teenager, young person

jovencito nm young person

joya nf jewel, treasure

judicial adj judicial

judío adj Jewish

juego nm game, play, sport

jueves nm Thursday

juez nc judge

jugada nf move, play

jugador nm player, gambler

jugar v to play (sport/game)

jugo nm juice

juguete nm toy

juicio nm judgment

julio nm July

junio nm June

junta nf meeting, conference, seam

juntar v to bring together

junto adj together

junto adv together with, next to

jurar v to swear, take an oath

jurídico adj legal, juridical

justamente adv just, exactly

justicia nf justice, fairness

justi?cación nf justi?cation

justi?cado adj justi?able, justi?ed

justi?car v to justify, excuse

justo adj fair, just

justo adv just

juvenil adj young, juvenile

juventud nf youth

juzgar v to judge

K

kilo nm kilogram

kilómetro nm kilometer

L

la pron [3rd person] (dir obj-f)

laberinto nm maze, labyrinth

labio nm lip

labor nf labor, work, task

laboral adj labor, industry

laboratorio nm laboratory

laborioso adj laborious, industrious

lado nm side

ladrillo nm brick

ladrón nm thief

lago nm lake

lágrima nf tear, teardrop

laguna nf lagoon

lamentable adj regrettable

lamentablemente adv regrettably

lamentar v to regret

lámina nf sheet (of metal)

lámpara nf lamp

lana nf wool

lanzar v to throw, launch

lápiz nm pencil

lapso nm lapse

largamente adv for a long time, at length

largar v to let go, start out

largo adj long

largo nm a lo largo: throughout; length

larguísimo adj very long

lástima nf shame, pity

lata nf (tin) can

latente adj latent

lateral adj side, lateral

latín nm Latin

latino adj Latin

latinoamericano adj Latin American

latir v to beat (heart)

latitud nf latitude

lavar v to wash

lazo nm bow, knot, tie, lasso

le pron [3rd person] (indir obj)

leal adj loyal, faithful

lealtad nf loyalty, faithfulness

lección nf lesson

leche nf milk

lecho nm (river) bed, couch

lector nm reader, lecturer

lectura nf reading

leer v to read

legal adj legal

legislación nf legislation

legítimo adj legitimate

lejano adj distant

lejos adv far (away, off)

lema nm motto, slogan

le?a nf ?rewood

lengua nf language, tongue, strip (of land) lenguaje nm language, speech lentamente adv slowly

lente nmf lens, [pl] glasses

lentitud nf slowness

lento adj slow

león nm lion

lesión nf injury, wound, harm

letra nf letter, handwriting, lyrics levantar v to raise, lift

leve adj slight, tri?ing, light

ley nf law, bill, rule

leyenda nf legend

liberación nf liberation

liberal adj liberal

liberar v to free, liberate

libertad nf freedom, liberty

libra nf pound (money/weight)

librar v to liberate, set free

libre adj free, vacant

libremente adv freely

librería nf bookstore

libro nm book

licencia nf license, permission

líder nc leader

ligado adj linked, joined

ligar v to tie, link, bind

ligeramente adv slightly, lightly

ligero adj light (in weight), slight

limitación nf limitation

limitado adj limited

limitar v to limit

límite nm limit

limosna nf alms, charity

limpiar v to clean

limpieza nf cleanliness, purity

limpio adj clean

lindo adj pretty, nice, lovely

línea nf line, course

lingüístico adj linguistic

lío nm mess, problem, bad situation liquidar v to liquidate, sell (off)

líquido nm liquid

liso adj smooth, ?at, straight

lista nf list, roster, roll

listo adj ready, clever, smart literalmente adv literally

literario adj literary

literatura nf literature

litro nm liter

liviano adj light, frivolous

llama nf ?ame, llama

llamada nf call, knock

llamado nm call, calling

llamar v to call, name

llamativo adj striking

llano adj ?at, level, plain

llanto nm crying, weeping llanura nf plain, prairie, plainness

llave nf key, faucet, wrench

llegada nf arrival

llegar v to arrive

llenar v to ?ll

lleno adj full, ?lled

llevar v to take, carry

llorar v to cry

llover v to rain

lluvia nf rain

lo art the (+ neuter)

lo pron [3rd person] (dir obj-m)

lobo nm wolf

local adj local

local nm place, quarters

localidad nf town, locality

localizar v to locate, ?nd, localize

loco adj crazy, insane

locura nf madness, insanity

lógica nf logic

lógicamente adv logically

lógico adj logical

lograr v to achieve, get, manage

logro nm success, achievement

lomo nm back, loin, spine

longitud nf length, longitude

lucha nf ?ght, struggle, wrestle

luchar v to ?ght, wrestle

lucir v to show (off), shine

luego adv later, afterwards

lugar nm place, position

lujo nm luxury

lujoso adj luxurious

luminoso adj bright, luminous

luna nf moon

lunes nm Monday

luz nf light

M

macho nm male, manliness

madera nf wood

madre nf mother

madrugada nf dawn, daybreak

madurar v to mature, ripen

madurez nf maturity, ripeness

maduro adj mature, ripe

maestra nf teacher (f)

maestro adj master

maestro nm teacher (m), master

magia nf magic

mágico adj magic, magical

magní?co adj magni?cent, splendid

magnitud nf magnitude, extent

maíz nm corn, maize

mal adv badly

mal nm evil

maldad nf evil, wickedness

maldición nf damnation, curse

maldito adj damned, wretched

malestar nm discomfort, unease, unrest

maleta nf suitcase, case

maligno adj evil, malignant

malo adj bad

mamá nf mom

ma?ana adv tomorrow

ma?ana nf morning, tomorrow

mancha nf stain, spot

mandar v to send, order

mandato nm mandate, order, command

mando nm command, authority

manejar v to drive, handle

manejo nm handling, management

manera nf way, manner

manga nf sleeve

mango nm handle, mango

manía nf obsession, mania

manifestación nf protest, manifestation

manifestar v to express, show

mani?esto nm poner de mani?esto: to show

maniobra nf maneuver, operation

manipular v to manipulate, handle

mano nf hand

manta nf blanket

mantener v to keep, maintain

mantenimiento nm maintenance, sustenance

manto nm cloak

manual adj manual

manual nm manual, handbook

manzana nf apple, (city) block

mapa nm map

máquina nf machine

maquinaria nf machinery

mar nmf sea

maravilla nf wonder, marvel

maravilloso adj wonderful, marvelous

marca nf mark, brand, trademark

marcar v to mark, note, dial

marcha nf march, progress

marchar v to go, leave, march

marco nm frame, mark, setting

marea nf wave, tide, ebb

margen nmf edge, margin, border, brink

marginal adj marginal, minor

marido nm husband

marinero nm/f sailor

marino adj marine, naval

mariposa nf butter?y, wing nut

mármol nm marble

marrón adj brown

martes nm Tuesday

martillo nm hammer

marzo nm March

más adj more

mas conj but, however

masa nf mass, dough, bulk, crowd

máscara nf mask

masculino adj masculine, manly, male

masivo adj mass, massive

matanza nf slaughter, carnage

matar v to kill

mate nm mate (beverage)

matemática nf mathematics

matemático adj mathematical

materia nf matter, subject

material adj material

material nm material, element

materno adj maternal

matiz nm shade, tint, nuance

matrimonial adj matrimonial

matrimonio nm marriage, married couple

máximo adj maximum

máximo nm maximum

mayo nm May

mayor adj larger, older, main

mayoría nf majority

me pron me (obj)

mecánica nf mechanics, mechanism

mecánico adj mechanical

mecanismo nm mechanism

medalla nf medal, medallion

media nf average; a m.: halfways

mediado adj mid, middle

mediano adj average, medium, ordinary

mediante prep by means of

mediar v to mediate

medicamento nm medicine, drug

medicina nf medicine

médico adj medical

médico nm/f doctor

medida nf measure; a medida que: to the extent

medieval adj medieval

medio adj half, middle

medio nm means, middle; por medio: through mediocre adj mediocre

mediodía nm noon, midday

medir v to measure

meditar v to meditate, ponder

mejilla nf cheek

mejor adj best, better (adv)

mejora nf improvement

mejorar v to improve, get better

melancólico adj melancholy

melodía nf melody

memoria nf memory

mención nf mention

mencionar v to mention, cite

menor adj younger, youngest

menos adj less, fewer

mensaje nm message

mensual adj monthly

mental adj mental

mentalidad nf mindset, mind

mentalmente adv mentally

mente nf mind

mentir v to (tell a) lie

mentira nf lie

menudo adv a menudo: often

mercado nm market

mercancía nf goods, merchandise

merced nf favor, mercy

merecer v to deserve, be worthy (of)

mérito nm worth, merit

mero adj mere

mes nm month

mesa nf table, board

meta nf goal, aim, purpose

metáfora nf metaphor

metal nm metal

metálico adj metallic

meter v to put (into)

método nm method

metro nm meter, subway

mexicano adj Mexican

mezcla nf mixture, blend

mezclado adj mixed

mezclar v to mix

mi adj my

mí pron me (obj prep)

micrófono nm microphone

miedo nm fear

miel nf honey

miembro nm member, limb

mientras conj while, whereas, as long as

miércoles nm Wednesday

mierda nf shit, crap, excrement

mil num thousand

milagro nm miracle

militar adj military

militar nm soldier, military person

millón num million, fortune

mina nf mine

mínimo adj minimum

mínimo nm minimum

ministerio nm ministry

ministro nm/f (government) secretary, minister minoría nf minority

minucioso adj meticulous, thorough

minúsculo adj minute, insigni?cant

minuto nm minute mío pron mine

mirada nf gaze, look

mirar v to look, watch

misa nf (religious) mass

miserable adj wretched, miserable

miseria nf misery, wretchedness

misión nf mission, task

mismísimo adj very same

mismo adj same

misterio nm mystery

misterioso adj mysterious

místico adj mystical

mitad nf half, middle

mito nm myth

mixto adj mixed, co-ed

moda nf fashion, form

modalidad nf mode, manner

modelo nc model, pattern

moderno adj modern

modesto adj modest, humble

modi?cación nf modi?cation, alteration

modi?car v to modify

modo nm way, manner

mojado adj wet

mojar v to make wet, dampen

molde nm mold, cast, pattern

molestar v to bother, disturb, upset

molestia nf bother, nuisance, trouble

molesto adj annoyed, bothered, upset

molino nm mill, windmill

momento nm moment, time

moneda nf coins, currency

monja nf nun

mono nm monkey

monótono adj monotonous

monstruo nm monster, monstrosity

monstruoso adj monstrous

monta?a nf mountain

montar v to ride, mount, assemble

monte nm mountain

montón nm lot of, heap, pile

monumental adj monumental

monumento nm monument

moral adj moral

moral nf morals, ethics

morder v to bite

moreno adj dark, brown

morir v to die

mortal adj mortal, lethal, deadly

mortal nc mortal

mosaico nm mosaic

mosca nf ?y (insect)

mostrar v to show

motivación nf motivation

motivar v to motivate, cause

motivo nm motive, cause

motor nm engine, motor

mover v to move, incite

móvil adj mobile

movilizar v to mobilize

movimiento nm movement

mozo nm waiter, youth, bellboy

muchacha nf girl

muchacho nm boy

muchísimo adj great many, great amount

mucho adj much, many, a lot (adv)

mudar v to move, change

mudo adj mute, silent

mueble nm (piece of) furniture

muelle nm wharf, dock

muerte nf death

muerto adj dead

muerto nm dead person

muestra nf proof, sample, sign

mujer nf woman, wife

múltiple adj multiple, many

multiplicar v to multiply

multitud nf multitude

mundial adj worldwide

mundo nm world

mu?eca nf doll, wrist

municipal adj municipal, town

muralla nf city wall

muro nm (outer) wall, rampart

músculo nm muscle

museo nm museum

música nf music

musical adj musical

músico nm/f musician

muslo nm thigh

mutuamente adv mutually, each other

mutuo adj mutual

muy adv very, really

N

nacer v to be born

nacimiento nm birth, origin

nación nf nation

nacional adj national

nacionalidad nf nationality

nada pron nothing, (not) at all

nadar v to swim

nadie pron nobody, anybody

naranja nf orange (fruit)

nariz nf nose

narración nf narration, account

narrar v to narrate, tell

nativo adj native

natural adj natural

naturaleza nf nature, character

naturalidad nf ease, spontaneity

naturalmente adv naturally

navaja nf razor, blade, navaja

nave nf spacecraft, ship

navegación nf navigation, shipping

navegar v to navigate, sail

necesariamente adv necessarily

necesario adj necessary

necesidad nf necessity, need

necesitado adj poor, needy

necesitar v to need

negar v to deny, refuse

negativa nf negative, denial

negativo adj negative, pessimistic

negociación nf negotiation

negociar v to negotiate, deal (with/in)

negocio nm business, transaction

negro adj black

nervio nm nerve

nervioso adj nervous, uptight

neutro adj neutral

ni conj not even, neither, nor

nido nm nest

niebla nf fog

nieto nm grandchild

nieve nf snow

ni?a nf child, young girl

ni?ez nf childhood, infancy

ninguno adj no, none, nobody (pron)

ni?o nm child, little boy

nítido adj clear, clean, neat

nivel nm level

no adv no

noble adj noble

noble nc nobleman, noble

nobleza nf nobility, uprightness

noche nf night, evening

noción nf notion, idea

nocturno adj nocturnal, evening nombrar v to name, appoint

nombre nm name, noun

norma nf standard, pattern, norm normal adj normal, usual, regular normalidad nf normality normalmente adv normally

norte nm north

norteamericano adj North American nos pron us (obj)

nosotros pron we (subj)

nostalgia nf nostalgia, homesickness nota nf note, grade

notable adj outstanding, noteworthy notar v to notice

noticia nf news

notorio adj notorious, noticeable novedad nf latest news, newness novela nf novel

novelista nc novelist

noventa num ninety

novia nf girlfriend, bride

noviembre nm November

novio nm boyfriend, groom

nube nf cloud

núcleo nm nucleus, core

nudo nm knot

nuestro adj our

nuevamente adv anew, again

nueve num nine

nuevo adj new

nulo adj void, null

número nm number

numeroso adj numerous

nunca adv never, ever

O

o conj or

obedecer v to obey

obediencia nf obedience

obispo nm bishop

objetivo adj objective, impartial objetivo nm objective

objeto nm object, thing

obligación nf obligation

obligado adj obliged, required

obligar v to obligate, force

obligatorio adj obligatory, compulsory obra nf work, book, deed

obrar v to work, act

obrero adj working class

obrero nm/f worker, laborer observación nf observation observador nm observer

observar v to observe

obsesión nf mania, obsession

obstáculo nm obstacle

obstante adj no + obstante: nevertheless obtener v to obtain

obviamente adv obviously

obvio adj obvious

ocasión nf opportunity, occasion ocasional adj occasional, random ocasionar v to occasion, bring about occidental adj occidental, western

océano nm ocean

ochenta num eighty

ocho num eight

ocio nm leisure (time)

octubre nm October

ocultar v to hide

oculto adj hidden, occult

ocupación nf occupation, use ocupado adj busy, occupied

ocupar v to occupy, use

ocurrencia nf idea, witty remark

ocurrir v to happen, occur

odiar v to hate

odio nm hatred

oeste nm West

ofender v to offend

oferta nf offer, bid, supply

of?cer

o?cial adj of?cial, authorized

o?cial nc of?cial, of?cer

o?cialmente adv of?cially

o?cina nf of?ce

o?cio nm job, occupation, function

ofrecer v to offer, present

oh interj oh

oído nm hearing, ear

oír v to hear

ojalá adv I hope that

ojo nm eye

ola nf wave, billow

oler v to smell

olfato nm sense of smell

olla nf pot, kettle

olor nm smell, odor, fragrance

olvidar v to forget

olvido nm forgetfulness, omission

once num eleven

onda nf wave, ripple

opaco adj dull, opaque, heavy

opción nf option, choice

ópera nf opera

operación nf operation

operar v to operate

opinar v to think, be of the opinion

opinión nf opinion, view

oponer v to oppose

oportunidad nf opportunity, chance

oportuno adj opportune, timely

oposición nf opposition

optar v to choose, opt for

optimismo nm optimism

optimista adj optimistic

óptimo adj optimum

opuesto adj opposite, contrary

oración nf prayer

oral adj oral

órbita nf orbit, socket, ?eld

orden nmf order; sequence (m), religious (f)

ordenado adj organized, clean

ordenar v to put in order, organize

ordinario adj vulgar, ordinary

oreja nf ear

orgánico adj organic

organismo nm organization, organism,

(human)body

organización nf organization

organizado adj organized

organizar v to organize

órgano nm organ

orgullo nm pride

orgulloso adj proud, arrogant

orientación nf orientation, direction

orientado adj positioned, guided

oriental adj eastern, oriental

orientar v guide, show the way

oriente nm East

origen nm origin, cause

original adj original

original nm original

originar v to give rise (to), cause

orilla nf shore, edge

oro nm gold

orquesta nf orchestra, dance band

os pron you (obj-pl/+fam)

oscilar v oscillate

oscurecer v to get dark

oscuridad nf darkness

oscuro adj dark, obscure

oso nm bear

ostentar v to ?aunt, show off

oto?o nm autumn

otorgar v to give, grant, award

otro adj other, another

oveja nf sheep, ewe

oxígeno nm oxygen

P

pabellón nm pavilion, sports hall

paciencia nf patience

paciente nc patient

pací?co adj peaceful

pacto nm pact, agreement

padecer v to suffer

padre nm father

padrino nm godparent, sponsor

pagar v to pay

página nf page

pago nm payment

país nm country

paisaje nm landscape

paja nf straw, thatching

pájaro nm bird

pala nf shovel

palabra nf word

palacio nm palace

pálido adj pale, ghastly, faded

palma nf palm tree, palm

palo nm stick, pole

paloma nf dove

palpar v to feel, touch, fondle

pan nm bread

pánico nm panic

panorama nm panorama, landscape

pantalla nf screen, monitor

pantalón nm pants, trousers

pa?uelo nm handkerchief, shawl

papá nm dad

papa nmf Pope (m), potato (f)

papel nm paper, role, part

paquete nm package, packet

par nmf pair, couple (m); a la par: at same time

para prep for, to, in order to

parada nf (transportation) stop

parado adj stopped, standing

paraíso nm paradise

paraje nm place, spot

paralelo adj parallel

paralizado adj paralyzed

paralizar v to paralyze

parar v to stop (moving)

parcela nf piece of property

parcial adj partial, biased

parcialmente adv partially

pardo adj brown, dark, dim

parecer nm opinion, looks

parecer v to seem, look like

parecido adj similar

pared nf (interior) wall

pareja nf couple, pair

parentesco nm kinship

paréntesis nm parenthesis, digression

pariente nc relative

parir v to give birth

parlamentario adj parliamentary

parque nm park

párrafo nm paragraph

parroquia nf parish

parte nf part, portion

participación nf participation, involvement participante nm participant

participar v to participate

partícula nf particle

particular adj particular, peculiar particular nm particular, detail, individual particularmente adv particularly, personally partida nf game, match, departure partidario nm supporter, partisan

partido nm party, group, (sports) match partir v to divide, leave; a partir de: starting parto nm birth

pasado adj past, last

pasado nm past

pasaje nm fare, passage, lane

pasajero adj ?eeting, transitory

pasajero nm passenger

pasar v to pass, spend (time)

pasear v to go for a walk, ride

paseo nm walk, ride

pasillo nm hall, corridor

pasión nf passion, desire

pasivo adj passive

paso nm step, pace

pasta nf pasta, dough

pastilla nf pill, capsule

pasto nm grass, pasture

pastor nm/f shepherd, pastor

pata nf leg, paw

patada nf kick, punt

paterno adj paternal

patio nm courtyard, playground, yard

pato nm duck

patria nf native land, fatherland patrimonio nm patrimony, inheritance patriótico adj patriotic

patrón nm employer, landlord, patron saint pausa nf pause

pauta nf guideline, rule, standard

paz nf peace

pecado nm sin

pecar v to sin

pecho nm chest, breast

peculiar adj peculiar

pedagógico adj pedagogical, teaching pedazo nm piece, bit

pedir v to ask for, request

pegar v to hit, stick (on)

pelea nf ?ght, quarrel

pelear v to ?ght, struggle

película nf movie, ?lm

peligro nm danger, menace

peligroso adj dangerous

pelo nm hair

pelota nf ball

pena nf trouble; valer la pena: be of worth penal adj penal

pendiente adj aware of, pending penetración nf penetration, insight penetrar v to penetrate, come in

penoso adj painful, laborious

pensado adj thought-out, designed pensamiento nm thought, thinking pensar v to think

pensión nf boarding house

penumbra nf semidarkness, twilight

peón nm unskilled laborer, ?eld hand

peor adj worse, worst

peor adv worse

peque?ito adj very small, tiny peque?o adj little, small, young

percatar v to inform, become aware

percepción nf perception

percibir v to perceive, notice

perder v to lose, miss

pérdida nf loss

perdido adj lost

perdón nm forgiveness, pardon

perdonar v to forgive, excuse

perdurar v to last, live on, endure

perfección nf perfection

perfeccionar v to perfect

perfectamente adv perfectly

perfecto adj perfect

per?l nm pro?le, outline

per?lar v to outline, shape

perfume nm perfume

periódico nm newspaper, periodical

periodismo nm journalism

periodista nc journalist

periodístico adj journalistic

período nm period, time

perjudicar v to endanger

perjuicio nm damage, loss

perla nf pearl

permanecer v to stay, remain

permanencia nf permanence, tenure

permanente adj permanent

permanentemente adv permanently

permiso nm permission, permit

permitir v to allow, permit

pero conj but, yet, except

perpetuo adj continual, perpetual

perro nm dog

persecución nf pursuit, persecution

perseguir v to persecute, pursue, chase

persistente adj persistent

persistir v to persist

persona nf person

personaje nm character (e.g. movie)

personal adj personal

personal nm personnel, staff, staf?ng

personalidad nf personality, celebrity

personalmente adv personally

perspectiva nf perspective

pertenecer v to belong

perteneciente adj pertaining, belonging

pertenencia nf membership, property

perturbar v to perturb, upset

peruano adj Peruvian

perverso adj perverse, wicked

pesadilla nf nightmare

pesado adj heavy, boring, tiresome

pesar nm sorrow; a pesar de: in spite of

pesar v to weigh

pesca nf ?shing

pescado nm ?sh

pescador nm/f ?sherman

pescar v to ?sh

peseta nf peseta (money)

pésimo adj dreadful, awful

peso nm peso (money), weight, load

peste nf plague, pestilence, pest

petición nf request, petition

petróleo nm oil, petroleum

pez nm (alive) ?sh

piadoso adj devout, pious, merciful

piano nm piano

picar v to bite, sting, itch

pico nm y pico: and a bit; beak, peak

pie nm foot, base

piedad nf pity, mercy

piedra nf stone, rock

piel nf skin, hide, fur

pierna nf leg

pieza nf piece, part

pila nf (baptismal) font, battery, heap

pilar nm pillar, column

piloto nm/f pilot, driver

pino nm pine (tree)

pinta nf appearance, look, aspect

pintado adj painted

pintar v to paint

pintor nm/f painter

pintoresco adj picturesque

pintura nf painting, paint

pionero nm pioneer

pirámide nf pyramid

pisar v to step on

piscina nf swimming pool

piso nm ?oor, story

pista nf clue, track, trace

pistola nf gun, pistol

placa nf plaque, plate, badge

placer nm pleasure

plan nm plan

plancha nf (electric) iron, plate, sheet

planear v to plan

planeta nm planet

plano adj ?at, plain, even, level

plano nm plane, map, level

planta nf plant, ?oor

plantar v to plant

planteamiento nm proposal, exposition

plantear v to propose, present

plástico adj plastic

plástico nm plastic

plata nf silver, money

plataforma nf platform, springboard

plato nm plate, dish

playa nf beach, seaside

plaza nf square, marketplace

plazo nm deadline, installment

pleito nm litigation, suit, dispute

plenamente adv fully

plenitud nf fullness, abundance

pleno adj complete, full

plomo nm lead, bullet

pluma nf pen, feather

población nf population

poblado adj populated

poblar v to populate, inhabit

pobre adj poor

pobreza nf poverty, lack, scarcity

poco adj little, few, a little bit (adv)

poder nm power

poder v to be able to; can

poderoso adj powerful

poema nm poem

poesía nf poetry, poem

poeta nc poet

poético adj poetic

polémica nf polemics, argument

policía nc police, police force, police of?cer

policial adj police

política nf politics, policy

político adj political

político nm/f politician

pollo nm chicken

polo nm pole, polo, polo shirt

polvo nm dust, powder

pólvora nf gunpowder, powder

poner v to put (on), get (+adj)

popular adj popular

poquito adj little bit

por prep by, for, through

porcentaje nm percentage

porción nf part, portion, share

porque conj because

porquería nf ?lth, junk

portador nm bearer, carrier

portar v to behave [se], carry

portero nm/f porter, doorkeeper, goalkeeper portugués adj Portuguese

porvenir nm future, time to come

posar v to rest, pose, land

poseer v to possess, own

posesión nf possession

posibilidad nf possibility

posible adj possible

posiblemente adv possibly

posición nf position

positivo adj positive

posterior adj rear, backside posteriormente adv afterwards

postre nmf dessert; a la postre: in the end postura nf posture, position, attitude potencia nf power, potential

potencial adj potential

potente adj potent, powerful

pozo nm well, shaft

práctica nf practice, skill

prácticamente adv practically

practicar v to practice

práctico adj practical, skillful

precario adj precarious

precaución nf caution, forethought precedente nm precedent

preceder v to precede

precio nm price, cost, value

precioso adj beautiful, precious

precipitar v to plunge, hurl, rush precisamente adv precisely

precisar v to do exactly, specify

precisión nf precision

preciso adj precise, necessary

predecir v to predict

predicar v to preach

predominar v to predominate preferencia nf preference

preferible adj preferable

preferido adj preferred, favorite

preferir v to prefer

pregunta nf question

preguntar v to ask (a question)

prejuicio nm prejudice

prematuro adj premature

premiar v to award

premio nm prize, reward

prenda nf piece of clothing

prender v to turn on, apprehend

prensa nf press

preocupación nf worry, concern preocupado adj worried, concerned preocupar v to worry

preparación nf preparation, training preparado adj prepared

preparar v to prepare

presa nf dam, prisoner (f)

prescindir v to do without

presencia nf presence, appearance presenciar v to be present at, witness presentación nf presentation, introduction presentar v to introduce, present presente adj present, current

presente nm present

presentir v to sense in advance

preservar v to preserve

presidencia nf presidency presidencial adj presidential

presidente nm president

presidir v to preside over

presión nf pressure

presionar v to press, pressure

preso adj imprisoned, con?ned

preso nm prisoner

prestado adj borrowed, lent

préstamo nm loan, borrowing

prestar v to lend

prestigio nm prestige

prestigioso adj prestigious

presumir v to boast, show off, suppose

presunto adj alleged, presumed

presupuesto nm budget

pretender v to attempt

pretensión nf pretension, claim

pretexto nm pretext, excuse

prevalecer v to prevail

prevención nf prevention, warning

prevenir v to avoid, prevent

prever v to foresee, anticipate, forecast

previamente adv previously

previo adj previous

previsible adj foreseeable

previsión nf forecast, precaution

previsto adj foreseen, planned

prima nf female cousin, down payment

primario adj primary

primavera nf spring, spring-like

primero adj ?rst

primitivo adj primitive

primo nm cousin

primordial adj fundamental, primary

princesa nf princess

principal adj main, principal

principalmente adv principally, mainly

príncipe nm prince

principio nm beginning, principle

prioridad nf priority

prisa nf hurry

prisión nf prison, imprisonment

prisionero nm prisoner

privado adj private

privar v to deprive (of)

privilegiado adj privileged

privilegio nm privilege

probabilidad nf probability

probable adj probable

probablemente adv probably

probar v to test, prove, try

problema nm problem

procedencia nf origin, source

procedente adj coming (from)

proceder v to proceed, start

procedimiento nm procedure, proceedings

procesión nf procession

proceso nm process, procedure

proclamar v to proclaim

procurar v to try, seek

prodigioso adj prodigious, famous

producción nf production

producir v to produce, cause

productivo adj productive, pro?table

producto nm product

productor nm producer

profesión nf profession, occupation

profesional adj professional

profesor nm/f professor, teacher

profeta nm prophet

profundamente adv profoundly, deeply

profundidad nf depth, profundity

profundizar v to deepen, analyze in depth

profundo adj deep, profound

programa nm program, plan

programar v to plan, program

progresar v to progress

progresivo adj progressive

progreso nm progress

prohibición nf prohibition

prohibido adj prohibited

prohibir v to prohibit, forbid

prolongación nf extension

prolongado adj prolonged, lengthy

prolongar v to extend, prolong

promesa nf promise

prometer v to promise

promoción nf promotion

promover v to promote

pronto adv soon, quick

pronunciar v to pronounce

propaganda nf advertising, propaganda

propagar v to propagate, spread

propiamente adv exactly, properly

propiciar v to favor, foster, aid

propicio adj appropriate, suitable

propiedad nf property

propietario nm owner

propio adj own, proper, typical

proponer v to propose

proporción nf proportion

proporcionar v to supply

proposición nf proposition

propósito nm intention, purpose

propuesta nf proposal, proposition

prosa nf prose

proseguir v to continue, carry on

prosperar v to prosper, thrive

protagonista nc protagonist, main character

protección nf protection

protector nm protector, defender

proteger v to protect

protesta nf objection, protest

protestar v to protest, object

provecho nm bene?t, use

proveer v to provide

proveniente adj coming from

provenir v to come from, be from

provincia nf province, region

provincial adj provincial

provocar v to cause, provoke

proximidad nf proximity

próximo adj next

proyección nf projection, screening

proyectar v to project

proyecto nm project, plan

prudencia nf prudence, moderation

prudente adj sensible, prudent

prueba nf proof, trial, test

psicología nf psychology

psicológico adj psychological

psicólogo nm/f psychologist

publicación nf publication

públicamente adv publicly, in public

publicar v to publish

publicidad nf advertising, publicity

publicitario adj advertising

público adj public

público nm public, audience

pueblo nm people, village

puente nm bridge

puerta nf door

puerto nm port, harbor

pues conj then, well then

puesto nm job, place, position

pugna nf battle, struggle

pulmón nm lung

pulso nm pulse, pulsation

pu?ado nm ?stful, small group

pu?o nm ?st, handle, cuff

punta nf tip, point

punto nm point, dot, period

puntual adj punctual

puramente adv purely, simply

pureza nf purity, chastity

puro adj pure, clean

puta nf whore, prostitute

Q

que conj that, which

qué pron what?, which?, how (+ adj)! quebrar v to break, bend, weaken quedar v to remain, stay

quehacer nm task, job, chore

queja nf complaint

quejar v to complain

quemado adj burned, burnt

quemar v to burn

querer v to want, love

querido adj dear, beloved

queso nm cheese

quien pron who, whom

quién pron who?, whom?

quieto adj still, motionless, calm

químico adj chemical

quince num ?fteen

quinientos num ?ve hundred

quinto adj ?fth

quitar v to remove, take away

quizás adv perhaps, maybe

R

rabia nf rage

racional adj rational

radical adj radical

radicalmente adv radically

radicar v to lie, be situated

radio nmf radio; set (m), communication (f) raíz nf root

rama nf branch, bough, limb

ramo nm bunch (of ?owers), branch rancho nm ranch, farm

rango nm rank, range

rápidamente adv rapidly, quickly

rapidez nf speed, velocity

rápido adj quick, fast

raro adj strange, rare, scarce

rascar v to scratch, scrape

rasgo nm feature, trait

rastro nm track, sign, ?ea mark et

rata nf rat

rati?car v to ratify

rato nm moment, while, time

ratón nm mouse, rat

raya nf line, ray, stripe

rayo nm ray, beam, lightning

raza nf race, lineage

razón nf reason; tener razón: to be right razonable adj reasonable razonamiento nm reasoning

razonar v to reason (out), think

reacción nf reaction

reaccionar v to react

real adj royal, real, authentic

realidad nf reality, actuality

realismo nm realism

realista adj realistic

realización nf ful?llment, realization realizar v to ful?ll, carry out

realmente adv really, actually, in fact reanudar v to renew, resume reaparecer v to reappear

rebajar v to discount

reba?o nm herd, ?ock

rebasar v to exceed, pass over

rebelde adj rebel

rebelde nc rebel, insurgent

rebeldía nf rebelliousness, de?ance

rebelión nf rebellion

recelo nm mistrust, suspicion

recepción nf reception, waiting-room

receta nf recipe, prescription

rechazar v to reject

rechazo nm rejection, refusal

recibir v to receive

recién adv recently, just

reciente adj recent

recientemente adv recently

recinto nm grounds, precincts

recipiente nm container, recipient, tank

recíproco adj reciprocal

recitar v to recite

reclamar v to demand, require

reclamo nm claim, complaint, protest

recobrar v to recover, regain

recoger v to pick up

recomendación nf recommendation

recomendar v to recommend

recompensa nf reward, recompense

reconocer v to recognize, admit

reconocimiento nm recognition,

acknowledgment

reconstrucción nf reconstruction

reconstruir v to reconstruct

recordar v to remember, remind

recorrer v to travel, cover (distance)

recorrido nm journey, itinerary, route

recortar v to trim, cut off, clip

recorte nm clipping, cutting, trimming

recrear v to recreate, amuse

recti?car v to rectify, straighten (out)

recto adj right, straight, honest

recuerdo nm memory, keepsake

recuperación nf recovery, recuperation

recuperar v to recuperate, recover

recurrir v to resort to

recurso nm resource, recourse, means

red nf network, net, system

redacción nf editing, wording, essay

redactar v to edit, write, compose

redondo adj round

reducción nf reduction

reducido adj reduced, limited

reducir v to reduce

reemplazar v to replace

referencia nf reference, allusion

referente adj concerning

referir v to refer (to)

re?nado adj re?ned

re?ejado adj re?ected

re?ejar v to re?ect

re?ejo nm re?ection

re?exión nf re?ection

re?exionar v to re?ect, consider on

reforma nf reform, improvement

reforzar v to reinforce, strengthen

refugiar v to take shelter, give refuge

refugio nm shelter, refuge

regalar v to give (as a gift)

regalo nm gift, present

regar v to water, irrigate

régimen nm regime, diet

región nf region

regional adj regional

regir v to rule, govern, manage

registrar v to register, record

registro nm register, record

regla nf rule, ruler, regulation

reglamento nm regulations, rules

regresar v to return (to a place)

regreso nm return

regular adj regular

regular v to regulate, adjust

reina nf queen

reinar v to reign, prevail

reino nm kingdom, reign

reír v to laugh (at)

reiterar v to reiterate, repeat

reivindicación nf claim, demand, redemption

relación nf relationship, relation

relacionado adj related, regarding

relacionar v to relate

relajar v to relax

relatar v to tell, narrate

relativamente adv relatively

relativo adj relative

relato nm tale, story

relevante adj relevant, signi?ca nt

relieve nm relief; poner de relieve: to

emphasize

religión nf religion

religioso adj religious

reloj nm clock, watch

rematar v to ?nish off, ?nish up

remediar v to heal, cure

remedio nm alternative, cure, solution

remitir v to remit

remontar v to go back to (time)

remoto adj remote, far-off

remover v to remove

renacer v to be reborn, reappear

rencor nm grudge, spite

rendimiento nm yield, output, ef?ciency

rendir v [se] to give in; to render

renovación nf renewal, renovation

renovar v to renew, renovate

renta nf income

renuncia nf resignation, renunciation

renunciar v to give up, renounce

reparar v to repair, restore

repartir v to divide, deliver, distribute

reparto nm distribution, delivery

repasar v to review, revise

repente adv de + repente: suddenly

repentino adj sudden

repercusión nf repercussion, impact

repertorio nm repertoire, list, index

repetición nf repetition

repetido adj repeated

repetir v to repeat

repleto adj full, overcrowded

réplica nf answer, retort, copy

replicar v to reply

reponer v to replace, restore

reportaje nm news report

reposar v to rest, lie down

reposo nm rest, peace

representación nf representation

representante nc representative

representar v to represent

representativo adj representative

represión nf repression

reprimir v to repress

reprochar v to reproach

reproche nm reproach, criticism

reproducción nf reproduction

reproducir v to reproduce, repeat

república nf republic

republicano adj republican

requerir v to require

requisito nm prerequisite, requirement resaltar v to emphasize

rescatar v to rescue, save

rescate nm rescue, ransom

resentimiento nm resentment

reserva nf reservation, reserve

reservado adj reserved, booked

reservar v to reserve, book

residencia nf residence

residir v to reside, live (in)

residuo nm residue, waste

resignación nf resignation, acceptance resignar v to resign, relinquish

resistencia nf resistance, opposition

resistir v to resist, endure

resolución nf resolution

resolver v to resolve, settle, work out resonancia nf resonance, repercussion respaldo nm support, backing, back respectivo adj respective

respecto nm respect, con respecto a: with regards

respetable adj respectable

respetar v to respect

respeto nm respect, regard

respetuoso adj respectful

respiración nf respiration, breath

respirar v to breathe

responder v to answer, respond responsabilidad nf responsibility responsable adj responsible

respuesta nf answer, reply

restablecer v to reestablish, restore

restante adj remaining

restar v to subtract, minimize

restaurante nm restaurant

restaurar v to restore, reinstate

resto nm rest, remainder, leftover

restricción nf restriction

resucitar v to resuscitate

resuelto adj resolved, determined

resultado nm result, outcome

resultar v to result, turn out

resumen nm summary

resumir v to summarize

retener v to keep, retain

retirada nf retreat, withdrawal

retirado aj retired, remote, secluded

retirar v to take away, retire

retiro nm withdrawal, retreat

reto nm challenge, de?ance

retomar v to retake, restart

retornar v to return, give back

retorno nm return

retrasar v to delay, fall behind

retraso nm delay

retrato nm portrait, photograph

retroceder v to go back

retroceso nm movement backwards

reunión nf meeting, reunion

reunir v to gather, meet, collect

revelación nf revelation

revelar v to reveal, disclose

reventar v to burst, puncture

revés nm al revés: backwards, upside down, rosa nf rose

revisar v to check, revise, inspect

revisión nf checking revision

revista nf magazine, journal

revivir v to revive revolución nf revolution

revolucionario adj revolutionary

revolver v to stir, mix, scramble

revuelto adj confused, messed up

rey nm king

rezar v to pray, recite

rico adj rich, tasty

ridículo adj ridiculous, absurd

ridículo nm ridicule

rienda nf rein, restraint

riesgo nm risk

rigidez nf rigidity

rígido adj rigid, stiff, ?rm

rigor nm harshness, rigor

riguroso adj rigorous, severe

rincón nm corner, nook

ri?ón nm kidney

río nm river

riqueza nf riches, wealth

risa nf laugh, chuckle

rítmico adj rhythmic

ritmo nm rhythm

rito nm rite, ritual

ritual nm ritual, rite

rival nc rival

robar v to rob, steal

robo nm theft, robbery

robusto adj strong, robust, sturdy

roca nf rock

roce nm brush, graze

rodar v to roll, run, scatter

rodeado adj surrounded

rodear v to surround

rodilla nf knee

rogar v to implore, pray, ask

rojo adj red

rol nm role

rollo nm roll, coil

romano adj Roman

romántico adj romantic

romper v to break

ronda nf round

ropa nf clothes, clothing

rosado adj pink, rosy

rosario nm rosary, beads, string

rostro nm face, countenance

roto adj broken, torn

rotundo adj categorical

rozar v to touch (lightly)

rubio adj blonde, fair

rudo adj rude, crude, coarse

rueda nf wheel

ruido nm noise

ruidoso adj noisy

ruina nf ruin, collapse

rumbo nm direction, course, bearing

rumor nm rumor, murmur

ruptura nf break-up, rupture

rural adj rural, country

ruso adj Russian

rústico adj rustic, rural

ruta nf route

rutina nf routine

S

sábado nm Saturday

sábana nf (bed) sheet

saber nm knowledge

saber v to know (a fact), ?nd out

sabiduría nf wisdom, knowledge

sabio adj wise, learned

sabor nm taste, ?avor, sensation

sabroso adj delicious, tasty

sacar v to take out

sacerdote nm priest

saco nm sack, bag, plunder

sacri?car v to sacri?ce

sacri?cio nm sacri?ce

sacudir v to shake, jolt

sagrado adj sacred

sal nf salt

sala nf room, hall

salario nm salary, wages

salida nf exit, escape, outcome

salir v to leave, go out

salón nm hall, room

saltar v to jump, leap, hop

salto nm jump, hop, skip

salud nf health

saludable adj healthy, wholesome

saludar v to greet, say hello

saludo nm greeting

salvación nf salvation, rescue

salvaje adj wild, savage, uncultivated

salvar v to save, rescue

salvo adv except (for), but

sanción nf sanction, approval, penalty

sangre nf blood

sangriento adj bloody

sanitario adj health, sanitary, clean

sano adj healthy, wholesome

santa nf saint (f)

santo nm saint (m)

sargento nm sergeant

satisfacción nf satisfaction

satisfacer v to satisfy

satisfactorio adj satisfactory

satisfecho adj satis?ed

se pron [“re?exive” marker]

secar v to dry

sección nf section, cut

seco adj dry, arid

secretario nm/f secretary

secreto adj secret

secreto nm secret

sector nm sector, area, section

secuencia nf sequence

secular adj secular, lay

secundario adj secondary

sed nf thirst

seda nf silk

sede nf headquarters, seat

seducir v to seduce, tempt

seguida adv en seguida: right away, at once

seguido adj in a row, successive

seguidor nm follower, supporter, fan

seguir v to follow, keep on

según prep according to

segundo adj second

segundo nm second

seguramente adv surely, securely

seguridad nf security, safety

seguro adj safe, sure, secure

seguro nm insurance

seis num six

selección nf selection, choice

seleccionar v to select

sello nm stamp, seal

selva nf forest, jungle

semana nf week

semanal adj weekly

sembrar v to sow, plant

semejante adj similar, such, alike

semejanza nf similarity, likeness

semilla nf seed

seminario nm seminar, seminary

se?a nf sign, mark, seal