2014年6月14日四级解析

写作：

作文题：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China（多题多卷的三个不同）, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?

The most interesting place

Dear Pacival,

I am thrilled to know that you are going to visit my hometown and I can’t wait see you again. I miss everything that happened when I was in your city, and your parents and you were so kind to me that I will try my best this time to make your stay an enjoyable and memerable one.

My home town，Changsha, is the capital of Hunan province and best known as the star city for its well developed entertainment industry and tourism. There are numerous places and attractions worth recommending, and Yuelu Mountain is the first one that I’d like to introduce to you. Firstly, in the foot of Yuelu Mountain is the prominent

Yuelu Academy. It has an exceedingly long history and its architecture is characteristic of Song Dynasty. Then, after a half hour, we will reach the Bird Forest. There are various rare birds there, and they can sing, perform, and interact with us. After about an hour, we will arrive at the peak, Baiyun Summit. The scenery there is spectacular and we can have a wonderful panorama of the whole city.

I bet you must be very excited about all these activities, and the Yuelu Mountain is waiting for us to explore. All you need to do is pack up and go, and I assure you that this trip will be a great fun.

Should you have any question and suggestion, please let me know.

I am looking forward to your arrival.

Yours sincerely,

Romeo

这篇文章在01年和04年都考过类似的题材（介绍家乡），所以虽然对于满心期待考图画作文的亲可能有些措手不及，但是难度毕竟不大，应该不会有太多问题。

你可以把它当成信来写，也可以把它当做一片介绍性的文章来写（把信的格式去

掉即可）。

由于每个人的家乡、校园和想带去的地方不一样，所以范文是没有太多参考价值的。只要注意：1.明确提出了你要带他去的地方；2.说出关于这个地方的两三个值得去的点或者你曾有过的经历。

这里就给出你的家乡，校园和中国道理一样。

吐槽：四六级出题越来越懒了，，，，，，

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翻译一：

为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

In order to promote the equality of education, China has invested 36 billion yuan for the improvement of the educational facilities in rural

areas and the enhancement of the rural compulsory education in the midwest. The fund is used to modify teaching facilities and to purchase books, benefiting more than 160 thousand primary schools and middle schools. Meanwhile, the fund is used to supplement musical instruments and painting supplies. Nowadays, like the children in coastal cities, those living in rural and mountain areas also have music and painting lessons. As a result, some students, once transferring to other cities for better education, come back to local schools now.

第一句话：目的状语+完成时；第二句，被动语态+分词做结果；第三句：单词；第四句：like的句型，放句首更容易对；四五句之间，注意衔接和逻辑。

详解：

解析：这篇翻译主题突破了以往的中国传统节日，习俗等，考了目前比较热门的教育平等问题。文章难度适中，但是出现了较多重复的汉语，需要同义词的替换，对词汇提出了更高要求。

第一句话，主干为中国已经投入360亿元，需要注意时态为现在完成时。

其他部分都是目的状语, 可以用不定式或短语in order to 或者用介词for来表达。用词方面，“加强”，“改善”，等在2013年12月四级真题以及样题中都已经考过，所以想到improve和enhance并不困难。

第二句话由两个简单句构成，且两句主语一致，所以后半句可以考虑用非谓语，词汇方面，benefit可直接用作及物动词。

第三句话和第二句很相似，无难度。

第四句话，考察”像。。。一样”，like的用法。

第五句话，注意非谓语作定语的使用（transferring to)。

翻译二：

中国应该进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电数的2%。该比例在所有核电国家中居第30位，几乎是最低的。

2011年3月日本人核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核电安全检查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎的恢复。随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。

China should further develop nuclear energy because currently，nuclear power accounts for only 2% of its total generating capacity . Such proportion ranks the thirtieth in all the countries possessing nuclear power, which is almost the last.

After Japan’s nucle ar power accident in March 2011, nuclear power development in China was suspended, so was the approval of new nuclear power plants. Also, the national safety check for the nuclear power was carried out. IT was not until October 2012 that the approval was prudently resumed.

With the improvement of technology and safety measures, there is little possibility for nuclear accidents to happen. In other words, there won’t be any trouble to develop and exploit the nuclear power.

这篇略难，恭喜人品。第一二句，注意逻辑；第三句，注意“排”这个字要用主动；

第二段主要注意时态：过去时。

最后一段，伴随状语和句子间的逻辑。

详解：

试题解析：第一句，考察词汇进一步，占据，以及句子逻辑关系的判断。

第二句注意使用非限制性定语从句。

第三句话是全文最长的一句话，注意几个简单句的合并（so was B以及用逻辑词）；考察词汇停止，开展。

第四句，考察“直到。。。才”（not until)句型。

第五句，简单句，无难度，考察with表伴随。

最后一句，简单句，考察短语换句话说, 以及词汇开发利用。

翻译三：

中国的教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作，而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要，假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣，以后要培养成阅读的习惯就跟难了。

Chinese education workers realized the significance of reading for a nation long time ago. In 2003，some workers suggested that we have a national reading day. They emphasized that people ought to read good

books especially the classic ones. Through reading, people can learn better how to be grateful, responsible and cooperative, and the goal of education is to cultivate these basic personalities. Reading is especially important for middle and primary school students；Therefore, if they don't nurture the interest of reading at that key period, it will be harder for them to develop a habit to read in the future.

解析：第一句话，注意时态（早就，应该是过去式）；第二句话，注意suggest 后的虚拟语气，should do，should经常被省略；第三句话，词汇（重视）、应该的多元性写法（不要只用should）、经典（classic而不是classical）；第四句话，注意介词和两句话之间的逻辑性；第五句话无难度，要注意和第六句话之间的衔接；最后一句话，条件句的主将从现。

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选词填空

本文选自2006年5月16日的经济学人：Brazil: A nation of non-readers https://www.360docs.net/doc/7d14470639.html,/node/5636369

36. N. simply

本空所在句不缺其它成分，该空应为副词。备选副词J) particularly（专门地、

特别地）与N) simply（简单地、仅仅）中，simply符合句意“许多人仅仅是不想学着识字。”

37. A. average

本空修饰名词Brazilian，需要形容词。备选形容词A) average（平均的、普通的）E) expensive（昂贵的）K) potential（潜在的）中，average符合句意“普通的巴西人每年读1.8本非学术书目”。且reads 1.8 non-academic books a year也在提示这里是在描述平均值。

38. M. ranked

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。且与前句并列，而前句用的过去式，因此本空需动词过去式。备选的有C) distributed（分发、散布）、F) launched（发射、发动）、G) named（取名、提名）、H) neglected（忽视）、L) quit（退出、辞职）、M) ranked（排名）和O) treasured（珍惜）。能与空后的18th构成合理搭配的只有ranked，表示“排在第18位”。另外前句描述的也是巴西的排名。

39. F. launched

本空是该句谓语，缺动词。由于描述的是过去的日子，需要过去式。备选的有C) distributed（分发、散布）、F) launched（发射、发动）、G) named（取名、提名）、H) neglected（忽视）、L) quit（退出、辞职）和O) treasured（珍惜）。本空后的专有概念National Plan for Books and Reading明显是个活动或计划之类，能与之构成合理搭配的只有launched，表示“发起了此计划”。

40. E. expensive

本空做表语，主语是books，形容词、动词分词可能性较大。注意到后句提到push up their price，因此这里描述的应该是书的价格，expensive符合话题。

41. H. neglected

本空是所在从句的谓语，且描述的是过去、主句也为过去式，因此这里需要过去式。备选的有C) distributed（分发、散布）、G) named（取名、提名）、H) neglected（忽视）和L) quit（退出、辞职）O) treasured（珍惜）。注意前句引出的话题是巴西对书籍的漠视，本句提到的也是巴西长期奴隶制的影响，因此本空应选择neglected，表示巴西“长期忽视教育”。distributed意思不合理，treasured则与这里想表示的意思相反。

42. K. potential

本空一种可能是副词，但备选副词只剩particularly，而其意思在这里并不合适，这里也没有构成其所表示的递进关系的条件。因此只能考虑本空另一种可能：名词。备选的有B) collection（收集）、D) exhibition（展览）和K) potential（潜力）。potential是唯一意思合理的，表示巴西的图市场“有着最大的增长潜力”。

43. C. distributed

本空位于名词后，应为后置定语，需要动词分词；by提示了这里需要过去分词。备选的有C) distributed（分发、散布）、G) named（取名、提名）和L) quit （退出、辞职）O) treasured（珍惜）。这里意思合理的只有distributed，表示“被政府分发的书籍”。

44. L. quit

本空是该句谓语，其描述的是过去，需要过去式，备选的有G) named（取名、提名）、L) quit（退出、辞职）、和O) treasured（珍惜）。同时该空后无宾语，因此必须是不及物动词，符合此要求的只有quit，表示国家图书馆负责人辞职。

45. B. collection

空前的定冠词提示本空需要名词，备选的有B) collection（收集）和D) exhibition（展览）。这里意思较合理的是collection，它可以表示图书馆的馆藏书籍。意思是“白蚁吃掉了大部分馆藏书籍”。

题目二：

本文节选自Sharon L. Spray, ?K aren Leah McGlothlin所著Global Climate Change一书。

36. I) melted

本空是谓语，需要动词，且空前并列成分谓语用的是过去式ended，因此需要过去式。备选的有melted（融化）和resolved（决心），能与空前ice构成合理意思、且与空后away构成搭配的只有melted，表示“冰川融化”。

37. G) line

本空空前是介词，因此需要名词性成分，且要考虑与空后的with构成搭配。符合要求的只有line（in line with，与……一致）。意思是我们已经接近“与其他最小冰川期时一致的温度”。

38. C) contributing

前句用完成时表示已经达到的状态，本句we are描述的则是正在发生的过程，需要动词的ing形式，且要考虑与空后的介词to构成搭配。备选的有appealing to（呼吁、上诉）、contributing to（促成、导致），ranging后不直接与介词to构成搭配。意思合理的只有contributing，为“我们正促成世界范围内气温的升高”。

39. K) ranging

本空引领的是temperature的后置定语，需要动词分词。备选的有appealing （呼吁、上诉）、ranging（范围在……）和resolved（决心）。空后的between 1℃and 6 ℃明显是范围区间，因此ranging合乎语义。range between/from

A and B为常用搭配。

40. D) dramatic

本空作为表语，且空前有more，提示了本空需要形容词。备选的有appealing （有吸引力的）、dramatic（戏剧性的、突发的）和sensible（明智的）。这里描述的是气候变化的效果，因此dramatic意思更合适，意为“某些地方的气候变化会更加戏剧化”。后半句提到的有些地方可能cool off（变冷）也是暗示气候变化的突发及剧烈。

41. F) impact

空前的the暗示本空需要名词。备选的有average（平均）、impact（影响）和shock（震惊）。impact和shock都能用于与warming构成搭配，但后面提到的different depending on where you are提示了本空应当是一个较为宽泛的概念，故impact更合适，意为“气候变暖的影响因所在地不同而不同”。42. A) appealing

空前的and提示了本空与and前的habitable（宜居的）同词性且义相近。因此本空需要形容词，备选的有appealing（有吸引力的）和sensible（明智的）。意思上与habitable更能并列、描述本句所说的Siberia and northern Canada 的影视appealing，表示“西伯利亚和加拿大北部可能会变得更宜居、更吸引人”。

43. B) average

空前介词on提示了本空需要名词性成分与之构成搭配。备选的有average（平均）和shock（震惊）。这里意思更合理的是average，且on average是固定搭配“平均地”。

44. H) maintain

本空需要谓语，且前句所用为一般现在时，考虑到本句主语为复数scientists，因此本空需要动词原形。备选的有maintain（维持、坚称）、persist（坚持）和shock（震惊）。但persist为不及物动词，而本空后有宾语从句；shock意思不合适是且一般后面接人。因此只能选maintain。意为“有些科学家坚称……”。

45. L) recently

本空所在句不缺其它成分，本空需要副词。备选的又frequently（频繁地）和recently（最近）。空前提到科学家认为气候变化无规律，有些年冷、有些年热（some years are cold, others warm）。本空所在的we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years应当是顺着科学家的观点而来，解释我们现在所处的正好是偏热的年份期。因此本空用recently强调当下更佳。若选frequently表示“我们频繁处在偏热的年份”，则与科学家所持的气温冷热无规律交替的观点不相符合。

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匹配题

本文选自2011年5月21日The American Magazine

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7d14470639.html,/archive/2011/may/the-end-of-the-book

The End of the Book?

By John Steele Gordon

A). Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.

B). Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.

C). Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, "romance fiction," etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in

permanent collections either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for "serious" nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.

D). As for children's books, who knows? Children's books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.

E). For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.

F). One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the differential, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper reduced the cost of producing a book by orders of magnitude compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and untold man-hours of scribe labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe

in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.

G). But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to go extinct, handwriting lingered on well into the 16th century in the practice of "rubricating" books, or hand drawing elaborate initial letters (often in red ink, hence the term). Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.

H). Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old one extinct, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn't, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to drive movies extinct but, again, did not.

I). Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater, such as vaudeville. (Ironically, TV gave vaudeville a brief revival in the 1950s in such shows as “The Ed Sullivan Show” and brought many of the old vaudeville stars—Sophie Tucker, Jimmy Durante, Ben Blue—out of retirement.) And while TV didn't kill movies, it did kill B pictures, shorts, and, alas, cartoons.

J). Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch te levision at the same time, radio prime time became rush hour, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.

K). Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry replaced the chariot on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn't had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized "an officer and a gentleman."

L). Sometimes new technology is a little cranky at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a back up. Steam captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn't lose their rigging and sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount

two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser n eed for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)

M). Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was ubiquitous in upper- and middle-class homes by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deeply ingrained, atavistic love of fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic predisposition towards fire as a central aspect of a human habitation (just consider the phrase "hearth and home").

N). Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly flip through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a

feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.

O). For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lights go out.

46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.

答案：D

解析：对应D段末句。printed versions（纸质版本）对应hard copy（印刷版本），be considered important ones（被认为重要）对应become the mark…to reckon（认为是标志）。

47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.

答案：N

解析：对应N段第三句提到的tactile pleasure in books（书本的触觉上的愉悦）。

48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more

listeners.

答案：J

解析：对应J段最后两句。changed greatly（巨大改变）对应a very different business（相当不同的行业），attracts more listeners（吸引更多听众）对应enlarged their audience（扩大受众面）。

49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.

答案：H

解析：对应H段第二句。many people’s prediction对应widely predicted。

50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.

答案：A

解析：这是对A段所描述的电子书在近几年内大幅增长的现象的概括。

51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability. 答案：L

解析：对应L段第三句。continues to exist（继续存在）对应remain（保持），reliability（可靠）对应backup（支持、后盾）。

52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.

答案：B

解析：对应B段第三句。make changes（做出改变）对应go through a transformation（经历转变），not seen for centuries是对该句后部分时间表达的概括。

53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.

答案：F

解析：对应F段第一句。a clear advantage（明显优势）岁对better, cheaper or both的概括。take the place of（代替）对应replace（代替）。

54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.

答案：C

解析：完全对应C段第二句。

55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.

答案：M

解析：对应M段第三句。has a stronger appeal to buyers（对购买者有很强吸引力）对应a powerful selling point（强劲卖点）。

仔细阅读一：

仔细阅读二：

本文原文出处：2012年12月7号The Americans

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7d14470639.html,/archive/2012/december/depending-on-energy-no t-energy-independent

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