选词填空练习及答案详解15篇

2010年6月英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析（1）

A f ter the violent earthquake that s hook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake sc ientis ts had good new s to report: T he damage and death toll(死亡人数) c ould have been muc h wors e. M ore than 60 people died in this earthquake. By

c omparison, an

d earthquak

e o

f similar __1__ that shook A meric a in 1998claimed 25,000 vic tims.

I njuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles bec ause the quake occ urred at 4:31 a.m. O n a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. I n addition, __3__ made to the c ons truction c odes in Los Angeles during the las t 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.

I n the pas t, making s tructures quake-res ist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, s uc h as s teel and wo od, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and ins ert rubber and s teel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impac t of ground vibrations. T he mos t __7__ des igns give buildings brains as well as c onc rete and s teel s upports, called s mart buildings, the s tructures respond like living organis ms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground s hakes and the building tips forward, the c omputer would __8__ the building to s hift in the opposite direction. T he new des igns s hould offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.

T he new s mart struc tures c ould be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

[A]c hanges

[B]flexible

[C]dec reas e

[D]recent

[E]pus h

[F]reduce

[G]relatively

[H]s af ety

[I]res is tant

[J]expensive

[K]forc e

[L]accordingly

[M]intensity

[N]s ecurity

[O]oppos ed

【答案及详解】

Answers：

1.选M)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake，说明该名词是“地震”的自然属性。选项中的名词有

c hanges，safety，intens ity和sec urity，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。

2.选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively“相对的”和acc ordingly“相应的”，第一段说这次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中“高速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的“死伤人数”与1998年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。

3.选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have s trengthened the c ity’s buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。

4.选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the c ity’s buildings and highways, have s trengthened "被加固"说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有res is tant符合这个意思，故选I)。

5.选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的...bent without breaking "即使弯曲也不会折断"，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示“柔韧的，可变形的”，故B)正确。

6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文ins ert rubber and s teel between the building and its foundation“在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少the impac t of ground vibrations"地面震动对建筑物的影响"。选项中dec reas e和reduce都可以表示“减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduc e更符合题意。

7.选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的I n the pas t, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有rec ent可表示时间，the mos t recent des ighs“最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应“过去，后来”，故D)为正确答案。

8.选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词pus h和forc e之间悬着。pus h强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里forc e符合文意。

9.选N)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多的安全保障，选项中表示“安全”的词有s afety和s ecurity，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)sec urity更符合文意。

10.选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的H owever后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，H owever前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。

(2)

Cancer is feared by everyone. A nd this fear is reaching epidemic(流行性) proportions. N ot the dis eas e itself —there is no s uc h thing as a cancer epidemic. E xcept for lung c ancer, mostly caus ed by c igarette s moking ,the incidence rates are

leveling off, and in the case of s ome kinds of c anc er are dec reas ing. But the fear of c ancer is c atching, and the c ountry s tands at ris k of an anxiety, T he earth itself is c oming to seem like a hug e c arc inogen(致癌物). T he ordinary, more or less scientific s tatement that s omething between 80 and 90 percent of all c ancers are dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be s afe until the whole environment is “c leaned up.” T his is not at all the meaning.

T he 80-percent calc ulation is bas ed on the unthinkable differenc es in the inc idenc e of c anc er in various s ocieties around the world —for example, the high proportion of liver c ancer in A fric a and the Far E as t, s tomac h canc er in Japan, breas t c ancer in Wes tern E urope and N orth A merica, and the relatively low figures for breas t canc er in Japan and parts of A frica and for liver c ancer in A meric a. T hese data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influenc es, largely based on pers onal life-s tyle, that determine the incidence of various forms of c anc er in different c ommunities—but that is all the data s ugges t. T he overall incidence of c ancer, c ounting up all the cas es, is probable roughly the same everywhere.

1.Which of the following is c los est to meaning to the phras e “leveling off”?

A)Bec ame very popular

B)Reac hed its lowes t level in popularity

C)Stopped being popular

D)Stopped increasing its popularity

2.Acc ording to the passage, the incidence of c ancer is generally believed _____.

A)to be based on inac tive life s tyle

B)to be due to anxiety

C)to result from environmental influences

D)to be c aused by heavy s moking

3.I t can be inferred from the pass age that the writer’s opinion about the r elations hip between canc er and environment is_____.

A)positive

B)negative

C)neutral

D)approving

4.Acc ording to the passage, the writer s eems to feel that_____.

A)c ancer risk is on the ris e

B)the whole earth resembles a huge carc inogen

C)the ris k of c atc hing canc er is not s o great as mos t people c onceive

D)c anc er c an be c ured sooner or later

5.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the pass age?

A)Canc er and Environment

B)T he Fear C aused by Cancers

C)Data on C ancer I nc idence

D)Canc er and its I nvestigation

【答案及详解】

D，C，B，C，A

大家都害怕癌症，这种恐慌正在蔓延开来。倒不是惧怕癌症本身，癌症也并非流行病。除了主要由于抽烟引起的肺癌之外，癌症的发病率不但稳定下来，而且有些还正在减少。但人们却都谈“癌”色变，陷入一种惶恐不安之中。地球本身看上去就越来越像一个巨大的致癌物。有一种多多少少带点科学性的普遍说法，认为80%到90%的癌症都是由于环境中的物质引起的。也就是说，直到把整个环境都“清洁干净”，我们才没有危险。然而，数据所说明的真正含义根本不是这样。

80%这个数据是基于全球不同地区癌症发病率的差异统计出来的。比如，非洲和远东地区肝癌比例高，日本胃癌比例高，西欧和北美乳腺癌比例高，但是日本和非洲部分地区乳腺癌病例较少，美洲肝癌病例也较少。这些差异使人难于置信。这些数据表明，不同地区癌症的发病率可能受到环境中某些具体和特殊的影响，其实这种影响主要是由个人的生活方式决定的。所以数据不能说明全部情况。如果把所有病例合计起来，也许各地总体发病率都大致相同。

(3)

U ntil the 1980s, the A meric an homeless population c omprised mainly older males. T oday, homelessness s trikes muc h younger part of s ociety. I n fact, a 25-city s urvey by the U. S. Conference of M ayors in 1987 found that families with c hildren make up the fastes t growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless c hildren gather in inner c ities; this trans ient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened s tudent population c reates additional problems— both legal and educ ational — for already overburdened urban school adminis trators and teac hers.

Es timates of the number of homeless Americ ans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, es timates of the number of homeless sc hool c hildren vary radic ally. A U.S. Department of Educ ation report, based on s tate es timates, s tates that there are 220,000 homeless school-age c hildren, about a third of whom do not attend sc hool on a regular bas is, But the National C oalition for the H omeless es timates that there are at leas t two times as many homeless c hildren, and that less than half of them attend sc hool regularly.

O ne part of the homeless population that is partic ularly diffic ult to count c onsis ts of the “throwaway” youths who have been cas t of their homes. T he E lementary Sc hool Center in N ew Y ork City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not c ounted as c hildren bec ause they do not stay in family s helters and tend to live by thems elves on the streets.

Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney H omeless Assistanc e Act of 1987, inc ludes a s ection that addresses the educ ational needs of homeless c hildren. T he educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless c hildren have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1. I t is implied in the firs t paragraph that ____.

A) the writer hims elf is homeless, even in his eighties

B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25cities

C) there is a s erious s hortage of ac ademic facilities

D) homeless c hildren are denied the opportunity of receiving free education

2. T he National C oalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless c hildren is _____.

A) 350,000

B) 1,500,000

C) 440,000

D) 110,000

3. O ne part of the homeless population is diffic ult to es timate. T he reas on might well be ____.

A) the homeless c hildren are too young to be c ounted as c hildren

B) the homeless population is growing rapidly

C) the homeless children us ually s tay outs ide sc hool

D) s ome homeless c hildren are des erted by their families

4. T he McKinney Ac t is mentioned in this pass age in order to s how that ___.

A) the educ ational problems of homeless c hildren are being recognized

B) the es timates on homeless c hildren are hard to determine

C) the address of grade-sc hool c hildren s hould be loc ated

D) all homeless people are entitled to free education

5. T he pass age mainly deals with ____.

A) the legal problems of the homeless c hildren

B) the educ ational problems of homeless c hildren

C) the s ocial s tatus of older males

D) es timates on the homeless population

【答案及详解】

答案：C C D A B

直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。

美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。

有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的“浪荡”少年。据纽约小学中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。

联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德?B?麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所

(4)

Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respec t few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms s o __1__ in the U nited States?

A mong the arguments for uniforms, one of the firs t is that in the eyes of mo st people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) c lothes. P eople have bec ome c onditioned to __3__ s uperior quality from a man who wears a uniform. T he televis ion repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mec hanic is increased by a uniform. What an eas ier way is there for a nurs e, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to s tep out of uniform?U niforms als o have many __7__ benefits. T hey save on other clothes. T hey s ave on laundry bills. T hey are often more c omfortable and more durable than c ivilian clothes.

P rimary among the arguments agains t uniforms is their lack of variety and the c onsequent loss of __8__ experienc ed by people who mus t wear them. T hough there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any partic ular

type is generally s tuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and ac t __10__, on the job at leas t.

[A]s kill

[B]popular

[C]get

[D]c hange

[E]similarly

[F]professional

[G]c harac ter

[H]individuality

[I]ins pire

[J]differently

[K]expec t

[L]practical

[M]rec all

[N]los e

[O]ordinary

【答案及详解】

1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and res pec t few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的profess ional“职业的”、prac tic al“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。

2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more...than c ivilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与c ivilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有profess ional“职业的”和c ivilian相对的，故F)正确。而pratic al“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。

3.选K)。由be c onditioned to do s th.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词，只有K)expec t符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。

4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有ins pire“使产生”符合文章。

5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mec hanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A)s kill符合原文意思。

6.选N)。此处应填动词。...s tep out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N)los e。

7.选L)。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L)pratic al符合原文意思。

8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别，而c harac ter指的是个人特定的内在本质。

9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填c hange，故D)正确。

10.选E)。此处应填副词，修饰动词ac t。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有s imilarly和differently，很明显，E)similarly与alike意思相近，故选E)。

(5)

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and s alaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for c alc ulations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in disc ussions with the employees about pay.

I f a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary s tructure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. I n order to be __4__, that new pay struc tur e will need agreement between T rade U nions and employers. I n job evaluation, all of the requirements of eac h job are defined in a detailed job desc ription. Eac h of thsoe requirements is given a value, us ually in "points", whic h are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a s pecial method is us ed to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their res ponsibility, and their __6__ to s olve problems. Becaus e of the diffic ulty in meas uring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation sys tem bas ed on points.

I n attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with thes e in the job market. __9__, payment for a job s hould vary with any differenc es in the way that the job is performed. Where it is s imple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement sc hemes are often c hos en, for __10__ workers, where measurement is diffic ult, methods of additional payments are employed.

[A]c ompare

[B]res pons ible

[C]us eful

[D]added

[E]find

[F]referenc e

[G]indirect

[H]method

[I]s uccess ful

[J]c ombined

[K]N ec essarily

[L]c apac ity

[M]ability

[N]Bas ically

[O]adopt

【答案及详解】

1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”，选项中的形容词res pons ible“负责任的”，us eful“有用的”，indirec t“间接的”，s uccess ful“成功的”，其中indirec t不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)res ponsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。

2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有c ompare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).

3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H)method。

4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词us eful和succ ess ful，

I)s eccess ful更符合原文意思。

5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值...起来to give a total value"得出总分值"，选项中有added 和c ombined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意为“把...结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D)added最符合文意。

6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先s olve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的c apacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。

7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与...无关”。故选F)reference。

8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of eac h job“每种工作的价值”和thes e in the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有c ompare表示“比较”，所以A)正确。

9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中N ec essarily“必须地”与Basic ally“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。

10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即s imple to meas ure the work done"易于评估的工作"，通常用现金奖励办法;而...meas urement is diffic ult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirec t符合原句的意思。

(6)

N ow let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move ac ross a page in s hort, jerky movement. We rec ognize words us ually when our eyes are s till when they fixate. Eac h time they fixate, we see a group of words. T his is known as the rec ognition s pan or the vis ual s pan. The length of time ofr whic h the eyes s top ---the duration of the fixation ----varies cons iderably from person to pers on. I t also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it c an be affec ted by s uc h fac tors as lighting and tiredness.

U nfortunately, in the pas t, many reading improvement cours es have c oncentrated too muc h on how our eyes move ac ross the printed page. As a result of this mis leading emphas is on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devis ed to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For ins tance, in s ome exerc ises, words are flas hed on to a screen for, s ay, a tenth or a twentieth of a s econd. One of the exerc ises has required s tudents to f ix their eyes on some c entral point, taking in the words on either s ide. Suc h word patterns are often c ons truc ted in the s hape of rather s teep pyramids s o the reader takes in more and more words at each s uccessive fixation. A ll these exercises are very c lever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to s ee words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text effic iently. Reading requires the ability to unders tand the relations hip between words.

Cons equently, for thes e reas ons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, es pec ially sinc e any approac h whic h

trains a person to read is olated words and phras es would seem unlikely to help him in reading a c ontinuous text.

Q:

1. T he time of the rec ognition s pan c an be affected by the following facts except ________ .

A. one’s familiarity with the text

B. one’s purpose in reading

C. the length of a group of words

D. lighting and tiredness

2. T he author may believe that reading ______.

A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B. requires a reader to s ee words more quickly

C. demands an deeply-partic ipating mind

D. demands more mind than eyes

3 What does the author mean by s aying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to s ee words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text effic iently.” in the s econd parapraph?

A. T he ability to s ee words is not needed when an effic ient reading is conducted.

B. T he reading exerc ises mentioned c an’t help to improve both the ability to s ee and to c omprehend words.

C. T he reading exercises mentioned c an’t help to improve an effic ient reading.

D. T he reading exerc ises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to s ee words.

4. Whic h of the following is NOT true?

A. T he vis ual s pan is a word or a group of words we s ee eac h time.

B. M any experts began to ques tion the effic ienc y of eye training.

C. T he emphas is on the purely vis ual aspec ts is mis leading.

D.T he eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

5. T he tune of the author in writing this artic le is ________

A c ritical

B neutral

C prss imis tic

D optimistic

【答案及详解】答案：CCCDA

解题思路

1C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。

2C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以A B两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D

3C。作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。

4 D。第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。

5A。参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。

(7)

Baekeland and H artmann report that the “s hort sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or s o, the men volunta rily began c utting down their nightly s leep time bec ause of press ures from school, work, and other activities. T hese men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsc ious ness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

I n general, these “s hort sleeps” appeared ambitious, ac tive, energetic, c heerful, c onformis t(不动摇) in their opinions, and very s ure about their c areer c hoices. T hey often held s everal jobs at onc e, or workers full-or part-time while going to sc hool. A nd many of them had a strong u rge to appear “normal” or “acc eptable” to their friends and ass ociates.

When as ked to rec all their dreams, the “s hort sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they s eemed to prefer not remembering. I n s imilar fashion, their us ual way of dealing with psyc hol ogical problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep bus y in the hope that the trouble would go away.

T he s leep patterns of the “s hort s leepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, s leep patterns s hown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).

T he “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and H artmann report that these young men had been lengthy s leeps sinc e c hildhood. T hey s eemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite c oncerned when they were occ asionally deprived of their desired 9hours of nightly bed rest. T hey tended to recall their dreams muc h better than did the “s hort sleepers.”

M any of the “long sleepers” were s hy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), pass ive, mildly depressed, and uns ure of thems elves (partic ularly in s ocial s ituations). Several openly s tates that s leep was an escape from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______.

A) many s hort s leepers need less sleep by nature

B) many s hort s leepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time bec aus e they are bus y with their work

C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

D) many long sleepers pres erve their s leeping habit formed during their c hildhood

2. M any “s hort s leepers” are like ly to hold the view that _____.

A) s leep is a withdrawal from the reality

B) s leep interferes with their s ound judgement

C) sleep is the leas t expens ive item on their routine program

D) s leep is the best way to deal with psyc hologic al troubles

3. I t is stated in the third paragraph that s hort sleepers _____.

A) are ideally vigorous even under the press ures of lif e

B) often neglec t the cons equences of inadequate sleep

C) do not know how to relax properly

D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When s ometimes they c annot enjoy adequate s leep, the long sleepers might ____.

A) appear disturbed

B) bec ome energetic

C) feel diss atis fied

D) be extremely depressed

5. Whic h of the following is N ot inc luded in the passage?

A) I f one s leeps inadequately, his performanc e s uffers and his memory is weakened

B) T he s leep patterns of s hort sleepers are exac tly the s ane as those s hown by many mental patients

C) Long and s hort s leepers differ in their attitudes towards s leep

D) Short s leepers would be better off with more res t

【答案及详解】

答案：DC BAB

贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。

总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。

当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。

“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。

“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。

2010年6月英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(8)

What is it about Americ ans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We s ay we want only the bes t, but we s trangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2with health and weight loss but fac e an unprec edented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). P erhaps the 3to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. T he firs t E uropeans c ame to this c ontinent searc hing for new s pices but went in vain. T he firs t c as h c rop(经济作物) was n’t eaten but s moked. T hen there was P rohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually enc ouraging more 4 ways of doing it.

T he immigrant experienc e, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americ ans”eat, but our nation’s food has c ome to be 5 by imports—pizza, s ay, or hot dogs. A nd some of the c ountry’s mos t treas ured c ooking c omes from people who arrived here in s hackles.

P erhaps it s hould c ome as no s urprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Bos ton T ea P arty or the sit ins at s outhern lunch c ounters. It is integral to our conc epts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alc ohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political

But strong opinions have not brought 7 . A mericans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have bec ome 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.

T he 9in food is s t ill prosperous in the A meric an c onscious ness. It’s no coincidenc e, then, that the firs t T hanks giving holds the A meric an imagination in s uch bondage(束缚). I t’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and s trangers—that help define Americ a as a community today.

A. ans wer I. c reative

B. res ult J. belief

C. s hare K. s us pic ious

D. guilty L. certainty

E. c onstant M. obsessed

F. defined N. identify

G. vanis h O. ideals

H. adapted

【答案及详解】

1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about s th. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。

2. M be obs essed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。

3. A本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项ans wer.

4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。

5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。

6. B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reas ons来推断此处填政治结果。

7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。

8. K系动词bec ome后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become s us pic ious of “对……感到怀疑”。

9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in s th.“ 相信……”。

10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为s hare, s hare s th. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。

(9)

M any a young pers on tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ s uc h people, but I also explain that there’s a big differenc e between "being a writer" and writing. I n most c ases thes e ind ividuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "Y ou’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."T he reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kiss ed by fortune there arethousands more whos e longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. C oast Guard to bec ome a freelancewriter(自由

撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New Y ork apartment building.

I t didn’t even matter that it was__6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike

a __7__ writer.A fter a year or s o, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ mys elf. I t was s o hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I was n’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if?I would keeo putting my dream to the tes t----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. T his is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.

A) barely

B) genuine

C) rewarded

D) doubt

E) lonely

F) poverty

G) pers uade

H) prospects

I) uncertainty

J)imposs ibly

K) enc ourage

L)awarded

M) alone

N)wealth

O)c old

【答案】

1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, pers uade, enc ourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和pers uade而选encourage。

2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有pros pec ts和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中T he reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除pros pec ts而选wealth。

3.选E)。此处应填形容词，private, poor-paying一起修饰affair。选项中有lonely和alone,能修饰affair的只有lonely,alone 表示“孤独的”时，通常作表语，故排除alone而选lonely。

4.选C)。此处应填动词的被动形式。可选项有re warded和awarded,前者可表示“(为所希望的举动得到的)回报”，后者作动词时表示“颁发，授予”，故只有rewarded符合题意而排除awarded。

5.选H)。此处应填名词。“当我辞别了我在美国海岸警卫队20年工作成为一个自由撰稿人时，没有任何......可言”，可选项有

pros pects和wealth，但wealth一般指抽象意义上的“金钱”，因此排除wealth而选pros pects“前途”。

6.选O)。it指代的是apartment building，从had no bathroom可知这个公寓条件很差，选项中只有c old能说明公寓的条件差，故选择O)c old。

7.选B)。“我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己就好像是一个......的作家”，由前面提到的to become a freelance writer 可推知，此处作者是想成为一个真正的作家，故选项中只有genuine“真正的”符合题意。

8.选D)。由空格前的to可知，此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt,pers uade,enc ourage,但由s till hadn’t gotten a break"在写作上还没有任何进展”，所以此处应理解为他开始怀疑自己的选择是否正确，故doubt符合文意。

9.选A)。that从句结构完整，后面有made，故此处应填副词。可选项有barely和imposs ibly，因that引导的从句是对s tory 的解释，再由hard一词可推知，此处应填的副词应表达肯定的意思，故排除impossibly而选barely“仅仅，刚刚”。

10.选I)。由空格后的and可知，此处应填名词。由fear of failure可知，所填词应表示不好的境遇，可选项有poverty和uncertainty;又由fear可推知，此处强调的是生活的变化无常，而不是生活的贫困，故选unc ertainty。

2010年6月英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(10)

I t’s never eas y to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with hones ty and think how often you’ve judged roughly, s aid __1__ things, pus hed yours elf ahead at the expense of a friend. T hen c ou nt the occas ions when you indicated clearly and __2__ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, is n’t it? Frightening becaus e some deeP wis dom in us know s that when even a s mall wrong has been committed, s ome

mys terious moral feeling is __3__, and it stays out of balance until fault is ac knowledged and __4__ is expressed.I remember a doc tor friend, telling me about a man who c ame to him with a variety of s igns: headac hes, insomnia and s tomac h trouble. N o __5__ caus e c ould be found. Finally my friend s aid to th e man, "U nless you tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t helPyou."A fter s ome hes itation, the man __6__ that, as executor of his faher’s will, he had been c heating his brother, who lived abroad, of his__7__. T hen and there the wis e old doctor made the man write to his brother as king __8__ and enc los ing a c heque as the f irs t stePin res toring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the c orridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burs t into tears. "Thank you," H e said, "I think I’m __9__." An d he was. A heartfelt apology c an not only __10__ a damaged relations hiP but als o make it s tronger. I f you c an think of s omeone who deserves an apology from you, s omeone you have wronged, or jus t neglected, do s omething about it right now.

A)heal

B)mental

C)unkind

D)regret

E)acc urately

F)c onfessed

G)inheritance

H)phys ical

I)c ured

J)treat

K)truly

L)unfaithful

M)forgiveness

N)dis turbed

O)exc us e

【答案】

1.选C)。此处应填形容词。从后面的pus hed yours elf ahead at the expens e of a friend可知，说的是不好的话，可选项有unkind和unfaithful，但由前面的judged roughly“粗鲁的评判”可知这里表示说话时不考虑他人的感受，因此unkind“刻薄的”更加符合上下文语气。

2.选K)。由c learly and一词可知，此处应填副词，与c losely一起修饰道歉时的情形。选项有acc urately和truly,由“回想一下你曾明确地并......地表示自己歉意的场合”，能使句意通顺的是truly“真诚地”，而acc urately一般表示“(数据计算得)精确地”，故排除。

3.选N)。it s tays out of balance until...，其中it=s ome mysterious moral feeling可推出，出于道义上的原因，人会感到不安，故选dis turbed“不安的”。而c onfess ed“公开承认的”不符合句意。

4.选D)。此处应填名词。从“知道承认错误，表达......之后，才能觉得安心，”选项中只有regret“歉意”符合题意。

5.选H)。此处应填形容词。由headac hes，ins omnia(失眠)and stomach trouble可推出，可选项有mental和physic al，由朋友的话“U nless... Worrying you, I can’t helPyou." 可知这个人是由于心理上的原因，而不是生理上的，故选phys ic al即N o phys ical caus e...。

6.选F)。此处应填动词。选项中的动词有c onfessed，c ured和dis turbed，但由A fter s ome hes itation可推出，此人是在向医生坦白情况，故选择c onfessed“坦白”。

7.选G)。此处应填名词。由as exec utor of his father’s will可推知，此处说明的是，在遗产继承方面，他一直在欺骗他居住在国外的兄弟，故只有选项inheritanc e符合题意。

8.选M)。此处应填名词。由res toring their good relation可推知，他是写信给他兄弟请求原谅，故选项中只有forgiveness符合题意。选项中exc use用作名词时，一般解释为“理由，借口”而没有“原谅”的意思，故排除。

9.选I)。由第二段最后一句waht’s worrying you和这个人的感情T hank you可推出，此处说明的是医生治好了他的心病，选项中只有c ured符合题意。

10.选A)。此处应填动词的圆形。But also make it s tronger“使人际关系更加稳固”，it指代a damaged relations hip，由此可知，空格处应填表示“修复”的词，选项中的heal则有“治愈，修复”的意思，符合原文意思。treat一般专指医学上的治疗，用在此处不合适。

2010年6月英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(12)

N owadays, is it possible to tell a pers on’s cla ss jus t by looking at him?P hys ical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working c lass very often lookd unhealthy, s mall and were either too thin or too fat. T he upper classes were often __2__, s porting ty pes who were us ed to a good diet and looked healthy. T oday living and working c onditions have improved, and suc h __3__ would no longer be s o true.T he c lothes people c hoos e to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. T he most obvious way in whic h is for the amount of money s pent on them. E xpens ive clothes look expens ive and s how their wearer had money. C lothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or c otton. Lower working c lass people often c hoos e c lothes in bright c olours, made of man-made material. A s ociologic al explanation for this would be that c olor and interes t are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a pric e within mos t people’s reac h. N ew clothes make the wearer feel good, and s how s ome __9__ of wealth to the outside world. T oday s ome new fas hions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. T hey want people to look at them.

A) available

B) background

C) different

D) tall

E) totally

F) taken

G) desc riptions

H) degree

I) c lues

J) alone

K) appear

L) c onsider

M) full

N) hobby

O)fetc hed

【答案】

1.选J)。此处应填副词。可选项有totally和alone，由前一句中jus t可推出，外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况，平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级，故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。

2.选D)。此处应填形容词。因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比，故此处应填与s mall“矮的”意思相反的词，选项中只有tall符合题意。而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰s porting types,故排除。

3.选G)。此处应填名词。现在的生活和工作条件改善了，情况已经不同了。而s uc h指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述，故desc riptions“描述”符合题意。

4.选B)。此处应填名词。根据句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”，选项中有bac kground和hobby，选background“人的背景，社会阶层”，符合文章主题。

5.选I)。由as well可知，此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近，选项中只有c lues“线索”符合题意。

6.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。选项中有appear和c onsider,appear可直接接不定式;而c ons ider带不定式的复合结构，用于主动语态时，c ons ider后面得接宾语，故选appear。

7选F)。这句中this指代bright c olour，句子主干是any opportunity is...。可选项有taken和fetc hed,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭配，但fetc h“拿来”不能与opportunity构成动宾搭配，故排除fetc hed而选taken。

8.选A)。此处应填形容词。句子意思是“衣服的价钱......，大多数人都买得起。”选项中只有available“可以接受的”符合题意。

9.选H)。此处应填名词。由a pric e within most people’s reac h可推出，此处新衣服向外界显示的是穿衣者的富裕程度，故选择degree“程度”。

10.选C)。此处应填形容词。由new fas hions和feel important可推出工人阶级想通过穿衣来改变他们，而选项中只有d ifferent“与众不同的”符合此意，故选择C)。

2010年6月英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(13)

Videoc onferencing is nothing more than a television s et or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferenc ing, not only your voic e but als o your f ac e, the s urroundings and any other graphic and phis ical __1__ can be captured and