口译词汇汇总
经济贸易
国民经济常用语
中央计划经济centrally planned economy
指令性经济mandatory plan
网络经济Internet-based economy
实证经济学positive economy
外向型经济export-oriented economy
实体经济the real economy
规模经济economies of scale
规模不经济diseconomy of scale
经济规律laws of economics
看不见的手the invisible hand
发挥市场调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market
经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages
经济计划和市场调节相结合combine economic planning with market regulation 优化资源配置optimize allocations of scale
规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale
比较优势comparative advantage
新凯恩思主义new Keynesian
货币主义者monetarist
供给学派supply-side economist
企业集团business conglomerate
全民所有制ownership by the whole people
集体所有制collective ownership
国有企业state-ownership enterprises(SOEs)
集体企业partnership enterprises
私营企业private businesses
民营企业privately-run businesses
中小企业small and medium enterprises(Sees) 三资企业three forms of foreign-invested enterprises
连锁企业franchise/chain businesses
下游企业down-stream enterprises
高附加值high added value
主要经济指标major economic indicator
人均国内生产总值GDP per capita
工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 工业增加值industrial added value
实际增长率growth rate in real terms
年均增长率average growth rate per am mum
可持续增长sustainable growth
出口导向型增长export-led growth
投资驱动增长investment-driven growth
增额；增加值increment
经济效益economic returns/business performance
社会商品零售总额total retail sales
百分点percentage point
按原口径计算calculate at the base line
按不变价格计算calculate at constant price
按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price
投资回报率rate of return on investment
外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value
外贸顺差foreign trade surplus
逆差deficit
实际利用外资foreign investment in place
资金到位fully funded
财政收入tax revenue
国民收入national income
总需求曲线aggregate demand curve
总供给曲线aggregate supply curve
总支出曲线aggregate expenditures curve
消费价格指数consumer price index(CIP)
零售价格指数retail price index(CPI)
生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost
生活费用income available for living expenses
扣除物价因素in real terms
居民储存存款domestic savings
恩格尔系数（食品开支比例）Engel coefficient
基尼系数（地区差别）Gina coefficient
科斯定理Cease’s theorem
购买力平价法purchasing power parity(PPP)
片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth
经济增长减速slowdown of economic growth
泡沫经济bubble economy
经济过热overheating of economy
炒房地产热frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 三角债chain debts/interenterprise arrears
结构失调structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance
优化结构structural optimization
供大于求oversupply
供不应求short supply
需求拉动的通货膨胀demand-pull inflation
恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation
滞胀stagflation
菲律普曲线（失业与货胀）Phillips cure
经济紧缩crunch
不景气slump/sluggish
衰退recession
大萧条great depression
负增长negative depression
高息集资raise funds by offering high interest
超前消费deficit spending
收益递减diminishing returns
边际效用递减diminishing marginal utility
财政赤字（盈余）budget deficit(surplus)
瓶颈制约bottleneck constrains
双头垄断duopoly
提高经济效益enhance economic performance/increase economic returns
社会效益beneficial social effect
充分就业full employment
实现持续，稳定，协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development
培育新的经济增长点foster new sectors economic growth
拉动经济增长fuel economic growth
扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one
放权让利decentralization and interest concessions
深化改革intensify reform/deepen one’s commitment to reforms
配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套资金counterpart funds/local funding of
改革试点pilot for reform
放松管制deregulation
权利下放decentralization
杠杆率leverage ratio
杠杆收购leveraged buyout
利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
费改税transform administrative fees into taxes
债转股debt-to-equity swap
充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy
事实积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment
再注资recapitalization
放松银根to ease monetary policy
收紧银根tighten up monetary policy
通货紧缩deflation
适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy
信用紧缩credit crunch
启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector
加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy/accelerate IT application in economy
实现经济增长方式的转变effect change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to performance gains)
优化经济结构optimize economic structure
输入活力bring vigor into
扩大内需expand domestic demand
改善居民心理预期inspire the general public’s confidence in the future needs
鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption
整顿经济秩序rectify economic order
市场潜力转化为现实的购买Market potential turns into tangible purchasing power 基本适度broadly appropriate
平衡发展balanced development
平稳回升steady recovery
普遍回升broad-based recovery
软着陆soft landing
复式预算制capital and current budgetary account
工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio
规范行为regularize behavior
国计民生national interest and people’s livelihood
基础设施投资investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素economic fundamentals
（银行资金）头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)
招标投标制the system of public bidding for project
适销对路的产品the right products/readily marketable products
经济特区special economic zones(Seas)
“十五”计划The 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development
劳动密集型labor intensive
技术，智力，资本密集型technology knowledge or capital intensive
高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value
技术入股technology appraised as capital stock
风险投资venture investment
生产资料capital goods
固定资产投资investment in fixed assets
折旧费depreciation cost
关系国计民生的产品products vital to national economy and people’s livelihood
朝阳产业sunrise(emerging) industry
承包经营contract for business management
承包责任制system for contracted responsibility
计件工资制度piece-rate system
最高限价price ceiling
鼓励give incentive to
非公有成分non-public sectors
主要成分dominant sector
引进；输入importation
搞活企业invigorate enterprises
经济繁荣economy boom
中国现代化三步走战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive
1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番GNP91990) doubles that of 1980
2000年人均国内生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平GDP of 2000 guadruples that of 1980;people live a fairy comfortable life.
到21世纪中期，达到中等发达国家水平21st century, the lever of development is expected to be a par with the mid-ranking developed countries.
新兴工业化国家newly industrialized countries(NICs)
商务谈判用语
贸易谈判
这是我们的价目表This is our price list.
您觉得这个报价如何？What did you think about that offer?
这些价格是你们的国内价吗？Are these prices for your domestic customers as well. 这些价格也同样使用于海外We apply these prices to overseas customers as well.
我们可以还价We may make a counteroffer.
市场条件依国家不同而异Market conditions vary from country to country.
您应该知道，本地市场竞争很激烈As you may know, the market here is very competitive.
换句话说，我们需要较低的价格In other words, we need lower prices.
您可以报一个更合适的价格吗？Could you make a more favorable offer?
价格因数量而有所不同Prices depend on volume.
您对市场怎么预测？What is your estimate of the market?
你们的价格高的太离谱了Your prices are much too high.
我可以降到70美元，这是最低价了I am prepared to go to 70 US dollars, but no further.
那我们暂定在70美元Then, let us shake on 70 US dollars.
假如今天下定单，什么时候可以收货？When could I expect to get the supply if I gave you an order today?
您可以确定发货日期吗？Could you confirm the dispatch date?
产品怎样包装，运输？How are the products packaged and shipped?
您打算怎样付款？How would you propose to pay?
我们通常在发货后40天内用支票付款We always pay by check 40 days after dispatch..
我们必须有信用证才能出货We always ask for a letter of credit before dispatch.
贵公司可以做我们的经销商，但不是代理商，同意吗？Your company can become our distributor, but not agent. Do you agree?
经销商指的是贵公司可以自行出货，并以合理的差价卖出By distributor, I mean that your company may buy the products on your own account, and resell them with a reasonable markup.
代理商指的是贵公司以抽佣金方式卖我们公司的产品By agent, I mean that your company may sell the products on behalf of my company and receives commission. 合资经营谈判
下一步，假如该产品畅销，我们可以考虑在本地直接生产Thinking ahead, assuming that the product sells well, we may consider the possibility of producing it here.
我们公司必须对这样的合资企业拥有控股权Our company must have a controlling interest in such joint venture.
股权比例可以商量，不排除各占50 的合资We are flexible about the ownership ratio and do not rule out a 50/50 JV.
我认为，50对50的投资比例行不通I do not believe a 50/50 venture is workable. 我建议可以考虑采取合伙制形式I suggest we consider the form of partnership.
如何确定股权价值How would the value of equity be determined?
该合资企业有什么负责人？What kind of officers does the JV have?
由谁来提名这些负责人？Who would nominate the officers?
总裁任期时间多久？What is the duration of the term of CEO?
我方已有几个总裁人选We have a few CEO candidates in mind.
由于总部开会都用汉语，总裁如果是中国人，沟通就比较方便Since meetings are held at our head office and carried out in the Chinese language, it would facilitate communication if the CEO is a Chinese.
某些重要的管理事项必须有董事或股东一致同意Some important items regarding the management shall be effected only by unanimous consent of all the board members or shareholders.
如果事情经过讨论还无法解决，则由合资公司母公司会议决定If it is still unresolved after discussion, the case shall be referred to a meeting of the presidents of the parent company for a final decision.
我方认为，成功的关键之一在于确保不断地更新换代We believe that one of the keys to success is to ensure an on-going updating and upgrading.
协议书谈判
现在该讨论协议书了吧Perhaps it is time to discuss the agreement.
如果一切都令人满意，我们可以起草一份合同If everything is satisfactory, we can draw up a formal contract.
我想概括一下双方商定的要点If I may, I would like to summarize the points we agreed upon.
如果您同意，我提议由我方草拟草案I propose we prepare the draft if you agree. 我们有一些参考资料We have some documents as model.
我们回根据这个标准合同准备一份草案We prepare a draft according to this standard contract.
是否请双方律师出席下次会议？Should both of us have our lawyers present in our next meeting?
实际上我方已经请了一家知名的律师事物所着手起草了In fact we have asked a reputable law firm to start drafting.
我想请您说明几个问题Could I ask you to clarify a few points?
请问合同中的“吨”是怎么界定的？How is the term “ton” defined in the proposed contract?
哪一方有权终止合同？Which party has the ultimate right to terminate the contract? 这一条跟您的说明并不一致I think this clause and your explanation are at odds with each other.
我方找不到“不可抗力”条款We cannot find a force majeure clause.
我们疏忽遗漏了，非常抱歉We must have slipped. I apologize for the oversight.
但我们确实不是故意的But I assure you it was not intentional.
我想更具体的商议一下担保条件I would like to discuss the terms of warranty in more detail.
我方认为，合同书里不应该写上这么模糊的条款We do not think we should leave such an ambiguous clause in the contract.
这一条并没有表达我的观点I am afraid this clause does not address the points I raised.
坦率地说，第8段对我方并不公平Frankly speaking, I do not think Paragraph 8 is fair to us.
贵方的改动同双方商定的条件有很大的出入The revision you present is far from the terms we agreed upon.
除非恰当地加上…，否则我们无法再谈下去We cannot proceed any further unless you properly incorporate.
我们得想方设法就这个遗留问题达成共识We need to make a renewed effort to come to some accord on this remaining issue.
如果贵方接受我方的第二款的意见，我方愿意对第三款作让步We are wiling to bend on clause 3 if you can accept our position on clause 2.
我们认为，我方已对贵方的条件采取了折中的办法We believe we have met your terms halfway.
对这个条件，我们已经没有回旋的余地了We have no room for maneuver on this term.
按我们公司政策规定，这一条只能如此Our company’s policy dictates that this clause has to be as it is.
只剩下一个问题没解决，我得向我们公司领导层汇报，请他们研究There is only one pending issue. I must report to our management for their deliberation.
今晚加把劲，完成协议书文本，我们明天就可以签约If we work a little harder tonight to finish the text of the agreement, we can be ready for signing tomorrow.
对外经济合作
经济交流economic exchange
对外经济交流economic cooperation(business partnership) concerning foreign interests
“引进来”strategy of “Attracting Foreign Investment”
“走出去”strategy of “Going Global”
国家标准化组织International Organization for Standardization(ISO)
闭关政策“closed-door” (exclusion) policy
闭关自守cut oneself off from the outside world
实行全方位开放All regions and sectors are open up.
大经贸战略strategy of broadly-based foreign trade and economic cooperation
营造良好的投资环境forest a favorable investment climate
软环境intangible infrastructure
扩大对外投资的开放领域expand the scope for FDI
取消或进一步放宽外商投资限制eliminate or future relax restrictions on foreign investment
鼓励外资的税收政策tax incentives for attracting foreign investment
出口退税制度system of refunding taxes on exported goods
保证金台账制度deposit account system for processing trade
免二减三exemption for income tax for the first 2 years of making profit and 50% tax reduction for the following 3 years
积极引进外来资金，技术，人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise from outside
国际竞争性招标international competitive bidding
跨国公司multinational corporation
实行国民待遇grant national treatment to
可行性研究feasibility study
投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment
实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use
利用外资utilization of foreign capital
吸收外资foreign capital intake
合作方式approach to cooperation
外商独资经营wholly foreign-owned operation
外商控股controlling foreign equity
合资经营equity joint
合作经营contractual joint venture
合营期限contract term of a joint venture
三来一补three-forms of OEM and compensation trades 来料加工processing with materials
来件装配processing with given samples
来样加工assembling supplied components
专有技术know-how
统包工程turn-key project
租赁leasing
优惠条件concessional/favorable terms
减免税收tax reduction and exemption
投资重点investment priority
现汇spot exchange
实物investment in kind
工业产权industrial property
外资企业本地化naturalization of foreign enterprise
外资企业国有化nationalization of foreign enterprise
零部件国产化比率rate of local contents of components 外债external debt
国际通行做法universal practice
公开招标open bidding
招标call for bid/tender invitation
招标文件tender documents
协议招标negotiated bidding
投标保证金tender bond
投标bid for/submission of tender document
标价bid price/quotation
投标策略tender’s tactics
评标tender assessment
开标tender opening
定标award of contract
废标rejection of all bids
中标win a tender/a bidding
接受外方股东担保accept guarantee provided by foreign shareholders
外汇质押foreign exchange collateral securities
中国外汇指定银行designates Chinese bank dealing in foreign exchange business 涉外经济法律foreign-related economic law
世界贸易组织
前身
关税及经贸总协定General Agreement of Tariff and Trade(GATT)
缔约方contracting parties
正式而言，关贸总协定是法律文书Officially GATT was a legal text.
关贸总协定管的只是货物贸易GATT dealt only with trade in goods.
乌拉圭回合The Uruguay Round, the largest trade negotiation under GATT throughout the world.
性质及对比关贸总协定
世界贸易组织是世界上独一无二的处理国家之间贸易规则的世界性组织，其核心是世贸协议The World Trade Organization(WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements. 世界贸易组织及世贸协议是永久性的The WTO and its agreements are permanent.
成员的立法机构批准了世贸协议Members have ratified the WTO agreements.
协议本身描述了世贸的运作The agreements themselves describe hoe the WTO is to function.
世贸还管服务贸易和知识产权The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.
世贸争端解决体系更迅速，更主动The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic.
其裁决不受阻挠Its rulings cannot be blocked.
国民待遇-给予外国人和本国人一样的待遇national treatment-giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals
宗旨
使贸易尽可能自由流动help trade flow as freely as possible
作为一个贸易谈判的论坛serve as a forum for trade negotiations
争端解决settle disputes
原则
非歧视without discrimination
更利于欠发达国家more beneficial for less developed countries
组织结构
总理事会General Council
货物贸易理事会Council for Trade in goods
与贸易有关的知识产权理事会Council for Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
服务贸易理事会Council for Trade in service
仲裁小组Dispute Settlement Panel
上诉法庭Appellate Body
最不发达国家高级别会议High-lever Meeting for LDCs
有关术语
诸边协议（几个世贸成员之间）Plurilaterals(signed by only a few WTO members than all)
最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatment
免费搭车者free-rider
多边贸易体系multilateral trade system
行业谈判sectoral negotiations
最初谈判权initialing rights(INRs)
《识产权协议》Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights
自然人流动presence of natural person
加入议定书Protocol on the Accession
国营贸易产品products subjects to state trading
指定经营产品products subjects to designating trading
（农业）黄箱政策yellow box policy
（农业）综合支持总量total aggregate measurement of support(Total AMS) （农业）微量支持水平deminimis level
市场准入market access
非关税措施取消时间表non-tariff measures subject to phased elimination
需逐步取消的补贴subsidies to be phased out
关税配额tariff quotas
优惠关税preferential tariff
非关税减让non-tariff concessions
进口配额import quota
非配额产品quota-free products
进口渗透import penetration
基础税率base tariff level
进口环节税import linkage tax
反补贴税countervailing
规避circumvention
倾销dumping sales
反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against
交叉报复cross retaliate
透明度transparency
更明确的产品安全标准规定clearer criteria for regulations dealing with the safety standards of products
比较优势产业industries with comparative advantage
《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes
妥善解决争端resolve disputes peacefully and constructively
上诉机构appeal body
《北美自由贸易协定》North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)
东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Area
东部和南部非洲共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)
对外贸易
外贸量quantum of foreign trade
转口贸易entrepot trade
有行贸易visible trade
无形贸易invisible trade
无纸贸易electronic data interchange
记账贸易trade with payment open account
零沽交易odd lots trading
出口替代政策export substitute policy
《国际贸易标准分类》Standard International Trade Classification(SITC)
知识产权贸易trade of intellectual-property
非货物贸易non-merchandise trade
建筑工程服务construction engineering service
贸易差额balance of trade
贸易顺差trade surplus
贸易逆差trade deficit
入超excess of foreign imports
出超excess of foreign exports
外销上升strong export sales
减缓增幅sluggish increase
互通有无mutual exchange of needed products
国际分工international division of labor
布雷顿林体系Bretton Woods System
关税的初高点initial height of the tariff
关税减让tariff concession
关税升级tariff escalation
关税优惠tariff preference
关税自主tariff autonomy
关税最高限额tariff ceiling
对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission
贸易自由化trade liberalization
多边贸易体系multilateral trading system
进口许可证制度import license system
外贸管制foreign trade control
进出口经营权power to engage in import and export trade
掠夺性倾销predatory dumping
外贸国家垄断制foreign trade under state monopoly
法治rule of law
入世accede to WTO
与世界经济的联系更密切be more closely linked to the world economy
适应市场经济需要的法律体系还不够健全The regulatory and legal system is not well established to the demand of market economy.
经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应THE economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行业和企业可能会受到一些冲击Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
苛刻的条件harsh terms
立足中国国情，发挥自身优势processed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
扬长避短，趋利弊害，迎接经济全球化的挑战foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
深化国有企业改革intensify reform on state-owned enterprises
增强技术创新能力increase capability of technological innovation
增强市场竞争能力enhance competitiveness on the market
增强抗风险能力improve risk management
统一政策，放开经营，平等竞争unified policy, liberalized operation, equal completion
自负盈亏，工贸结合，推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, integration of industry and foreign trade, and promotion of agent system
守约，保质，薄利，重信observe agreement, guarantee quality, make small profits and value good faith
外汇存留retention of foreign exchange
保税仓库bonded warehouse
互惠合同reciprocal contract
国际结算international settlements
国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions
出口收汇核销单paper for verification of export earnings
出口许可证制export license system
出口波动补偿资助compensatory financing
出口信贷国家担保制export credit guarantee system
出口市场多样化diversification of overseas market
出口退税foreign export rebate(drawback)
出口提单export bill of landing
《国际贸易术语解释通则》International of Trade Terms/Incoterms
国际商会International Chamber of Commerce
习惯做法course of dealing
工厂交货EX works (EXW)
船边交货free alongside ship(FCA)
船上交货free on board(FOB)
成本加运费cost and freight(CFR)
许可证，其他许可和手续license, authorization and formalities 到岸价格cost, insurance and freight(CIF)
运费，保险费付至carriage and insurance paid to(CIP)
边境交货delivered at frontier(DAF)
目的港船上交货delivered ex ship (DES)
目的港码头交货delivered ex quay(DEQ)
未完税交货delivered duty unpaid(DDU)
清关customs clearance
对外承包工程contracted projects in other countries
对外经济援助economic-aid to other countries
经济援助项目economic-aid to projects
援款协议financial-aid
受援国recipient countries
专家组specialist groups
实物援助assistance in kind
电子商务
身份认证authentication
认证机构certification authority(CA)
支付前通知advance notification of payment
装运前通知advance shipment notice(ASN)
自动交换中心automated clearing houses(ACH)
自动取款机automated teller machine(ATM)
条形码bar coding
伪签名blind signature
网关gateway
资金集中与支付cash concentration and disbursement(CCD) 审查芯片clipper chip
消费者电子数据交换consumer EDI
永续更新continuous replenishment(CR)
公司交易支付corporate trade payments(CTP)
电子数据交换成本costs of EDI
数据编码加密标准data encryption standard(DES)
计账卡debit card
支付服务disbursement services
非居间化disintermediation
重复付款double spending
电子数据交换银行联合网络EDIBANX
电子数据交换网关EDI gateways
电子数据交换集线路EDI hubs
电子数据交换翻译软件EDI translation software
消费者有效应答efficient consumer response(ECR)
电子商品目录e-catalog
电子商务标准设定electronic commerce standard-setting
财政预算
财政预算fiscal budget
临时预算extraordinary budget
预算收入budgetary revenue
预算支出budgetary expenditure
预算赤字budgetary deficit
预算盈余budgetary surplus
外汇收入earnings from foreign exchange
行政管理费administrative costs
自筹投资项目self-financed projects