【推荐】八招搞定英语四级阅读理解题型

【推荐】八招搞定英语四级阅读理解题型
【推荐】八招搞定英语四级阅读理解题型

一、四级阅读应该遵循怎样的做题程序

关于阅读,我想首先当我们拿到一份考卷的时候,大家首先关注的点是我们应该怎么做我们的题目,我们做题的程序分别是什么,我想一个阅读要做好的话,首先要明白一点,我们四级里,35分钟做四篇文章的时间相对比较紧张,我们以前一般有的同学是,四加五或者是五加四的模式,四分钟的时间看文章,五分钟做题目。或者是五分钟看文章,四分钟做题目,这个相对不是特别合理。原因是四级里我们发现时间是不够的。看文章是非常有效的,有有目的性。

建议大家先看题目,再看问题。言外之意,我们建议大家一个时间比例,一加四加四的模式,一分钟时间把后面的题目看一下,分别是考什么方向,考词汇,还是考推理,还是考细节。做一个分析以后,看文章的时候,你发现,我这个题目主要是关注什么东西?比如说后面有的题目是看主题的。你要看文章时,就要关注这个文章主题。如果你发现后面的题目是关注一个细节。你看文章的时候,要注意文章的一些细节。如果后面的题目看得有效,看文章,阅读的任务也会非常明确。所以建议大家,第一,先看我们后面的题干。看题干,后面这四个选项就不用看了,因为四个选项有正确的选项,你看多了,反而会影响你的思维。大家看题干看完之后,就可以看文章。接下来用四分钟左右时间把文章看一下。有同学可能会感觉看文章速度比较慢。这是我呆会儿会看到阅读过程中可能会注意一些什么东西,或者是呈现什么特点。

我建议大家四分钟看文章,然后再用四到五分钟时间把后面的题目做完。只要你第一分钟是有效的,看文章之后,就会非常有方向感。如果看文章是有方向感的,后面做题目,当然也非常有效。我们就明白,其实在四级里,只要时间相对比较合理,做题程序合理化,我们发现,这还是可以做好的。

这是第一个我要讲的关于四级阅读,我们大概的做题程序。先看题干,再分析原文,最后做题目。

在做题过程中,我强调两点,四分钟里,一定要回顾一下,刚才文章讲了什么东西。一般我们是看完文章,基本上凭着主观印象做题,导致有一种感觉,做题感觉看文章非常简单,做题也是非常简单。但是发现很多题是错误的。建议大家,我们在做题过程中,你要注意一点,要回到文章,分析相关内容,防止用主观印象来做题。

这是刚才一个大概的做题程序的一个讲解。

二、做题时间如何合理分配

如果程序合理化以后,我们要有另外一些东西注意一下,比如考试时间的分布,刚才我其实讲了,每一篇文章可能我们需要注意什么东西。比如这个时间,一篇文章可能是一加四加四,这样的时间,用九到十分钟时间分析一下我们这篇文章,完成文章的一个讲解和阅读。

其实,我们的阅读涉及到方方面面,它会涉及到更多东西。所以我从以下几个时间概念,让大家对考试有一些更多的感觉。

首先我想最宏观的一个35加5这个概念。我们四级,要求是我们的35分钟做完,我们的四篇文章,但是这个时间一般是不够的,建议大家我们从另外的题型当中,比方我们的词汇或者是从我们的写作,不管怎么样,从另外的题型,借五分钟时间给我们的阅读。这样你会发现,我们会有40分钟做四篇文章。按照以前的一些考试经历来讲,四级考生,用40分钟做四篇文章,这个时候,他的正确率是最高的。

这是我们的考试时间和正确率的一个黄金搭配。建议大家35加5,从另外题型超过5分钟时间给我们的阅读。

另外,要注意第二个概念。我们四级里面,还要注意,22加18这个概念。什么意思呢?现在我们用40分钟,怎么去分配我们这40分钟,同学们比较关心。建议大家有一个时间概念,22加18.就是我们通常在考试过程当中,会用22分钟左右的时间,来完成前两篇文章。为什么是这样子?原因是前两篇文章,我们做题速度可能还没有赶上来,刚开始,速度有点慢。后两篇文章,考生的做题速度会比较快,很多考生,可以用7到8分钟做完一篇文章。不管怎么讲,建议大家用22加18的时间概念是比较合理的。这一点,其实对我们的考试心理状态,有一种比较好的调节。

很多考生在考试过程中,可能前两篇文章用了22到25分钟时间可能会比较紧张。可能会随便做了一下,讲求一个速度,总感觉自己来不及了,所以,后面两篇文章的正确率会下降。其实没有必要。为什么呢?因为22加18这个概念,就是稳住我们的心理状态。告诉你们一点,如果在考试过程当中,用22分钟时间或者是25分钟时间,看我们前两篇文章,这是非常合理的。这是我们的第二个概念。

告诉我们考试过程中可能会遇到什么情况。我们用怎么样的心理状态去应对它。

第三,我们要注意的一个概念是,我们刚才讲的,一加一加四的概念。每篇文章我们可能用10分钟时间,在考试过程当中,我们用9分钟做出一篇文章比较合理。在考前,我们用9分钟来练每一篇文章比较合理。这9分钟怎么分配它,这涉及到一篇文章的操作程序问题。所以我提到了9等于1加4加4,这是刚才谈到的做题程序问题。

三、如何克服阅读太慢或特快的问题

刚才给大家讲了一些时间的概念,希望借用这些时间概念,考试怎么操作,有一种大概的方向感。不光是时间,大家可能有些问题,怎么去分布。我想时间分布,可能会导致一些困难,就是我们阅读太快,或者是太慢。

有的同学,阅读太快这个概念,有的同学,在做题过程当中,总是怕时间不够,所以他拼命往下做,往下赶时间,导致的结果是,很多同学在做题过程中,第一篇文章,感觉什么都没看懂,结果开始做题了。他在回到文章,再去分析文章本身,而导致的结果是时间被浪费了。所以你就明白,过于求快,实际上结果是变慢了。建议大家在考试过程当中,不要太快,心理的紧张因素,要克服。怎么克服我们的太快这个问题。其实,我们有很多方法,而一个最贴近的方法,就是我们在看文章的时候,要注意我们的做标记的方法。边看,要做一些标记,这个文章,哪地方是转折性的语言,哪个地方是因果关系,或者是比较关系。一些重要的语言现象稍微关注一下。

重要的语言现象不光是我们考题经常考的地方,也是把握整篇文章脉络的一个重要环节。不光是我们的语言现象,而且比方说,原文中的一些关键词,与行为相关的一些单词,或者是文章主题所在地方,或者是表示结论的一些地方,都要关注一下。因为这些地方,不光要考题,而且还要让你明白文章的脉络和文章的观点。而且要注意,有关观点性的语言,考得越来越多。

这是我们要注意的第一个。阅读太快,可以通过做一些简单分析的方式克服这些问题。

另外有一个相反的错误,就是阅读太慢,为什么会阅读太慢,其实有很多。第一个,可能有一些阅读的不良习惯导致的。有的同学看文章,都是一个单词,一个单词往下看,视野的宽度比较窄,具体可以经过锻炼,比方说每一眼看下去,能够看两到三个单词,后来可以扩展到四到五个,视野宽度,可能没有时间去练习,建议大家要注意另外一些方法。比方说要明白这个文章哪些是重点要考,哪些是次要考的。

这一点,我讲一下,四级好事当中,有关速度太慢,在看文章时,要注意什么东西。我所讲的一些语言点,这是我们历年四级考试经常会涉及的地方。

第一个是我们的段落首末这个地方,近几年,段落首末考题的量增加了。而且在首末去,一些观点性语言,还有一些重要的语言现象,这个更加容易考到。

第二,转折性语言,在四级里,我们发现,转折性语言,经常会考,曾经有四级考试考得很经典,它一共有五个题目。四个题目是在原文中找答案,含有“but”等转折性的语言。第五个题目,其实是把前几个题目合起来,前个个转折性的语句合起来,如果我们在这次考试当中,发现了文章,尤其是文章的首段有表示转折的语言,一定要关注一下。

第三,如果你发现,某一段首和末有一些转折性的语言,也应该要关注一下。转折有很多单词来表达,比方说however、but,however这个单词在四级里考得比较多,而且命题概率会比较强。

四级不光会考转折性逻辑,而且还会考因果关系的推导,表示因果关系的地方,经常用这些考题。同学们在看文章的时候,出现一个For或者是because,任何一个逻辑,都是值得推敲的地方。所以同学们在看文章的时候,凡是有因果逻辑关系或者是转折关系,都应该关注一下。

如果因果关系和我们的转折合在一起的话,那么这个题目被考的概率更高。

第四,要注意比较关系,比较,从历年考试来讲,尤其要考一种绝对化或者是最高级的比较。尤其当几个并列现象同时出现,这时候,它的最典型的一个地方,给大家举一个例子。比方说,我们在2003年9月考过一篇文章,这个文章是关于年轻人犯车祸这个问题。年轻人搭车,车里面有乘客是很危险的。第一句话说,年轻人在晚上开车很危险。第二段告诉我们,年轻人在晚上,如果还有乘客,那是更加危险。你就明白这个地方,我们有三种情况是危险的。第三种情况是把前面的一二两种情况都结合起来了。你就明白,结合这个例子,一下子可以理解了,四级里面,所谓的考试最典型应该是这个意思了。

四、要做好阅读,必须注意一些关系词

刚才我们讲,这个比较的考点,下面就是往下,还有另外一些考点,比方说,我们有表示观点性的语言,表示一些结论性的语言,近几年,我们表示结论性的语言考的量越来越多了。如果你发现,有文章里面,有一句话,是结论性的语言,它有可能会考题。尤其是2004年6月,四篇文章里,很多题目,都是根据一个人讲的话来设计的。所以,大家在看文章时,要注意,我们原文中,如果有一些表示观点性的语言,谁谁said,谁讲,或者是谁think这样的语言出现,你就要稍微关注一下。这次考试里一定要关注这方面的语言。当然一个人讲的观点,比方说,某某人发现,一般find这个单词。或者是某某研究,或者是某某实验,show 什么东西。这些单词,都可以表示一种结论。在考试过程中,这些单词要稍微关注一下。

可以这么讲,如果从某种角度来讲,刚才谈到的单词,只是我们四级考试的考点词,这些考点词应该关注,极有可能会涉及一个考题。这是我讲的,刚才表示结论、观点这样的考点。

另外,要注意,如果一篇文章,它的第一段,文章第一段,如果包含一些观点性,结论性的语言,这个地方,也经常用来设计考题。因为从近几年的统计数字来讲,四级里面,凡是在第一段,有表示一个行为的目的,有表示一种言论或者是另外一些事情的目的,在文章第一段出现,这个地方一般会涉及考题。

所以我们在看文章时,第一段一定要仔细看。看文章,一个是看文章太慢,一个是看文章太快。慢,并不是每个地方都得慢,有的地方你都得快看,如果在文章里,有一些语言是说明这个人来自哪个地方,这个人的职位或者是工作的环境是哪个地方的话,这个地方的语言是没有必要看的。

如果文章里,有一些一连串的专有名词,这些名词限定或者是说明一个问题,这些专有名词是没有意义的。我们在2005年6月,一篇考试里,有很多表示地方。这个地方有很多一些专有名词。这些专有名词都没有必要。因为四级考试,一般不会考专有名词本身是什么含义。它只考专有名词所在的这句话的另外一些考点的地方。

所以在考试过程当中,要注意,我们什么地方要快看。除了专业名词我们要快看的话,还有其他的,比如说统一表达,比如说意思比较相近的地方。尤其是并列的地方。如果你发现,好几种情况并列,那么你要注意,并不是每一个并列的地方,都会考到。它只有一些重要的地方,才会考。所以同学要们注意一点,如果这几个考试,有好几个地方,好几句话,要注意开头相似。好几个句子,开头相似,表示并列,这些并列句子比较简单。这个地方,就得看得快一点儿。因为我讲过,并列,不是主要的。这是要快看的一些地方。当然快看,还有很多地方。

五、如何有效排除阅读题目的干扰选项

如果做题只看题干和四个选项,结合两者的合理性,主观猜想的话,一般是错的。

第一,会涉及合理但不正确。给大家举一个简单例子。比方说,我前面走着一个老年人,

他走路走得很慢,A题目来一个A选项,这个老年人腿脚不够利索,这句话是正确的。因为年纪比较大,但是这个选项未必能选,因为文章未必会谈到。这是主观猜想。

再举一个简单例子,我想今天外面天气跟冷,下面再设计一个选项,大家都穿了很多衣服。这个选项听起来非常合理的,但是你不能选,因为这个文章未必会讲,今天穿衣服还是不穿衣服一个问题。他可能会讲,今天外面风很大,环境恶劣的问题。这是合理但不正确,关键是文章没有谈到。

如果你明白这个道理的话,很多选项,你就不会选它。从2002年到现在我们很多题都会比较难。原因是合理但不正确的选项设计了好多。尤其是2002年6月份,我们考过一篇文章,关于英雄这篇文章,当时正确率比较低。原因是,我们这里面有很多看起来很合理,比如说英雄使人们更加强大,使人们更有自信,这其实是合理的。但是当时很多同学开始选它了。但是你就错了。因为这里要注意,这篇文章没有谈到。

第二,模仿原文,什么叫模仿原文。模仿院文有两种,整个选项和文章的机会相似,80、90%都和文章是一模一样的,或者只是个别单词的一种改动。第二是部分的项。比方说,一个选项有八个单词,有四个单词和文章一模一样,意思也一模一样,但是有另外四个单词是不存在的,是一个附加信号。这样的选项极有可能是错的。你要注意在四级里我们称之为模仿原文,有一半是对的,有一半是错的。

如果你发现在考试过程当中,有一些选项,如果简单的话,这个信号和文章重叠的比较多的,一般是对的,如果考得比较难,和文章信号重复的越多,或者是越相似的选项,一般是错的。不管怎么样,如果你觉得,一些单词一模一样的话,或者是比较相近的话,或者是很多信号和文章是雷同的,你要注意一点,你必须要仔细分析,千万不要盲目选择。这样的选项要引起注意。

这是第二种模仿英文。

第一种是合理但不正确。第二是模仿原文。

第三,出的最难的一种是设计需要选择最佳选项的选项。这类选项是四级考生错误率比较高的选项。四级考生认为这个选项,这个也是合理的,那个也是合理的,他总是左右为难。但你要明白一点,四级和六级有一样是一样的,我们选一个最佳选项而不选一个正确答案。我们很多选项都错,或者是四个选项都错或者是都对。我们选择一个最佳选项。

我给大家举一个简单例子,我们四级考过一篇文章,2002年1月份,考过关于打猎这篇文章。文章告诉我们,英国要通过一个法律,这个法律规定,禁止猎狗打猎所有的野生动物。文章后面怎么写,它这样讲,现在英国要通过一个法律,这个法律禁止猎狗打猎狐狸,你发现这个选项是错误的,因为原文中是禁止猎狗打猎所有的野生动物。这个地方我们发现,只是要禁止猎狗打猎狐狸,这个范围明显缩小了,但是我们还得选它,因为另外几个选项明显连狗都没有谈到,我们这个选项是最合理的。四个选项都错,但是选一个最不错的。这就是选择最佳选项的选项。

六、做阅读题,如何才能主动降低难度

我们对刚刚的特点有所掌握的话,我们考试过程当中,就会从这几方面去思考,从而降低它的难度。如果要对我们的四级选项难度降低做一个细分的话,要注意一点。如果你发现,某一个题目,不管是细节也好,是观点也好,词汇也好,主题也好,只要是这个题目和文章的主题是比较相近的,那么这个选项一般极有可能是对的。如果你觉得四级的细节、观点,你要选答案和文章的答案,和文章的主题相去甚远,或者你选的答案非常肤浅的话,不能说明背后的一个重要话题的话,这个一般是干扰性选项。这在2005年1月份考试里面会体现得比较重。

第一,要和文章主题进行联系。

第二,要注意,如果降低难度,不光要把我们的选项和文章主题进行联系,而且要注意一点,我们选项本身有些弱点。比方说,如果你发现这个题目是观点性的题目,结论性的题目,文章主题,那么就明白,它的题目,它的答案,应该是一些结论性的,概括性的,涉及一些细节性的,涉及一个特别细的话题选项。如果你觉得这个题目是考特别细的话题,那么,它的某一个选项范围很大,具有概括性,这样的选项就是错误的。这一点,可以从题型的角度对我们的四级题目的难度进行一个降低。

另外,你要注意,四级选项,如果你发现一个选项特别绝对化,特别程度很高,特别绝对,这样的选项十有八九是一个干扰选项,四级里,很多答案是留有余地的,一般具有一些让步的语气。你要从我们的题干本身,从我们的答案本身去思考,去降低我们的难度。

不管怎么样,如果对我们的四级出题的一些角度,对我们四级题目的设计有些了解的话,难度,总还是会降低。

刚才是我讲的第三个干扰选项的问题。

第一讲考试的程序,第二讲考试的时间分布。第三,讲到干扰选项可能会有什么特点。

七、阅读题容易做错的原因

下面我再讲一下,错误的原因。

我做了很多,总是错,而且我把整个真题都做完了,为什么水平没有提高,这是为什么?首先我讲一下,错误的原因,我再讲一下,为什么你没有提高。我们做题可能会有这种感觉。比方说文章看懂,题干看懂,做题都是错的。这时候你要注意,你一般都是做细节题,这个细节题能力问题不大,关键是做题速度偏高,有的同学,做题,文章不怎么看透,题目也不怎么有把握。但对答案之后发现对了。由于你有比较好的做题方法,文章我们一些简单句子,涉及考题的句子,你可能都做对了,看懂了,最后的题目,才可以做对。四级里,并不需要每一个文章都看懂了。其实我们讲,做题最好的状态是读懂70%的文章,做对百分之百的题目。

刚才第二位同学,你要注意一点,你的长难句的理解,长句和难句的理解,还是不过关的。建议,你在最后两个星期时间内,把我们的长句和难句,复杂句都看一点儿,从而提高

你自身的阅读理解水平。

第三类同学可能会做题当中,发现四个选项,排列两个,最后还留下两个选项,到底选哪一个,有点左右为难。最后还是选错了。为什么会这样?原因四级里面,你很少关注我们一个选项的细节性的单词,尤其没有关注这四个选项中,一些表示频率,表示程度,这样的单词。我给大家举一个简单例子。我们四级曾经考过一个题,这个驾驶员,要和一个电脑中心保持联系。后面出来一个干扰选项,说驾驶员要不断的Constant,不断的和电脑中心保持联系,不断的打电话。为什么他错了呢?原文中讲是不断的联系一次,而这个地方讲是不断的联系。频率上出现一个问题。所以在四级考试里,一定要注意,每一个选项的细节的信号。尤其要注意一些程度或者是频率的单词。

这是我讲到的这个状态。我们排除四个选项,还有两个选项可能会徘徊。还有一个原因,就是你的概括能力不行。这种概括能力体现在,你把你的选项和文章主题离得很开,你要注意,如果你出现这种情况的话,哪个选项更加深入,哪个选项离得越近。

这是讲的错误的一些表现和原因。

你要注意不同的原因,有一些同学对错误是不总结的,导致的结果是,他以后该错的,还得错,类似的错误,还得犯。如果你把每道做错的题总结一下,把错误的原因罗列一下,就明白,你就会发现,错误的原因是有共同原因的,有一个普遍规律,把这个规律掌握了,以后就不会错了。

八、最后关键时刻如何高效复习阅读

最后我想讲一下,我们的复习方法这个问题。

我们拿到一篇文章以后,我们最后的时间,应该怎么去复习这个问题。我建议大家能够采取比较合理的方法复习。

有同学只做题不练习,或者是只做题不总结。我记得以前暑假班一个同学,在讲台上放了十本参考书,每本书已经做过两遍,任何真题可以把这个答案告诉你。但是他说,为什么四级就是不过,实际上我觉得,这个同学已经走火入魔。这个同学有一个恶性循环,他试图通过做题求得能力的提高。实际上做题在于能力的检测,能够对几个题目,能够错几个题目,如果你总是检测自己的能力,想要了解自己的水平有多高,但是你光检测是没有意义的,你总是在原来的水平。所以你必须总结。

第一,要总结的是单词。四级阅读里,有些单词,是会重复的,反复的考你,尤其是近几年,四级考试的变化来讲,有些核心单词是反复出现,反复考你。比如像criteria,这个单词,表示标准的意思。2007年6月,考这个单词的时候,很多同学就晕菜了,这个单词是什么东西,根本不理解。这个单词,考生应该理解,因为只要你做过95年四级考试的话,这个单词就已经有了。我们明白,2009年以后,很多单词是在反复考我们的。所以建议大家,如果时间有限,抓主要矛盾,一定把我们的四级阅读真题上的单词背一下。你觉得,四级阅读真题有许多年,单词量太多,怎么办?缩小我们的范围。最小范围是2000年以后的四级单词。很多难词,反复出现,而且有些新的难词也出现了。

这个单词,你要理解,如果再考你的话,2012年12月24号,再考这个单词的话,应该明白。当然有很多单词,就是反复考你的。这个单词,大家一定要关注一下,发现一个小特点,核心单词重现,因此我们总结第一方面,就是总结单词。这个单词说明这是你的盲区。你的盲区极有可能是四级的核心的单词的区间。

第二,要总结的是难句。如果一个句子很难,你看了两遍没有看懂,说明这达到我们能力的局限。我们需要分析这个句子的结构,做一个解剖和细分,不断的理解、背诵,最好是模仿。模仿是最好的掌握,因为你模仿句子,主谓宾怎么形成,这个结构是怎么来的,理解了它,当然可以模仿它。类似的句子,当然可以理解了。

所以我讲,模仿是最好的掌握。

第二个,如果大家要模仿一些难句的话,如果你分析一篇文章时,这个文章的某一段的首句或者是末句很难懂的话,这个地方一定要关注。因为首句或者是末句是四级考试能力的经常性的要求。

第三,是刚才讲的错误的原因要总结,没有总结错误的原因,类似的错误,还会犯。所以一定要总结一下。一类错误扭转过来以后,就不会犯错误了。

最后要总结的第四点是时间和正确率。

光是总结时间是没有意义的。光是总结正确率也没有意义。

因为时间和正确率在四级里是相辅相成的关系。四级考试,要求大家在40分钟或者是30到40分钟以内能否做完四篇文章,而且四篇文章做得相对不错,所以我想把时间和正确率两者结合起来。这是真正的能力的综合指标。

刚才是需要总结的一些东西。相关选项,考生提得非常好。最后十天时间,我们应该怎么去分布我们的复习计划这个问题。

心里应该有底,不要狂做题了,最后一段时间,我们应该明白一点儿,应该从做题的量转向做题的质。现在你踏踏实实做三到五份题,可能比你做100份或者是50份的题目好得多得多。因为你把三五份题目做得比较细,每个地方都踏踏实实看懂了,那么你的能力就会提高。怎么操作这三五份题呢?

我们分两步来做。第一步,就算有单词,不认识,你也往下走。请你在规定时间内,把这个文章做完。这是第一。

第二步,我们没有时间概念。剩下两到三天时间,把这个文章真正理解它,每个单词,每句话,整篇文章的框架理解一下,这是第二步,也是能力提高的关键。如果两步这样做的话,就不断的检测、总结,检测、总结、螺旋提高中上升。总结是能力提高的关键。而不光是仅仅的一个练习。

要做三到五份真题,不要做模拟题,考前做模拟题,可能会误导我们的能力。请大家一定要注意,考前一定要做真题。如果真题已经做过,那么我们应该怎么办?

如果你觉得现在每一个真题都做了,你要注意,还是要做真题。因为我讲了,第一个,模拟题会误导我们的能力和考试节奏感。所以做真题。

四级考试曾经批判过我们的模拟题,假设模拟题得了95分,四级真题可能会考59分。原因是考点,考法和题目设计完全不一样。

这是我讲的第一个考前三到五份考题。

第二点是考前一两天要注意什么。

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(四) 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

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2洛基英语,中国在线英语教育领导品牌 阅读练习】 Nowadays, is it possible to tell a person’s class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most people’s reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.A) available B) background C) different D) tallE) totally F) taken G) descriptions H) degreeI) clues J) alone K) appear L) considerM) full N) hobby O)fetched ANSWER: 1.选J)。此处应填副词。可选项有totally和alone,由前一句中just可推出,外表上的细节仅仅能告诉我们这个人的健康状况,平时的营养状况以及他所从事的工作而不能看出他所处的阶级,故排除totally而选alone“惟一”。 2.选D)。此处应填形容词。因此此句和前一句是在将以前的工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况进行对比,故此处应填与small“矮的”意思相反的词,选项中只有tall符合题意。而full“丰满的”不能用来修饰sporting types,故排除。 3.选G)。此处应填名词。现在的生活和工作条件改善了,情况已经不同了。而such指代的是上文中对一百年以前工人阶级和上层阶级的身体状况的身体状况的描述,故descriptions“描述”符合题意。 4.选B)。此处应填名词。根据句意“衣服可以提供...方面的信息”,选项中有background和hobby,选background“人的背景,社会阶层”,符合文章主题。 5.选I)。由as well可知,此处应填名词且与本段首句中的informaiton的意思相近,选项中只有clues“线索”符合题意。 6.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。选项中有appear和consider,appear可直接接不定式;而consider带不定式的复合结构,用于主动语态时,consider后面得接宾语,故选appear。7选F)。这句中this指代bright colour,句子主干是any opportunity is...。可选项有taken和fetched,take“抓住”则可以与opportunity搭

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