新视野大学英语第三版电子教案Book2 Unit 7

Unit 7

Women: Making a difference today

PART1

Understanding and Learning

0verview

This unit aims at exploring a current social issue: gender roles, a topic that could spark a lot of debates and arguments. Text A gives students a big picture of a how women have played an important role at the management level, along with their challenges and frustrations. Text B portrays a happy full-time housewife who considers her job at home absolutely important. The implication of it is that the job of a housewife should be respected. The two articles are theme-bound since both relate the topic of the role played by women, though one is at work and the other at home. The writing style of the two texts is very different as well. One is a featured article on female working styles by way of presenting various scenarios at work, blended with many direct speeches and present verb tenses such as says, report, agrees, proclaims, feels, pauses when referring to the past; the other is a narrative about the author's personal experience of being a housewife. Though the language used in both texts is somewhat casual, the tone of the first one is more serious and in a report style. Women's working style and way of thinking are clearly depicted, which will surely provoke an interesting debate on gender issues among students. The different episodes can serve as a springboard for in-depth class discussion. Activities may revolve around the main theme of the unit: Should women stay home or work outside?

Section A

Women at the management level

Background Information

women leaders

In today's economy, women are a strong force in the workplace. Gone are the days of men working outside and women staying at home. Women are filling the ranks in many professions and many top companies. Many of today's global business leaders and powerful entrepreneurs are women. Indeed, women are increasingly working in upper management roles, serving as leaders in a variety of settings. Interestingly, research says women behave more emotionally in certain work situations. Regardless of what the studies say, the data support the benefits of gender diversity at the workplace. So what does such diversity in the workplace mean? It means that it is beneficial to not only hire but also retain female employees. The text vividly unfolds how females are working in different business sectors at the management level.

Detailed study of the text

1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she would rather work for a male or a female attorney. (Para. 1)

Meaning: Monica was like to work for a male when she applied for a male or a female lawyer when she applied for a managing job at a law firm in 1971.

★administrative: a. relating to the work of managing a company or organization行政的;管理的Although administrative positions may pay more than teaching salaries, they often require more

hours on the job.虽然行政工作的薪金比教学工作更多，但它们却往往需要更多的工作时间。

Sentence structure Note "would rather '‘句型 1 would rather 的意思是“宁愿;宁可;更;最好;还是…为好”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would rather not do sth., wouldrather 没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather 。例如: If you t he would rather be alone, we'll all leave here.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着，那我们会都离开这儿。 2 would rather 后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。例如:Id rather you didn't make any comment on the issuer for the time being.我想目前你还是不要对此事反羞任何评论。

2 "I felt that a male-boss/female-employee relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation whatsoever." (Para.1)

Meaning :I felt that there was no need to compromise in a relationship between a male boss and a female employee since it was more nature.

★employee : n. [C] sb. who is paid to work for sb. else 受雇者;雇员

Knowing what an employer is looking for potential employee can help someone to prepare for an interview.了解雇主在寻找什么样的潜在雇员可以帮助人们准备面试。

★accommodation : n.

1) [sing., U](fml.) a change in behavior or attitude that helps people work together or end a disagreement 迁就;通融;调和

The two sides failed to agree on every point but they settled on an accommodation for their differences.双方未能对所有的意见都达成一致，但对他们的分歧达成了和解。

2) [U] a place for sb. to stay, live, or work 住处；工作场所

Having decided to find an appropriate accommodation, we set about contacting all the rental agencies in the city.我们决定要找一个合适的住处之后，就开始联络这个城市所有的租赁公司。

3 But 20 years later, when she was asked the same question, she said, "I was pleasantly surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; they're much more sensitive and intimate with their employees." (Para. 1)

Meaning : However, when she was asked the same question 20 years later; she responded that it was a nice surprise to find out that female bosses had been much easier to approach,more understanding,and ckoser to their workers.

Meaning beyond words:Her answer was entirely different from what she had responded 20 years before.It can be assumed that she gained this particular feeling gradually.

4 Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance. (Para. 2)

Meaning beyond words : Female bosses today are still experiencing gender discrimination, though it may not always be obvious or noticeable.

Sentence structure Note

"would rather '‘句型

1 would rather 的意思是“宁愿;宁可;更;最好;还是…为好”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是would rather not do sth., wouldrather 没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather 。例如: If you t he would rather be alone, we'll all leave here.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着，那我们会都离开这儿。

2 would rather 后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。例如:I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issuer for the time being.我想目前你还是不要对此事反羞任何评论。

5 There is still a segment of the population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. (Para. 2)

Meaning:A portion of people,men and,unexpectedly,even women stare that they can hardly bear working with female bosses.

★segment:n.[C] a part of sth.that is different from or affected differently from the whole in some way 部分；段；片

Black people constitute the poorest segment of society in the country.黑人在该国社会中构成了最贫穷的阶层。

★tolerance: n.

1) [U] willingness to want people to do, say, or believe what they want without criticizing or punishing them忍受;容忍;宽容

Tolerance is the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you do not agree with it or like it.宽容是一种素质，它允许其他人说和做他们喜欢的事，即使你不同意或不喜欢。

2) [C, U] the degree to which sb. can suffer pain,difficulty, etc. without being harmed or damaged(对痛苦、困难等的)忍受程度，忍耐力

These students tend to have a poor tolerance for frustration and give up easily when tasks become difficult.这些学生往往对挫折的承受力差，在任务变得困难时会轻易放弃。

6 The growing presence of female bosses has also two major questions that revolve around styles: Do men and women and, if so, is that a good thing? (Para. 2)

Meaning：With the number of female bosses increasing,two questions have been raised in terms of styles:Do men and women work differently?Are the differences good for management if there are any?

7Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts.Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. (Para. 3)

Meaning:Monica,a 40-year-old mother of four children and president of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members,is inclined to look at these two points positively:Women do manage differently from men and that is a good thing.

★dispose:vt.

1)(~sb.to/toward sth.)(fml.)make sb.more likely to have particular feelings or thoughts 使(某人)较倾向于

The body releases a chemical that disposes you toward sleep.体内释放出一种使人昏昏欲睡的化学物品。

2)(~of) get rid of sth., esp. sth. that is difficult to get rid of丢弃，处理(尤指难以处理的东西) Litter should be disposed of thoughtfully.废弃物应仔细地处理。

★disposed: a. likely to behave or think in a particular way有…倾向的

He was a man o f good character and was not disposed to violence.他人品很好，没有暴力倾向。★be disposed to do sth.: be willing to do sth.愿意做某事;乐于做某事

His father was a large,comfortable-looking man who wasn't disposed to make a fuss.他父亲个子高，看上去很舒服,不像是会大惊小怪的人。

★on both counts: in both ways在两个方面

I thought he was a kind and honest person, but I was wrong on both counts. 我原以为他是个善良、诚实的人, 但这两点我都想错了。

★sector: n. [C] a part of an area of activity, esp. of business, trade, etc.(尤指商业、贸易等的)部门，行业

In the financial sector, investors insurance companies both have lost a lot of money.在金融行业, 银行和保险公司的投资者都损失了很多钱。

Note"A public sector labor union" (also public sector trade union) refers to a labor union which primarily represents the interests of employees within public sector (government-owned, supported or regulated) organizations. Public sector union have become some of the larger or more influential unions in certain areas of the world in recent times as private sector union membership has declined sharply.

8 "Relations with my employees are probably different from those of male managers preceding me," she says. "I know what it's like to have to call and say my kid got the mumps so I won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style-not soft,just more understanding." (Para. 3)

Meaning:She said that she was perhaps different from the previous male managers in relation with the employees because she knew what it meant when someone had to make a phone call telling her that he or she wouldn't go to work due to the illness of their child.She added that she was more flexible and understanding but not weaker in terms of working style.

Meaning beyond words:In a broad sense,female bosses are better than male bosses in boss-employee relations because they are more understanding and tend to show more consideration to their employees.

★precede: vt. (fml.) happen or exist before sth.or sb., or come before sth. else in a series先于…(发生或存在)

A planning session at 11:30 will precede the lunch discussion. 11:30召开计划会议，随后是午餐讨论。

9 The man who is Monica's assistant agrees, "She tends to delegate more and is always looking for

a consensus. People are happy and flourish because they have an input into decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. On the other hand, consensus takes longer." (Para. 3)

Meaning:The man who is Monica's assistant holds the same opinion that she usually gives people more rights and is always seeking agreement.Since people have their voice heard in decision-making and are not playing the role of a witness only,they feel happy and successful.In this way,their energies are utilized.However,it takes more time to reach an agreement.

Meaning beyond words:Again,female bosses would seek more accommodation and agreement than male bosses,which helps to bring employees' initiative into full play.

★flourish:vi.

1) develop well and be successful繁荣;兴旺;成功

Honesty is one of the bases of any good relationship and no real relationship can flourish without it.诚信是任何良好关系的基础之一，离开它没有一种真正的关系能蓬勃发展。

2)grow well and be very healthy茁壮成长

Very few plants will flourish without enough water.没有足够的水，极少有植物能茁壮成长

★harness: vt. get control of sth. in order to use it for a particular purpose利用; 控制

The private business sector was to be harnessed to stabilize and to increase local employment.私营企业将被用来稳定和增加当地的就业。

10So, are the differences symbolic or real?Plausible studies suggest that men are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled.Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share power. (Para. 4)

Meaning:So,the question is whether the differences between male and female managers are representative or real?According to acceptable studies,men like to seek social status,work for goals and be given authority.On the other hand,women manager with skill and flexibility and like to share authority.

Meaning beyond words:In terms of management skills, this part highlights the differences between male and female bosses. The plausible reasons may possibly be traced to the respective character traits of both sexes.

★symbolic: a. important but not having any real effect象征的;象征性的

People threw flowers into the river between the two countries as a symbolic act o f brotherhood.人们把花扔进两国间的那条界河，这象征着两国之间的兄弟情义。

★plausible: a. reasonable and likely to be true可能正确的;有道理的

A more plausible explanation would seem to be that people are fed up with the Conservative government一个更合理的解释似乎是人们已厌倦了保守党政府。

★hierarchical: a. dividing people or things into levels of importance按等级划分的

A hierarchical structure merely defines who is in charge o f what and is accountable to whom.按等级划分的结构仅仅能定义谁负责什么和谁对谁负责。

★diplomatic: a.

1) dealing with people politely and skillfully without upsetting them讲究手腕的;灵活变通的

He managed to beat me at every argument as he was more than my match in diplomatic shrewdness.他成功地击败了我的每一个论点，因为他比我更灵活变通。

2) relating to or involving the work of diplomats外交的;从事外交工作的

To avoid a possible invasion by its neighbor,the country is seeking help through diplomatic channels.为了避免其邻国可能的入侵，该国正在寻求通过外交途径获得帮助。

★diplomatically: ad.讲究宁腕地;灵沽变通地;外交地

You can say it diplomatically and with love by telling your kids the reasons why you had to cancel the plan for a party.你可以灵活地、满怀爱心地告诉你的孩子为什么你不得不取消聚会计划。

Note Goal-oriented is a compound adjective.A goal-oriented person or team works hard to achieve good results in the tasks that they have been given;a goal-oriented plan or activity is based on a number of things that must be achieved. The word oriented means giving a lot of time, effort and attention to one particular thing. It can be combined with different nouns to derive different meanings such as family-oriented and export-oriented.

11That point of view is often challenged and argued. Some proclaim that men and women of similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. (Para. 4) Meaning:The real differences between male and female managers often spark arguments.Some people declare that generally speaking,men and women of similar backgrounds,experience and

ambitions manage in the same way.

12 This view is echoed by younger women, especially those who have encountered little gender discrimination. That was certainly the lesson for Nicole. (Para. 4)

Meaning:This view is agreed upon by young women,especially those who have seldom been treated unfairly.Nicole certainly learned a lesson from her experience.

Meaning beyond words:The imp;ication is that men and women do manage differently.Only young women who have never encountered gender discrimination would assume there is no difference between male and female managers.Nicole's personal experoence would serve as a lesson for young women.

★discrimination: n. [U] the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way歧视

Though I face discrimination as a female, I will never give in to pressure to stop trying my best to succeed.虽然作为女性我受到歧视，可是我绝不会屈服于压力，我会尽最大的努力来取得成功。

13 When her father died of a heart attack, she was an employee at a petroleum products export company. She quit and took ove r her family's 160-acre fruit farm in St. David's County. (Para. 4) Meaning:When her father died due to a heart attack,Nicole stopped working for an export company of petroleum products and took control of her father's 160-acre-fruit farm in St.David's County.

★export:

n. [U] the business of selling and sending goods to other countries出口

They are now manufacturing more goods for export.他们现在正在生产更多的产品以供出口。v. sell goods to another country出口

Their flowers are exported around the world.他们的花卉出口到世界各地。

★take over: take control of sth.接管;接任;接受

In the event of strike, the army will take over the responsibility for fighting the fires.万一发生罢工，军队将接管灭火的责任。

Note This is also a figurative use of"fighting the fires"; which means "to disperse the strikes".

14 On her first day in the field, a worker called her "darling". "He was trying to test me. I was shaking with anger," says Nicole, now 34. "I stood erect and said, 'You wouldn't have called my father darling and you're not going to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire you."(Para. 4) Meaning beyond words:Nicole's personal story about how one of her workers addressed her on her first day in the field depicts gender discrimination-based disrespect:Men would instinctively think they are superior to women,so the male worker didn't show the appropriate respect to his boss,Nicole.

★erect:

a. in a straight upright position直立的;垂直的

He's very tall and erect for his 78 years.年已78岁的他非常高大挺拔。

vt. put sth. in an upright position竖起

Officials plan to erect a monument in the spacious square in the center o f the city官员们计划在

市中心宽阔的广场上竖起一座纪念碑。

★take a liberty/liberties with sb.: (old-fashioned) treat sb. without respect by being too friendly too quickly与某人相处时太放肆

You mustn't take liberties with the young women.你切勿对年轻女士太随便。

15 When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over. (Para. 5)

Meaning beyond words:When women work for their female bosses,they can always see and experience different working and communication styles from those adopted by their male bosses.

Note Here,"dynamic" means the set of forces that exist in a situation, especially a relationship, and affect how it changes or develops. For example:There's a very supportive dynamic between the members of the group.组员们之间互相支持，互相鼓励。

16 Susan, a cashier in a Toronto auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can rely on them more. (Para. 5)

Meaning beyong words:Susan has established friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she can trust them more than male bosses.

★auction: n. [C,U]a public meeting where land,buildings, paintings, etc. are sold to the person who offers the most money for them拍卖

After the housing market crashed, many bank-owned houses were sold far below their market value at auctions.房屋市场崩溃后，许多被银行收回的房屋以远低于其市场价的价格在拍卖会上被售出。

17 While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to make concessions to the new working styles. (Para. 5)

Meaning:Although women feel more comfortable and relaxed with a female boss,men often have to make changes in their behavior to adapt to the different working styles.

Meaning beyond words:The fact that men have to adjust themselves when they have a female boss is probably because of some psychological reason which makes them feel somewhat hard to get along with the opposite sex.

★feel at ease with sb.: feel relaxed with sb., esp.in a situation in which people might feel a little nervous(与某人在一起)感到放松，不拘束

If you want to get well again, it is essential to feel at ease with your therapist.如果你想恢复健康，很重要的一点是你跟你的治疗师在一起时感到很放松。

★concession: n. [C] a change in your behavior that you make because of a particular situation or idea妥协;迎合

As a concession, Mother let Nell stay up an hour longer at his computer games.作为妥协，母亲让内尔多玩一个小时的电脑游戏:

★make a concession/concessions to: allow sb.to have sth. in order to reach an agreement为对某事或某想法取得一致意见作出妥协

Our company has made a concession to them in order to reach a settlement and to continue with business as usual.为了达成和解并继续往常的业务，我们公司已对他们作出妥协。

18 Brian, a marine biologist, says, "It took me a couple of years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with her were much more

businesslike."(Para. 5)

Meaning:Brian,a marine biologist,says that it took him a couple of years before he felt at ease working around a female manager.Anyway,his relations with her were of a business type only.

★marine:

a. (only before noun) relating to the sea and the creatures that live there海洋的;海产的;海生的Sadly, our beaches are full o f trash, the sea is polluted, and marine life is endangered.很不幸，我们的海滩上全是垃圾，海洋受到了污染，海洋生物受到了威胁。

n. [C] a soldier who serves on a ship水兵;(英国/美国)海军陆战队士兵

From a letter in his pocket, an emergency room nurse learned动at his son was a marine stationed in North Carolina.从他口袋里的一封信中，急诊室护士了解到，他儿子是驻扎在北卡罗来纳州的海军陆战队士兵。

★businesslike: a. effective and practical in the way that you do things处事务实的;有效率的;讲究实际的

To teach the students good business manners, this activity was handled in a businesslike manner.为了培养学生良好的商务礼仪，这项活动是以务实的方式进行的。

Note The word businesslike, as explained above, is different from words like childlike. Similar words for your attention: lifelike(逼真的;栩栩如生的)，warlike(好战的;善武的).

19To some extent, the male-female differences come down to conflicting styles. (Para. 6) Meaning:To some degree,the male-female differences in management lie in contradicting working styles.

★extent: [sing., UJ the degree to which sth.happens or is likely to happen程度;限度;范围

There is disagreement about the extent of American influence in Europe.关于美国对欧洲的影响程度人们说法不一。

★to some extent: used to say that sth. is partly but not completely true在某种程度上

We all tend to remember to some extent the good times and forget the bad.我们都在一定程度上会记住美好的时光，而忘记痛苦的时刻。

★come down to: if a complicated situation or problem comes down to sth., that is the single most important thing归结为

The decision whether or not we can go on a vacation to Europe comes down to money in the end; that is, how much money we can afford.我们能不能去欧洲度假的决定最终都归结到钱，即我们能拿出多少钱。

20One female vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting. "Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying, inferring that she's feeling unhappy or violated."(Para. 6)

Meaning:One female vice-president talked about the time when she could not hold back her tears at a meeting.She said that men considered women's tears just as unfair weapons.They were angry at women who were crying and thought that these women felt unhappy or offended.

★vice-: prefix used with the name of a senior job title for referring to the person holding a job immediately below that one表示“副”(用于高级职位的名称前，表示仅次于这个职位的职位) The vice-president is now in control of the school since the president is ill at home.现在是副校长在管理学校，因为校长生病在家。

★burst into: suddenly begin to make a sound,esp. to start singing, crying, or laughing突然迸发

(尤指开始唱歌、哭、笑等)

Before Mary even finished telling the anecdote, I couldn't help but burst into laughter.还没等玛丽说完她那个有趣的故事，我就忍不住爆发出大笑。

★take exception to sth.: be angry or upset because of sth.因某事而生气(烦恼)

I take great exception to having such poor service here.我对这儿糟糕的服务表示强烈不满。

★infer: vt. form an opinion that sth. is probably true because of information that you have(根据资料)推断，推定

From the evidence which the police collected so far, we can infer that the victim knew her killer.我们可以从警察至今收集的证据推断出被害人认识凶手。

★violate: vt.

1)do sth. that makes sb. feel that they have been attacked or have suffered a great loss of respect打扰;侵犯;侵害

The media regularly violates people's privacy.媒体经常侵犯人们的隐私。

2 ) disobey or do sth. against an official agreement law, principle, etc.违背;违反;侵犯

Thirty-four protesters were arrested for violating criminal law.三十四名抗议者因违反刑法而被捕。

21 The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage. (Para.

6)

Meaning:The men did not know what made women cry was not being hurt but their anger.

22 "When we cry, it's because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release," she says. "Women cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed."(Para. 6)

Meaning:She says that women cry because they have nowhere to release their reasonable anger.While women cry,men seek to release their anger by continuing with their attacks on women or by hiding their feelings to look calm.

Meaning beyond words:This example further contrasts the different working styles between men and women,triggered by their personality traits.

★valid: a.

1) reasonable and generally accepted有根据的;令人信服的

Police officers must have a valid reason for stopping motorists.警察必须有正当的理由来拦截司机。

2) legally or officially acceptable有效的;正式认可的

Your return ticket is valid for three months.您的回程机票有效期为三个月。

★offense: n.[U](BrE offence) the act of offending or displeasing得罪;冒犯行为

The attorney said his client committed the offense because he was out o f control over his emotions, so he pleaded insanity.律师说他的当事人因无法控制自己的情绪而做出冒犯行为,因此称其属于精神失常。

★veil:

vt. hide sth. behind sth. else遮盖;掩饰

It was a gray morning with the drizzle beginning to veil the hills.这是一个灰蒙蒙的早晨，细雨开始笼罩山峦。

n. [C] a thin piece of material that women wear to cover their faces面纱

Some women wear veils for religious reasons to prevent strangers from seeing their faces.有些妇女出于宗教原因戴面纱，不让陌生人看到她们的脸。

★compose: vt.

1)(~oneself) make oneself calm after being angry, upset, or nervous使自己镇静下来

Standing in front of the platform, she took a moment or two to compose herself and then walked a few steps toward her audience.站在舞台前，她用了片刻的时间让自己镇定下来，然后向前朝观众走了几步。

2) (be ~d of) be formed from a number of substances, parts, or people由…组成

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢和氧组成。

★composed: a. calm and relaxed镇静的;镇定的

To everyone's surprise, Tom came out fairly composed after a heated argument with his opponents.出乎所有人的意料，汤姆与他的对手进行了激烈的争论后，出来时仍相当镇定自若。

23Deborah, president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that even if men do understand, they sometimes react differently to the identical information and to her cooperative management style. (Para. 7)

Meaning:According to Deborah,president of a firm with its main office located in Toronto,even if men do understand why women cry,they sometimes react differently to similar information and to her collaborative style.

★headquarters: n. [p1.] the main building or offices used by a large company or organization.总部;总公司;总办事处

The international investment company, which has its headquarters in New York, has three branches in New York, one in Canada and five in Spain.总部设在纽约的那家国际投资公司在纽约有三家分公司，在加拿大有一家，在西班牙有五家。

★identical: a. exactly the same, or very similar完全相同的;非常相似的

Physically, the two brothers were almost identical, but they were worlds apart in their approach to life.两兄弟虽然长得非常像，但他们的生活方式却有天壤之别。

★cooperative: a. willing to cooperate合作的

Employees who feel valued are more productive and cooperative.感到受重视的雇员工作效率会更高，合作精神会更强。

24Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender.(Para. 8)

Meaning:According to Deborah,her authority is sometimes weakened by biased opinion of women.

25 "It stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women," she says."Mom would tell you to do things, but perhaps you wouldn't take as much notice as when Dad told you to do things. Men also have a stronger urge to control," she says. (Para. 8) Meaning:She says that people's different reactions toward female bosses and male bosses come from our social background：the traditional roles for men and women.People would pay more attention to what their dad told them to do than what their mom would tell them.Men also have a stronger desire to control.

★stem from: develop as a result of sth. else源于;来自;由于…发生

His love o f writing, he believes, stems from his analytical training at university.他认为他对写作的热爱源于他在大学所接受的分析能力训练。

★context: n. [C, U]

1) the situation, events, or information that are related to sth. and that help you to understand it 场合;周围情况;环境;背景

Indeed, the local people's attitude toward the same policy varies over time and with a changing social context.确实，当地人民对同一政策的态度随着时间和社会背景的变化而变化。

2) the words that come just before and after a word or sentence and that help you understand its meaning 上下文;语境

You have to make full use o f the clues given by the story's context, your common sense and knowledge 可the world.你必须充分利用故事的上下文，以及你的常识和你对世界的了解。

26 For female bosses, the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle. Junior women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would. (Para. 9) Meaning beyond words :As female bosses manage more diplomatically and often seek consensus,female employees usually expect to get promoted more quickly by women bosses.This is another obstacle for female bosses.

27 But,they also expect female bosses to be more self-sufficient."They ask,'Why can't you scan your own stuff?'or'Why can't you do your do your own filling?'"says one senior female executive.(Para.9)

Meaning beyond words:Female employees,however,would also expect female bosses to do more by themselves for the purpose that they won't be bothered.This expectation by female employees is an act of undermining Deborah's authority,and it implicitly attests to disrespectful behavior toward her as a boss.

★scan : vt.

1) use a piece of equipment to read and store information in digital form 扫描

The entire paper contents o f all libraries will eventually be scanned into computers.所有图书馆的文本资料最终将被扫描进电脑。

2) (also~through) read sth. very quickly in order to get important or interesting information 粗略地看;浏览

Scan the newspaper article and make a note of the main points.把报纸上的文章粗略地看一下，并把要点记下来。

Usage NOTE scan, skim scan 和skim 都可译为“浏览、快读”，都可用作及物 和不及物动词，但实际上它们有显著的差别。 1 scan 指“查读”，是根据需要快速扫描出相关的细节。 scan 用于此义时，可用作及物和不及物动词。例如: She scanned the advertisement pages of the newspapers.她很快地查读了报纸上的广告页。 Usage NOTE scan, skim scan 和skim 都可译为“浏览、快读”，都可用作及物和不及物动词，但实际上它们有显著的差别。 1 scan 指“查读”，是根据需要快速扫描出相关的细节。 scan 用于此义时，可用作及物和不及物动词。例如: She scanned the advertisement pages of the newspapers.她很快地查读了报纸上的广告页。 2 skim 与scan 不同，是“略读”，指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看，在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意。 例如: I only skimmed the headlines of the newspaper every morning.每天早晨我只是浏览一下报纸的大标题。

28 On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female boss in the workplace. (Para. 10)

Meaning:Despite female employees' too many expectations,one thing that goes beyond any disagreement is that the condition would not have in place a few decades ago-they could hardly get a woman as their boss.

★dispute: n. [C, U] a serious argument or disagreement争论;辩论;争端;纠纷

There is no dispute that family and relatives are the primary source of support for senior people at home.家人和亲属是居家老人的主要支柱，这是不争的事实。

Sentence structure NOTE

"There is dispute that…"结构与"These's no doubt/need / point that…结构(B2U2,Text B)属于同一句型，基本用法相同.

29 Nina, a management consultant says she's vaguely optimistic. "I'm looking forward to the day, before I die, when we recognize that the best management styles will be composed of the best that both genders bring to the table…”Well, she pauses, maybe not before she dies, perhaps in her daughter's lifetime. (Para. 10)

Meaning beyond words:Nina,a management adviser says she's kind of optimistic that someday,before she dies,people will understand the best management styles come from the cimbination of the best provide by of both genders.However,she gives the hint that maybe this day won't come soon;perhaps it will happen in her daughter's lifetime.

★consultant: n. [CJ sb. whose job is to give advice on a particular subject顾问

He's left his job as a computer programmer and is now working as a consultant for a German firm.

他已不做电脑程序员的工作，现在在一家德国公司做顾问。

★vague: a. unclear because sb. does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean含糊的;不明确的;不清楚的

The news they've released about the flood is vague and incomplete.他们发布的有关水灾的消息

含糊且不完整。

★vaguely: ad.

1) in a way that is not clear模模糊糊地;不明确地

Always 1 was taught that money was not the most important thing in life, so 1 will feel vaguely uncomfortable i f there is too much of it on hand.我总是被教导说，钱不是生活中最重要的东西，所以如果我手里有太多的钱，我会隐约地感到不舒服。

2) slightly稍微;有点

The interview made him look vaguely ridiculous.他在面试中表现得有点滑稽可笑。Structure analysis and writing

Focus on an example essay

By reading women's working styles in the feature report, students can see that a feature contains a lot of background information, anecdotes, interviews,and specific examples一a useful tool when writing a feature. The example essay is one of the most basic essays in academic writing, but it can be extremely difficult if students have never written one or do not know what to write about. An example essay has the same purpose: to use specific instances or actual cases to convince the readers that a particular point is true. In an example essay, students support their

point by illustrating it with examples. When used well, examples make writing more persuasive, thus increasing the chances readers will understand and believe the point. Like other writing modes, the point in an example essay is reflected in the thesis statement. For example: 1My female boss' leadership ability is apparent in her relationships with her employees.

2My male boss' personality is intolerable:stubborn, bad-tempered, and suspicious.

3My new co-workers are uncooperative,incompetent; and inconsiderate.

Once students have finished writing a thesis statement, they can start writing examples in the following paragraphs. Generally speaking, each body paragraph gives one specific and extended example to support one of the sub-points mentioned in the thesis statement. Of course, students may want to give numerous examples to illustrate their point, which is fine. However, it totally depends on what kind of topic they are dealing with. For instance, suppose the thesis statement is "Our city streets are in terrible condition." Would two or three extended examples be sufficient? Probably not. In short, thesis statements that state or imply "most" or "all" may need numerous examples; otherwise,just use a few but more developed examples. The following paragraph from Text A exemplifies how to support a thesis statement with a specific and detailed example: To some extent, the male- female differences come down to con flieting styles. One female vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting. "Men think that tears are a nuclear weapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying, inferring that she's feeling unhappy or violated." The men failed to understand that what prompted her tears was not hurt but genuine rage. "When we cry, it's because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate release," she says. "Women cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their feelings to appear composed."

Analysis of the whole text structure

Text A is a feature report on female bosses in the workplace. It has brought us various scenarios where female managers show their unique working styles toward their employees, coupled with male managers' contrastive way of performance. The text consists of six major parts.

Part One (Paras. 1-2) serves as the introduction of the text. Paragraph 1 starts with Monica's story.Twenty years later, she changed her preference from working for a male boss to a female boss. Paragraph 2 raises two questions concerning working styles: 1)Do men and women manage differently? 2) If so, is that a good thing?

Part Two (Para. 3) presents the unique working style of a female boss: Delegate power and always look for a consensus. As a result, employees are happy and flourish because they have input into decisions instead of being passive bystanders; their energies are put to use. On the other hand, consensus takes longer.

Part Three (Paras. 4-5) explores the differences in working styles between male and female bosses.Paragraph 4 exclaims that men are typically hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled while women manage diplomatically and skillfully, but some young people proclaim that women and men basically manage in the same way, using Nicole's example. Paragraph 5 illustrates the two different scenarios: Women feel more at ease with their female boss, but it takes a long time for men to feel comfortable around their female boss, taking the examples of Susan and Brian.

Part Four (Paras. 6-8) analyzes reasons why male and female bosses manage differently. Paragraph 6 uses the example of a female vice-president, who burst into tears at a meeting because

she felt angry,but men don't understand and they consider crying similar to using a nuclear weapon in a conventional war. Paragraph 7 asserts that even if men understand they would react differently to the similar information. With Deborah's personal experience, Paragraph 8 explains that the difference stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women.

Part Five (Para. 9) discusses the obstacles a female boss also faces: Female employees expect their female boss will more quickly promote them; on the other hand, they hope their female boss can take care of her own work without bothering them.

Part Six (Para. 10) concludes the feature report with the example of Nina. Nina is somewhat optimistic about the future, hoping the day will come soon when people recognize the best management styles are composed of both male and female.