麓山国际2014-2015-1初三第二次限时训练物理
一、选择题（每小题只有一个正确答案，每题3分，共36分）
1．（3分）扩散现象的发生是由于（）
A．分子在永不停息地做无规则运动
B．分子之间有作用力
C．分子间的斥力大于引力
D．物质是由分子组成的
2．（3分）在一个电源两端接有两个不同的灯泡，用电流表测得通过这两个灯泡的电流不相等，则这两个灯泡的连接方式（）
A．一定是串联B．一定是并联
C．串联、并联都可以D．条件不足，无法判断
3．（3分）实验装置如图所示，在一个厚壁玻璃筒里放一块浸有少量乙醚（乙醚极易挥发）的棉花，用力把活塞迅速下压，棉花就会立即燃烧．根据该实验现象得出的下列结论正确的是（）
A．气体比液体更容易被压缩
B．浸有少量乙醚可以降低棉花的着火点
C．活塞迅速下压，乙醚蒸气液化放出热量，使棉花燃烧
D．外界对物体做功时，物体的内能会增加
4．（3分）如图所示的四个电路图中，电源电压均为U，每个电阻的阻值都为R，开关闭合后，哪个电路中电流表的示数最大？（）
A．B．C．D．
5．（3分）如图电路中，当开关S闭合后，电压表测出的电压是
（）
A．L1两端的电压
B．L2两端的电压
C．电源和L2串联后的总电压
D．电源电压
6．（3分）将质量相同的甲、乙、丙三块金属加热到相同的温度后，放到上表面平整的冰块上．经过一定时间后，冰块形状基本不再变化时的情形如图所示．则三块金属的比热容c甲、c乙、c丙大小相比（）
A．c甲最大B．c乙最大C．c丙最大D．c甲=c乙=c丙
7．（3分）如图所示的各种电路，同种元件的参数均相等，能利用滑动变阻器调节电灯从亮到熄灭的电路是（）
A．B．C．D．
8．（3分）教室里投影仪的光源是强光灯泡，发光时必须用风扇给予降温．在使用投影仪时，要求先启动带动风扇的电动机，再使灯泡发光；如果风扇不启动，灯泡就不能发光．如图所示的电路图中能符合要求的是（）
A．B．C．D．
9．（3分）冰在熔化过程中，下列判断正确的是（）
A．吸收热量，温度不变
B．内能不变，比热容不变
C．比热容、内能、温度都不变
D．比热容变大、内能增加，温度升高
10．（3分）如图所示，电源电压为4.5V且恒定不变，当开关s闭合后，滑动变阻器的滑片P从a端滑向b端的过程中，三只理想电压表的示数变化的绝对值分别为△U1、△U2、△U3，下列可能出现的情况是（）
A．△U1=OV、△U2=2V、△U3=1V
B．△U1=OV、△U2=2V、△U3=2V
C．△U1=0.5V、△U2=1V、△U3=1.5V
D．△U1=0.2V、△U2=1V、△U3=0.8V
11．（3分）如图所示电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合开关S后，将滑动变阻器R2的滑片P向右移动，在此过程中（）
A．电流表A示数变大，电压表V2示数变小
B．电流表A示数变大，电压表V1示数变小
C．电压表V1示数变小，电压表V2示数变大
D．电压表V1示数不变，电压表V2示数变大
12．（3分）标有“4V 1W”的小灯泡和“20Ω 1A”的滑动变阻器连接在图所示的电路中，电源电压为6V，电流表量程为“O～O.6A”，电压表量程为“0～3V”．为确保电路安全，闭合开关时，滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值变化范围应控制在（不考虑温度对电阻的影响）（）A．O～8Ω
B．8～16Ω
C．16～20Ω
D．以上答案都不对
二、填空题（每空2分，共22分）
13．（4分）有一个导体，两端的电压为10V时，通过的电流为1A，则它的电阻是
Ω；当导体两端的电压为零时，该导体的电阻是Ω．
14．（4分）一只小灯泡正常工作时的电压为6V，正常发光时的电流为0.5A，现手边只有一个电压为9V的电源，为了使小灯泡能正常发光，应联一只阻值为的电阻．
15．（6分）用煤气灶把1kg、初温为20℃的水烧到70℃，消耗了1×10﹣2kg煤气．已知水的比热容是4.2×103J/（kg?℃），煤气的热值为4.2×107J/kg，则水吸收的热量为J，燃烧煤气放出的热量为J煤气灶烧水的效率为%．
16．（4分）如图，用铁锤连续敲打铁块，铁块变热，内能；铁块的内能是通过
的方式改变的．
17．（2分）利用如图的电路，测量Rx的阻值．电源电压保持不变，S是单刀双掷开关、R′是电阻箱、R0是已知阻值的电阻、Rx是待测电阻．将开关S拨到a，电流表的示数为
I；再将开关S拨到b，调节电阻箱R′的阻值，当电流表的示数为时，读出电阻箱的阻值为R，则被测电阻Rx的阻值为．
18．（2分）如图的电路中，三个电阻R1、R2、R 3的阻值分别为1Ω、3Ω、6Ω，电流表
A1、
A2和A3的内阻均可忽略，它们的示数分别为I1、I2和I3，则I1：I2：I3=．
三、实验探究题（每空2分，共24分）
19．（8分）实验测得1kg某物质温度随时间变化的图象如图．已知该物质在固态下的比热容c1=2.1×103J/（kg?℃），设物质从热源吸热的功率恒定不变，根据图象解答下列问题：（1）在最初2min内，物质温度升高了40℃，则吸收的热量J，吸热功率为
W．
（2）在t2=6min时，物质处于固液共存状态，且仍在（填“吸热”、或“放热”）．（3）该物质在液态下的比热容c2为J/（kg?℃）．
20．（8分）在探究“电压一定时，电流跟电阻的关系”的实验中，设计电路图如图甲．
（1）根据电路图将实物连接成完整．连接电路时，开关闭合前、滑动变阻器的滑片应该处于（填“最左端”或“最右端”）．
（2）连接好电路，闭合开关，发现电流表没有示数，移动滑动变阻器的滑片，电压表示数始终接近电源电压．造成这一现象的原因可能是
A．电流表坏了B．滑动变阻器短路
C．电阻处接触不良D．电阻短路
（3）排除电路故障进行实验，多次改变R的阻值，调节滑动变阻器，使电压示数保持不变，实验数据记录如表．其中第5次实验电流表示数如图丙其读数为A 实验次数12345
电阻R/Ω510152025
电流V/A0.60.30.20.15
）实验结论是：．
21．（8分）在“探究串联电路中各点的电流有什么关系”时，小明设计实验如右图．把两个灯泡L1、L2串联起来接到右图所示电路中，分别把图中A、B、C各点断开，把接入，测量流过的电流，看看它们之间有什么关系．
换上另外两个小灯泡，再次测量三点的，看看是否还有同样的关系．
A点的电流I A B点的电流I B C点的电流I C
第一次测量0.3A0.3A0.3A
第二次测量0.2A0.2A0.2A
（1）在拆接电路时，开关S必须处于状态．
（2）结论：串联电路中各处相等．
四、综合题（4+6+8共18分）
22．（4分）阅读下面短文，并回答问题：
日本福岛第一核电站引发核危机
北京时间2011年3月11日13时46分，日本本州岛仙台港附近发生了9.0级地震，地震引发的海啸造成福岛第一核电站冷却系统失灵，第1、2、3、4号反应堆相继发生爆炸，导致放射性物质泄漏，从而引发核危机．
核电站的核心设备是核反应堆，核反应堆是通过重核裂变释放核能的装置，图是核电站的原理图．核反应堆重核裂变，释放出核能传递给水，产生高温高压蒸汽，推动蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电．
3月11日回答问题：
（1）根据图，请在方框内完成核电站发电过程中能量的转化流程图：
（2）仔细观察核电站的原理图．在发电过程中，水发生的物态变化有汽化和液化．核电站在运行过程中要产生巨大热量，常用水来冷却，这是因为水具有的特性，所以，核电站一般建在海边．
23．（6分）如图所示电路中，R1=10Ω．当开关S闭合时，电流表示数为0.2A，电压表为4V．
求：
（1）R2的阻值有多大？
（2）R1两端的电压是多少？
（3）电源电压是多少？
24．（8分）如图电路中，电源电压不变，已知R l=6Ω，R2=4Ω，当S1和S2都闭合时，电流表A1的示数为1A，电流表A的示数为2.5A，求：
（1）电源电压．
（2）电阻R3的阻值．
（3）当S1和S2都断开时，电流表A l和电压表V的示数．
中考物理培优专题训练三
中学中考物理培优专题训练 一、例题 例1．下文是摘自某刊物的文章，请仔细阅读后，按要求回答问题。 《光污染，来自靓丽的玻璃幕墙》 最近张小姐十分苦恼，因为她的房子正对着一座新大厦的玻璃幕墙，有时站在她的窗前，看到对面玻璃幕墙就像平面镜一样，将同楼居民家的一举一动看得请请楚楚，玻璃幕墙的反光也使她苦不堪言，只要是晴天，她的房间就被强烈的反射光线照得通亮，无法正常休息。尤其是那种凹形建筑物，其玻璃幕墙在客观上形成一种巨型聚光镜，一个几十甚至几百平方米的凹透镜，其聚光功能是相当可观的，能使局部温度升高，造成火灾隐患…… ⑴从文中找出一个光学方面的物理知识填入横线：___________________________________; ⑵文中有一处出现了科学性的错误，请在错误句子下面画上横线； ⑶从上文找出一个玻璃幕墙给居民生活带来的不便或危害的实例：_____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ⑷如何预防光污染？请你提出一条合理化建议：_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________。 [分析与解答]： ⑴平面镜成像是光的反射。 ⑵一个几十甚至几百平方米的凹透镜，其聚光功能是相当可观的，划线部分是错误的，因为凹透镜对光束是发散的，不可能会聚，作者将凹透镜和凸面镜混淆，显然为一误。 ⑶危害居民的身体健康，暴露居民的生活隐私，聚光甚至要引起火灾。 ⑷要限制开发商在居民区造商务大楼。对玻璃墙的设计、制作及使用范围要有统一的技术标准，防止光污染进入居民家或公共设施内。 例2．夏天，我们使用的吊扇配有一个调速器，当我们将吊扇的速度调慢时，过一会儿，调速器摸上去有点热。当我们将吊扇的速度调到最慢时，调速器摸上去温度最高。而当吊扇转速最快时，调速器几乎不发热。你是否发现这个问题，请试一下，并解释这个现象。 [分析与解答]：吊扇的调速器实际上相当于一个变阻器，它与吊扇串联连接，通过的电流相等。当它的 电阻变大时，吊扇的转速变慢，根据公式P ＝I 2 R 调速器的电阻也将消耗电功率，而这部分电能将转化为内能，所以调速器发热，当吊扇转速最小，调速器的电阻最大，消耗电功率最大，所以调速器温度也最高，反之亦然。 例3．家庭使用的可调的台灯是有一个小灯、一个滑动变阻器和开关连接成的，若小灯上标有“220伏，0.44安”，滑动变阻器的阻值变化范围是0－1000欧，请你分析图1 所示两个电路的台灯在使用时的优点和缺点。 [分析与解答]：由题意得R 灯＝U 灯/I 灯＝220伏/0.44安＝500欧，如图a 所示，在变阻器电阻为零时，小灯两端电压为220伏。此时小 灯最大电流I 1＝U/R 灯＝220伏/500欧＝0.44安小灯发光最亮；当变阻器电阻最大时，小灯 电流最小I 1’＝U/R 总＝U/（R 灯＋R 滑）＝220 伏/（500欧＋1000欧）＝0.15安小灯不会熄灭，灯的亮度调节范围较小。 对于图b 所示电路，当滑片位于最右端时，电路为并联电路，小灯两端为电源电压。此时小灯电流最大I 2＝U/R 灯＝220伏/500欧＝0.44安小灯发光最亮；当滑片位于最左端，小灯短路，此时灯两端电压为零，则I 2’=0，小灯完全熄灭，灯的亮度调节范围较大。 在小灯同样亮度下，图a 所示电源输出电流小于图b 电路。如：（1）在小灯最亮时，图a 电源输出电流I 1＝U/R 灯＝220伏/500欧＝0.44安，图b 电源输出电流I 2＝I 灯＋I 滑 ＝U/R 灯＋U/R 滑＝220伏/500欧＋220伏/1000欧＝0.44安＋0.22安＝0.66 安。⑵在通过小灯电流为零时，图a 中电源输出电流I 1’＝0图b 中电源输出电流I 2’＝U/R 滑＝220伏/1000欧＝0.22安，因此图b 电路较消耗电 能，不经济。 例3．饮水机的电路如图2 所示，水沸腾前红灯亮、绿灯灭，加热管正常 1 温控开关2 加 热 管 图2 （a ） 图1 (b)
高一英语阅读限时训练
高一英语阅读限时训练(9.24) A A man wanted to give his mother a birthday present. He bought a parrot. The parrot was very expensive. It was $50.000. This was because the bird could talk in English, Japanese, Chinese and other nine languages. It could also sing ten famous songs. On her birthday, the mother got the bird. However, she did not know all this. Early the next morning, the telephone rang in her house, and the woman answered. It was her son. “Do you like the bird, Mother?”these came her son’s voice on the ot her side. “Oh, yes, very much!” answer the mother. “It was delicious!” 1. The man gave his mother _______ as her birthday present. A. a parrot B. some money C. a birthday cake D. some new clothes 2. A parrot is __________. A. a kind of car B. a bird which can do housework for you C. a bird that can speak D. a robot that can speak nine foreign languages. 3. Why was the bird so dear?______________ A. Because it was very friendly to people. B. Because it could speak twelve languages. C. Because it could sing ten famous songs. D. Both B and C 4. What was the end of the bird?____________ A. It flew away. B. It was dead. C. It talked with the old woman in different languages. D. Other people liked the bird very much and took it away. 5. How do you think the man felt when he heard the news?___________ A. He was angry. B. He was unhappy. C. He was very surprised. D. All of the above. B A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat by his feet. He held up a sign (标牌) which said, “I am blind. Please help me.” There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was walking by. He took a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the hat. He then took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words. He put it back so that everyone who walked by could see the new words. Soon the hat began to fill up. More and more people were giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see the boy again. The boy recognize his footst eps and asked, “Were you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write?” The man said, “I only wrote the truth. I said what you said but in a different way. I wrote, ‘Today is a beautiful day, but I can’t see it.’” Do you think the first sign and the second sign were saying the same thing? Of course both signs told people the boy was blind, but the first sign simply said the boy was blind. The second sign told people they were so lucky that they were not blind. 6. The blind boy held up the sign to ______. A. ask the way B. find the man C. ask for money D. find his family 7. What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指的是) __________？ A. the word B. the sign C. the coin D. the hat 8. The boy recognized the man from his _______. A. footsteps B. voice C. words D. coins
高三英语30分钟限时训练2
高三英语限时训练二（30分钟，满分100分） 一．（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2018全国III卷) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________ 二．（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）(2018年6月浙江卷) Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________ 6.____________ 7.____________ 8.____________ 9.____________ 10.____________
全国卷2019年高考英语复习题强化技能限时训练(十四)
强化技能限时训练(十四) 阅读理解(主旨大意类)+阅读填句 (限时35分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 ( A ) 【社会文化类】 I am a strong believer that if a child is raised with approval,he learns to love himself and will be successful in his own way. Several weeks ago,I was doing homework with my son in the third grade and he kept standing up from his chair to go over the math lines. I kept asking him to sit down,telling him that he would concentrate better.He sat but seconds later,as if he didn’t even notice he was doing it,he got up again. I was getting frustrated,but then it hit me. I started noticing his answers were much quicker and accurate when he stood up. Could he be more absorbed while standing up? This made me start questioning myself and what I had been raised to believe. I was raised to believe that a quiet,calm child was a sure way to success. This child would have the will power to study hard,get good grades and become someone important in life. Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality qualities,and all you can do is loving and accepting them. As parents,throughout their growing years and beyond that,we need to be our kids’ best cheerleaders,guiding them and helping them find their way. I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate. Obviously,he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine. We need to learn to accept our kids’ ways of doing things. Some way may have worked for me but doesn’t mean we need to carry it through generations. There is nothing sweeter than being personal and unique.It makes us free and happy and that’s just the way I want my kids to live their own lives. 1.Time and again the author got his son seated in order to make him . A. work fast B. go polite C. stay relaxed D. keep attentive 2.The underlined “it” (in the first paragraph) probably refers to . A. his son’s doing better while standing up B. his failure in keeping his son under control C. his own experience as a school boy D. his disappointment with his active child 3.By this passage,the author attempts to tell other parents to . A. correct their kids’ manners from the early ages B. respect and trust their kids’ ways of behaviors C. develop a good relationship with their children D. guarantee their children’s freedom at home 4.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?( ) A. Parental help with teens’ study B. Adult influence on teen growth C. Kids’ success in their own styles D. Friendship between generations
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