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考博英语考试中，词汇是关键，是所有考察题目的前提。没有足够的词汇量，或者对词汇的记忆、理解不够好，直接决定了英语水平的高低，想考个好成绩更是无法谈取。所以，词汇是万里长征的第一步。

如果不幸你又选择了中科院作为博士考试的目标，嘿嘿，情况可以用“雪上加霜”来形容了。记得当年考硕士的时候，国家规定的词汇量大约是5700个(现在可能有变化，但不会很大吧)，英语六级的词汇量也差不多就这些(稍有出入，但变化不大)。而中科院的英语博士入学考试词汇大纲(以北京理工大学出版社的大纲为准)，包括的词汇量达到了近12000。这个数字达到了硕士英语大纲的两倍。虽然不能否认很多词汇之间有内在联系，可当我第一次拿到这个大纲的时候，我从来没见过的单词多的是。

第一，要有个权威的英语词汇大纲。

我选择的是机工工业出版社的版本，其特点是综合了历年中科院英语博士入学考试试卷中出现过的词汇，比较全面，而且有一定的针对性。在看这本书之间，建议大家可以先把六级字汇大纲，或者一些学者编写的硕士研究生入学考试字汇大纲上的所有词汇都记完。这个应该不难，大家都是过来人嘛，而且量也没那么大。

第二，第一次如何看机械工业版本的大纲。

这本书上会有很多字汇以前没有见过，如何把这些词汇搞明白，相当有难度。在大学时期，大家都习惯拿着词汇表，从头背到尾，也有人喜欢把词汇分成几个大块，一块一块的往下记。这是个好方法，而且也比较有效果。但对大多数的博士考生来说，缺乏基本条件。因为我们这些人要么是已经工作了，日常杂事繁多，要么正在准备硕士毕业论文，不可能拿出一上午，或者一下午的时间。我比较推荐的方法是“分而食之”。

1，拿出大约一周的时间，对大纲中的词汇进行甄别。自己已经知道的词汇放过，不会的词汇用红笔做个记号。然后把这些做了记号的词汇分别抄写到窄纸条上，并附上其中文意思(如果不知道怎么读，还要注明音标)，最好每个词一个小条。对于有派生的词汇，可以只抄下根词，余下的可以放在以后解决。把这些小条按照字母顺序分成多个包，比如a开头的放在一起，有些词汇不多的，可以合并(大纲中，真正没有见过的词也就2000左右吧，因人而异，而派生、词组占了不少)。

2，在自己口袋里一次放一个包，大约会有30~60个单词。当你在忙于工作的间隙，或者散步的间隙…..(只要是有小的时间段就可以)，从口袋里摸出一个小条，快速的记下它是怎么拼写的，怎么读的，中文意思是什么，然后把纸条放在另一个口袋里。接着就可以在脑海里默记，做到会读，将来见到这个词了，能知道它的大体意思(至少它是什么性质的词)。一般来说，半天就可以解决50个生词，而且不会误工作。就靠这个方法，我在3周内，不知不觉的啃掉了大约近2000个生词。(提醒一下，如果你在路上默记，安全第一，碰着树了，撞着墙了都没多大影响，和车车接吻可就麻烦了：))。这一步完成后，如果效果不是多好，可以重复，一般2个回合足够了。

第三，这个时候，大纲中的词汇分成了两类。一类是才记过的，但不是很熟练，一类是以前都熟悉的。针对这两类词汇，采取交叉记忆，周期轮回的方法。

1，每天对大纲中新记过的划红线词汇都要过目一遍。这个过程要快，一看到这个单词，就回想它的中文意思，想不出来没关系，可以参考大纲。切不可回复，非要把它记清楚再看后边的，没这个必要，因为这个时候不会的词还多着呢，误了时间就是缩短了记忆的周期，等你把这个熟悉了，以前有点印象的词汇又失去了。注重的是整个不熟悉词汇的过目频率，而不

是哪几个单词。2000多个词，2个小时内必须扫过一遍。

2，同样在那一天，要把大纲从头往后记忆。这时要轻松不少，因为很多词是熟悉的，而不熟悉的词可以再加深印象。

就我个人来说，一般整个大纲一周内就可以过一遍，而这个时候，划红线的词汇已经过了7遍。当这痛苦的一周过去之后，第二次大循环开始之后，明显的就感觉好多了，很多红线词汇已经熟悉了。

第三条的2款是否是多余的?非也，当全力记忆红线词汇时，以前熟悉的词也有一些在模糊，尤其是相当多的红线词汇与这些“熟悉词汇”之间，在意思，拼写，读法上比较容易混淆。

这个过程，持续3周之后，整个大纲上的词汇，几乎没有你不熟悉的了，当然，汉语意思一时记不起来的还有不少。这些词汇属于那些“顽固词汇”类别，相信大家都有这样的体会：有些词，只看过一遍，基本就记住了，而有些词(特别是拼写很类似的词汇)，记了多少次，还是不大确定。建议此时专门找个小本子，把这些“顽固词汇”特别抄录下来，每天都去对比光顾。由于这类词汇数量不多(顶多就200吧)，特殊对待后，用不多长时间就记牢了。

第四，掌握拼写甚至引申意义。但这个效果非常的不稳定，只要中断一周，很多词汇依旧让人头痛。不错，大家该猜到了，词汇进入巩固期了。

巩固期相对好多了，坚持“持之以恒”吧，每周把整个大纲扫一遍，随时发现记忆“模糊”的词汇。在阅读训练，写作训练的相辅相成下，一直坚持到考试前一天。

根据个人感觉，中科院英语博士入学考试题目的词汇部分不难，这些选择填空只要把题目的意思和选项中各词汇的意思搞懂了，往往不存在两个选项拿捏不准的情况，基本一下就能确定答案。我推荐的方法是：

A，两个前提：题目意，选项意要搞明白;

B，不能确定的选项：1，从语法角度判断该空需要什么类型的词汇(形容词，还是副词，还是名词…);2，从句子结构的角度判断，有不少并列句，倒装句就是这样;3，固定搭配;4，排除法

C，实在什么办法都用完了，也不知道该选哪个好。这个时候，可以把某个选项带入到题目中，读一遍，然后凭自己的语感选择一个最舒服的选项。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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