给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1
给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewetage engineering
市政工程civil engineering
市政工程师civil engineer
环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology
水力学hydranlies
水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed
水体waterbody
地表水surface water
新鲜水freshwater
地下水groundwater
含水层aquifer
天然含水层natural aquifer
地下含水层underground aquifer
水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration
降水precipitation
渗入precolation
蒸发evaporation
蒸腾transpiration
城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source
水资源water resource
取水water withdrawal
水处理water treatment
配水water distribution
用水water use
污水wastewater
废水abwasser
废水收集wastewater collection
废水处理wastewater disposal
受纳水体receiving waters
污染pollution pollute
污染物pollntant
玷污、污染contamination
致污物contaminant
未污染uncontaminated
水污染water pollution
水污染控制water pollution control
水污染防治water pollution prevention
污水回用wastewater reuse
UNIT 2
水短缺water scarcity
地表水资源surface water resource
管网Pipe Network
供水系统water supply system
市政配水系统municipal distribution system
建筑给水系统house water supply system
分区供水系统dual distribution system
小区micro district
小社区small community
冷水供水系统cold water supply system
热水供水系统hot water supply system
消防系统fire protection system
喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system
自动水幕系统automatic drencher system
半自动水幕系统
semi automatic drencher system
消火栓hydrant
排水系统drainage system
生活排水系统sanitary system
工业排水系统industrial system
雨水排水系统stormwater system
合流制combined sewers
分流制separate sewers
建筑排水系统building drainage system
卫生洁具plumbing fixtures
卫浴设备bathroom fixtures
输水系统water transmission system
漏水率leakage rate
配水系统water distribution system
环状管网grid system
支状管网branching system
下水管道sanitary sewer
污水节流管intercepting sewer
污水节流系统intercepting sewer system
污水节流井sewage intercepting cell
支管collection sewer collector sewer
生活污水sanitary sewage
domestic sewage
domestic wastewater
工业污水industrial wastewater
工业污水/液/物industrial wastes
农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes
雨水rainwater stormwater
水位waterlevel
海拔、标高elevation
坡度grade
倾斜度slope
明渠Open channel
开挖excavation
深度excavation depth
水力分析hydraulic analysis
水头pressure head
总水头total head
Unit 3 水头损失Head loss
速度头动压头Velocity head
静压Static head
摩擦水头Friction head
水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow
水塔Water castle
贮水箱Cistern
泵站Pump station
给水泵站Water pump station
污水泵站Sewage station
提升泵站Lift pumping plant
增压泵Booster pump
离心泵Centrifugal pump
潜水泵Submer sible pump
潜水艇Submerine
深井泵Well pump
虹吸虹吸管Siphon
人孔Manhole
法兰Flange
阀门Valve
闸阀Gate valve
泵送系统Pumping system
流量Flow rate
流速Fluid velocity 层流Laminar flow
滞流粘性流viscous flow
过渡流Transitional flow
湍流Turbulent flow
紊流Turbulence flow
涡流Eddying flow
雷诺数Teynolds number
水质Water guality
水源Water sources
供水水源Water supples
原水Raw water
未处理水Untreated water
出水Finished water
原水水质Raw-water quality
水质标准Water quality standards
水质要求Water quality requirements
饮用水Drink water\potable water
自来水Tap water
纯水Pure water
饮用水标准Drinking water standards
饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards
最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levels
maxmum allowable levels
最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels
主要污染物Primary contaminants
有机化合物Organic chemicals
合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals
挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals
无机化合物Inorganic chemical
微生物Micro organisms\microbes
微生物污染Microbial contaminants
病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms
病原体Pathogenic
病毒Pathogenic bacterin
细菌Bacteria
大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria
病毒Viruses
藻类Algae
浊度Turbidity
放射性Radionuclide
感官性状Esthetic qualities
审美Esthetic
味Taste
嗅Odo
色Colour
变色Discolouration
变色Discolor
水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality
水的物理性质Physical quality of water
浊度值Turbidity values
浊度单位Turdidity unit
浑浊单位Turdid
嗅阈值Threshold odor number
化学性质Chemical quality
水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality
溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)
溶解氧浓度Do level
溶解氧平衡Do balance
氧损Oxygen depletion
有机污染物Organic pollutant
生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
总氮Total nitrogen (TN)
总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)
总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)
溶解Dissolved (DS)
总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)
Unit 4
溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese
硬度Hardness
碱度Alkalinity
盐度Salinity
有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials
氰化物Cyanides
急性毒性Acute toxity
慢性毒性Chronic toxity
基因毒性Genetic toxicity
基因Gene
难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals
三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes
卤素Halogen
甲基Methyl
氯仿Trichloromethane
三氯甲烷Chloroform
杀虫剂农药Pesticide
害虫Pest
杀虫剂Insecticide
除草剂Herbicide
杀菌剂Germicide
细菌Germ
防腐剂Preservative 保证Preserve
清洗剂Cleaning agent
洗涤剂Detergent
发泡剂Foaming agent
泡沫Foam
化肥Fertilizer
肥沃的Fertile
富营养化Eutrophication
营养的Trophic
营养水平Trophic level
生态位Niche
Unit 5
原污水Raw sewage
原废水Raw wastes
处理水Treated wastes
回用水Redaimed water
水处理过程Water processing
收集Collect
处置Dispose
处理方法Treatment method
处理费用Treatment costs
处理单元Treatment process
运行模式Operational mode
间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach
均匀均化Equalization
均匀Equalize
调蓄水池Equalization storage
调节池Equalization tank
蓄水池Storage tank
降解Degrade
分解Decompose
分离Separate
隔离Separation
物理法Physical process
物理处理Physical treatment
物理处理过程Physical treatment process
一级处理Primary treatment
初步处理Preliminary treatment
格栅筛滤Screening
格栅Screen
格栅Bar screen
栅条Bars
钢栅条Steel bars
渣耙Cleaning rakes
圆形破碎机Circular grinder
破碎Grind
除砂Degritting
砂Grit
沙Sand
除砂Grit removal
沉砂池Grit chamber
沉淀Settling
沉淀池Settling tank
澄清池Clarifier
初澄清池Primary clarifier
初沉池Primary settling tank
一级出水Primary effluent
二级处理Secondary treatment
二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process
生物处理Biological treatment
二澄清池Secondary clarifier
二沉池Secondary settling tank
最终澄清池Final clarifier
最终沉淀池Final settling tank
二级出水Secondary effluent
三级处理Tertiary treatment
深度处理Advanced treatment
废水消毒Waste disinfection
出流出水Effluent flow
允许浓度Allowable levels
优异出水High-quality polished effluent
废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant
污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant
二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant
城市污水处理
Municipal wastewater treatment
市政工程Municipal engineering
土木工程Civil engineering
城市污水处理厂
Municipal wastewater treatment plant 污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity
电容Capacitance
污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility
处理池Treatment tank
负荷Load
负荷Loadings
水力负荷Hydrautic loading
污染负荷Pollutant load
有机负荷Organic load
无机负荷Inorganic load
不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic
周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading 第五部分：物化处理
1．混凝n. coagulation
混凝过程coagulation process
化学混凝chemical coagulation
凝聚n. aggregation
絮凝n. flocculation
v. flocculate
异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation
同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation
混凝剂n. coagulant
混凝剂投量coagulant dosage
烧杯实验jar test
最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage
助凝剂coagulant aid
助凝剂flocculation aid
聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes
快速混合flash-mix ,
rapid-mix
快速混合器flash mixer ,
rapid mixer
混合池mixer tank
快速混合池flash-mix tank
絮凝器n. flocculator
絮凝池flocculation tank
固体接触池solids-contact tank
澄清n. clarification
v. clarify
澄清池n. clarifier
高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier
澄清水clarifying water
2．沉淀n. sedimentation
沉降n. sedimentation
自由沉降plain settling
拥挤沉降hindered settling
重力沉降gravity settling
沉淀池settling tank
沉淀池，沉降池sedimentation tank
矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank
圆形沉淀池circular settling tank
管式沉淀池tube settler
斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler
板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler
板式沉淀池plate separator
气浮n. floatation
泡沫分离foam separation
溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation
气浮池floatation tank
表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device
撇去v. skim
浮渣n. scum
浮渣槽scum trough
刮泥机sludge scraper
排泥sludge drawoff
sludge withdrawal
预沉淀n. presedimentation
预沉淀池presedimentation basin
3．过滤n. filtration
滤池n. filter
慢滤池slow filter
快滤池rapid filter
高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter
慢砂滤池slow sand filter
快砂滤池rapid sand filter
重力滤池gravity filter
压力滤池pressure filter
过滤介质，滤料filter medium
石英砂silica sand
无烟煤n. anthracite
硅藻土diatomaceous earth 煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds
多层滤料multilayered media
混合滤料mixed media
双层滤料滤池dual media filter 双层滤池two-layer filter
粗滤料coarse media
细滤料fine media
助滤剂filter aid
滤后水，滤出水filtered water
滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent 滤前水，滤池进水filter influent 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough
过滤周期filter cycle
清洗周期cleaning cycle
刮砂法scraping method
表面刮砂surface scraping
反冲洗backwashing
水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash
水力分级hydraulic grading 4．消毒n. disinfection
v. disinfect
消毒剂n. disinfectant
disinfection agent
杀菌剂n. germicide
消毒过程disinfection process
消毒副产物disinfection by-products
氯化n. chlorination
v. chlorinate
氯化水chlorinated water
预氯化n. prechlorination
氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination
化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants
液氯liquid chlorine ,
liquefied chlorine
氯胺n. chloramines
次氯酸盐hypochlorites
次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite
二氧化氯chlorine dioxide
臭氧n. ozone
臭氧化，臭氧消毒n. ozonation
臭氧化v. ozonate
紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)
伽马射线gamma radiation
灭活n. inactivation
v. inactivate
接触时间contact time
需氯量chlorine demand
加氯量，投氯量chlorine dosage ,
applied chlorine
自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,
free available chlorine
化合氯combined chlorine
剩余保护residual protection
余氯residual chlorine
余氯量chlorine residual
自由余氯free residual chlorine
自由氯余量free chlorine residual
化合余氯combined residual chlorine
化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals
折点氯化（法）breakpoint chlorination
折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve
折点加氯量breakpoint dosage
氯折点chlorine breakpoint
压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder
臭氧发生器ozone generator
需臭氧量ozone demand
剩余臭氧量ozone residual
剩余臭氧residual ozone
致病微生物，病源微生物
pathogenic microorganisms
病原体n. pathogens
致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses
细菌n. bacteria
大肠杆菌coliform bacteria
阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts
孢子，芽孢n. spores
病毒n. viruses
藻类n. algae
原生动物n. protozoa
5．氧化n. oxidation
还原n. reduction
氧化剂n. oxidant
强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent
高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process 高级氧化技术(AOT)
advanced oxidation technology
6．吸附n. adsorption
活性炭(AC) activated carbon
粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon
粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon
颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon
活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber
再生n. regeneration
v. regenerate
吸附剂n. adsorbent
吸附质n. adsorbate
吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column
吸附床adsorption bed
空床接触时间empty bed contact time
吸附带mass transfer zone
快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test
生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon
7．离子交换n. ion exchange
离子交换树脂ion exchange resin
离子交换器ion exchanger
离子交换柱ion exchange column
硬度n. hardness
除硬hardness removal
软化n. softening
v. soften
化学软化chemical softening
沉淀软化precipitation softening
除盐，脱盐n. desaltination
v. desalt
去矿化n. demineralization
v. demineralize
离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process
离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process
复床combined bed
混合床mixed bed
8．膜分离membrane separation
微滤n. microfiltration
超滤n. hyperfiltration
纳滤n. nanofiltration
反渗透reverse osmosis
渗透n. osmosis
半透膜semipermeable membrane
电渗析n. electrodialysis
渗析n. dialysis
9．其它处理方法
中和n. neutralization
v. neutralize
酸性废水acidic wastes
化学沉淀chemical precipitation
沉淀软化precipitation softening
电解n. electrolysis
电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization
吹脱、汽提法n. stripping
冷却n. cooling
冷却水cooling water
冷却塔cooling tower
第六部分生物处理
生物反应器n. bioreactor
微生物n.microorganisms
n.microbes
微生物种群microbial population
混合群落mixed communities
细菌n. bacteria
原生动物n. protozoa
真菌n. fungi
轮虫n. rotifers
生长n. growth
繁殖n. reproduction
世代时间generation time
生长速率growth rates
环境因子environmental factors
生态因子ecological factors
微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics
1.迟滞期lag phase
2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase
3.减速生长期decling growth phase
稳定期stationary phase
4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage
内源生长期endogenous growth phase
内源呼吸endogenous respiration
底物，基质n. substrate
底物（基质）利用substrate utilization
生物量n. biomass
生物反应biological reaction
生物氧化biological oxidation
生物降解n. biodegradation
生物降解性n. biodegradability
生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a. biodegradable
不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable
生物处理biological treatment
废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment
废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system
污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system
生物处理法biological treatment process
生物处理装置biological treatment unit
串联in series
悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes 生物固体biological solids
活性污泥activated sludge
附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes 附着的微生物attached microbes
微生物附着生长attached microbial growth
生物膜n. biofilm
代谢n. metabolism
v. metabolize
稳定，稳定化n. stabilization
v. stabilize
生物代谢biological metabolism
微生物代谢microbial metabolism
好氧的 a. aerobic
好氧菌aerobic bacteria
好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms
好氧氧化aerobic oxidation
厌氧的 a. anaerobic
厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria
厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation
兼性的 a. facultative
兼性菌facultative bacteria
好氧环境aerobic environment
厌氧环境anaerobic environment
营养物n. nutrients
无机营养物inorganic nutrients
营养物去除nutrient removal
营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal
脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal
生物硝化biological nitrification
硝化菌nitrifying bacteria
生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification
生物除磷biological phosphorus removal
1．活性污泥法activated sludge process
微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes
细菌n. bacteria
生物絮体biological floc
微生物絮体microbial floc
活性污泥activated sludge
絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge
回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge
回流污泥returned sludge
回流污泥recycled sludge
剩余污泥excess sludge
废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge
废污泥waste sludge
曝气池aeration tank
曝气池aeration basin
曝气池aeration chamber
完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin
活性污泥池activated sludge tank
曝气n. aeration
混合n. mixing
曝气系统aeration system
曝气器n. aerator
压缩空气compressed air
空气压缩机，空压机air compressor
鼓风机，风机n. blower
循环/切换n. cycling/switchover
扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser
空气扩散装置，空气扩散器air diffuser
鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser
微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser
扩散板plate diffuser
扩散管tube diffuser
扩散罩dome diffuser
微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration
微气泡fine-bubble
大气泡coarse-bubble
静态混合器static mixer
机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems
机械曝气mechanical aeration
表面曝气surface aeration
表面曝气器surface aerator
需氧量oxygen demand
供气量air supply
氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency
可沉降固体settleable solids
挥发性固体volatile solids
非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids
挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids
混合液mixed liquor
混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids
混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspended solids
污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity
污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index
比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate
污泥龄sludge age
曝气池容积aeration tank volume
曝气时间aeration period
曝气时间aeration time
水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time
水力负荷hydraulic loading
BOD负荷BOD loading
普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process 标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process
传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant
阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process
分段v. step
进水负荷influent load
分段进水step loading
渐减v. taper
渐减曝气tapered aeration
接触稳定活性污泥法
contact stabilization activated sludge process
再曝气n. reaeration
曝气—沉淀—再曝气
aeration-sedimentation-reaeration
完全好氧处理法
complete aerobic treatment process
高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法
high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process
延时曝气活性污泥法
extended aeration activated sludge process
延时曝气法extended aeration process
延时曝气extended aeration
氧化沟oxidation ditch
水平转刷horizontal rotor
转刷曝气rotor aeration
笼型转刷caged rotor
吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)
adsorption-biodegradation process
序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor
(SBR) process、
序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor
(SBR) process
SBR法SBR process
序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor
初沉primary clarification
曝气n. aeration
二沉secondary clarification
初沉池primary clarifier
二沉池secondary clarifier
泵送系统pumping system
活性污泥法activated sludge process
变体n. variant
SBR运行周期SBR cycle
处理周期process cycle
进水阶段fill phase
进水阀influent valve
反应阶段react phase
沉淀阶段settle phase
清水，上清液clear water
上清液n. supernatant
排水阶段draw phase
滗水阶段decant phase
滗水装置decant mechanism
闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase
营养物去除nutrient removal
营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal
碳源carbon source
硝化n. nitrification
v. nitrify
硝化菌nitrifying bacteria
反硝化n. denitrification
v. denitrify
脱氮n. denitrification
生物反硝化，生物脱氮
biological denitrification
缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)
anoxic-oxic process
厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法) anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process
A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺
anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process
脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal
厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)
anaerobic ammonium oxidation
生物除磷biological phosphorus removal
膜生物反应器(MBR)
membrane biological reactor
2．生物膜法
生物膜n. biofilm
生物膜反应器biofilm reactor
生物滤池n. biofilter
生物过滤n. biofiltration
旋转布水器rotary sprinkler
填料n. packings
塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings
滴滤池trickling filter
普通生物滤池trickling filter
高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter
塔式生物滤池tower biofilter
曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter
生物转盘法biodisc process
生物转盘rotating biological contactor
生物转盘n. biodisc
塑料盘片plastic discs
轻质盘片lightweight discs
水平轴horizontal shaft
生物粘液biological slime
粘液层slime layer
生物流化床biological fluidized bed
biological fluidised bed
生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor
移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)
moving-bed biofilm reactor
3．厌氧生物处理
发酵n. fermentation
v. fermentate
产酸细菌n. acidogens
产甲烷细菌n. methanogens
产酸阶段acidogenic phase
产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase
水解n. hydrolysis
v. hydrolysis
产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation
产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis
产甲烷methanogenesis
产酸菌acid formers
产甲烷菌methane formers ,
methane-forming bacteria
有机酸organic acids
挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids
硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction
硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria
上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)
upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
上升流速upflow velocity
厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)
anaerobic baffled reactor
两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic
biotreatment
两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment
产酸相acidogenic phase
产甲烷相methanogenic phase
消化n. digestion
v. digest
消化池n. digestor
厌氧消化anaerobic digestion
污泥消化sludge digestion
厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor
厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process
厌氧膨胀床反应器
anaerobic expanded-bed reactor
厌氧流化床反应器
anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor
厌氧生物转盘
anaerobic rotating biological contactor 4．自然生物处理系统
自然净化系统natural purification system
稳定塘stabilization ponds
stabilization lagoons
氧化塘oxidation ponds
土地处理系统land treatment systems
废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater
净化过程purification process
自然净化natural purification
污水塘sewage lagoon
稳定塘stabilization ponds
stabilization lagoons
氧化塘oxidation ponds
好氧塘aerobic pond
兼性塘facultative pond
好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction
厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition
厌氧分解decompose anaerobically
好氧稳定aerobic stabilization
细菌n. bacteria
藻类n. algae
微型植物microscopic plants
出流，出水effluent flow
光合作用n. photosynthesis
厌氧塘anaerobic pond
曝气塘aerated pond
修饰塘polishing pond
熟化塘maturation lagoon
深度处理塘advanced treatment pond
三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond
土地处理工艺（过程）land treatment processes
关键因素critical factors
土壤类型soil type
气候n. climate
土地处理系统land treatment systems
慢速土地处理系统
slow rate land treatment system
低负荷土地处理系统
low-rate land treatment system
三级处理水平tertiary treatment level
灌溉n. irrigation
v. irrigate
土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质
natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil
投配的废水applied wastewater
垄—沟表面布水
ridge-and-furrow surface spreading
喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems
快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land
treatment system
渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land
treatment
快速渗滤rapid infiltration
快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method
过滤作用filtering action
吸附作用adsorption action
地表漫流土地处理系统
overland flow land treatment system
地表漫流overland flow
径流集水沟runoff collection ditch
物理、化学和生物过程
physical , chemical , and biological processes
湿地n. wetland
天然湿地natural wetland
人工湿地constructed wetland
man-made wetland
第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用
污泥n. sludge
生活污水污泥sewage sludge
污泥体积，污泥量sludge volume
原污泥，生污泥raw sludge
新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge
消化污泥，熟污泥digested sludge
混合污泥mixed sludge
污泥处理sludge treatment
污泥处置sludge disposal
最终处置ultimate disposal
填埋n. landfill
污泥减量sludge volume reduction
污泥稳定化sludge stabilization
（污泥）浓缩n. thickening
污泥浓缩sludge thickening
稳定，稳定化n. stabilization
v. stabilize
稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge
调理（调节）n. conditioning
v. condition
脱水n. dewatering
v. dewater
干化n. drying
污泥干化场sludge drying bed
污泥干燥heat drying
干燥器n. dryer
污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration
焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator
污泥浓缩sludge thickening
物理过程physical process
含水过多的污泥watery sludge
稀污泥thin sludge
处理装置treatment unit
浓缩池n. thickener
重力浓缩gravity thickening
重力浓缩池gravity thickener
圆形污水沉淀池
circular sewage sedimentation tank 刮泥机sludge scraper
搅拌作用stirring action
底流n. underflow
浓缩的底流thickened underflow
浓缩污泥thickened sludge
出水n. effluent
上清液n. supernatant
溢流v. overflow
堰n. weir
气浮浓缩floatation thickening
溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation
气浮池floatation tank
入流污泥influent sludge
污泥絮体sludge flocs
撇去v. skim
漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer
污泥消化sludge digestion
消化池n. digester
消化池装置digester unit
消化n. digestion
v. digest
有机固体organic solids
生化分解biochemical decomposition
好氧消化aerobic digestion
好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion
好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process
活性污泥池activated sludge tank
预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统
prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment
systems
预制的接触稳定或
prefabricated contact stabilization or
延时曝气处理系统
extended aeration treatment systems
BOD负荷BOD loading
细胞物质cellular mass
内源衰亡endogenous decay
厌氧消化anaerobic digestion
厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion
有盖的圆形池covered circular tank
消化过程digestion process
厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process
生化反应biochemical reactions
有机酸organic acids
挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids
甲烷气methane gas
末端产物end product
指示剂n. indicator
污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas
污泥沉淀sludge settling
污泥储存sludge storage
消化污泥digested sludge
充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge
消化池上清液digester supernatant
中温消化mesophilic digestion
高温消化thermophilic degestion
污泥脱水sludge dewatering
混合堆肥co-composting
污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs
第八部分：废水回用
地表水资源surface water resource
地下水资源groundwater resource
水短缺water scarcity
回用n. , v. reuse
废水回用wastewater reuse
直接回用direct reuse
直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse
间接回用indirect reuse
间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse 出水处理effluent treatment
回用水reclaimed water
排放n. , v. discharge
保留n. retention
循环n. recycling
v. recycle
部分处理n. partial treatment
最终用途end use
城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse 灌溉n. irrigation
景观灌溉landscape irrigation
地下水回灌groundwater recharge
市政回用municipal reuse
直接市政回用direct municipal reuse
深度处理，高级处理advanced treatment 分质供水系统dual-distribution system
间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse
供水系统，给水系统water supply system 取水口n. intake
天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity 人工回灌artificial recharge
深井注射deep-well injection
浅表布水shallow surface spreading
渗透n. percolation
工业回用industrial reuse
工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters
工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water 冷却塔水cooling tower water
选择性处理optional treatment
水费water costs
回用的城市污水
reclaimed municipal wastewater
工业过程industrial processes
冷却水cooling water
锅炉给水boiler feedwater
灌溉回用irrigation reuse
废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater
低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation
废水排放wastewater discharge
雨水回用storm water reuse
可回用水reusable water
PartⅨ:第九部分：
投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs
建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs
运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs
能耗成本energy costs
运行维护operation and maintenance
运行控制operational control
控制系统control system
仪表/控制系统
instrumentation/control system
自动控制系统，自控系统
automatic control system
给排水专业英语(上)
1】 Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道) a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道，导水管 filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝 stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的 These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量 The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关，并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。 2】 The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统 communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰；阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防 The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。 The pressure boosters serve to raise pressure in the house system when the guaranteed pressure in the supply main is lower than required to feed water to high-level and remote consumers.当市政给水管提供的压力低于较高或较远处用户需要的压力时，可在室内给水系统中设增压装置来提高压力。 A sanitary drainage system(Fixture4) consists essentially of plumbing fixtures 3(which receive and discharge water, liquid , or water-borne wastes) , fixture traps 2 (which maintain a water seal against gases, air , and odours), and drainage piping 1.生活排水系统（图4）的基本组成包括：卫生器具3（用于接收和排出污水、液体或水中携带的废物）、存水弯2（保存一定量的水以防止有害气体、空气和臭味逸出）和排水管系1。 3】 Infiltrate 渗入penetrate渗透hydrology 水文学urban hydrologic cycle 城市水文循环surface runoff 地表径流water distribution systems 给水管网/分配系统configuration形式grid systems环状管网branching systems 枝状管网elevation高度、扬程 leakage rates漏损率booster pumps增压泵pressure reducing valves 减压阀an essential prerequisite 必要条件hydraulic analysis 水力分析the continuity equation 连续性方程grid 格子the energy equation能量方程/伯努利方程head loss水头损失the dimensionless number无量纲数eliminate消去external discharges外部流量 a correction factor 校正因子/流量topography地形学The summation “q” sub “i” is zero.
给排水专业英语词汇(上)
Trench n.沟，渠 Cistern n.蓄水池，储水器Drainage n.排水，排水设备，排水的水 Foul n.污浊的 Siphon n.虹吸（管）；用虹吸管输送Settle n.澄清，（使）沉淀Hydraulic a.水力学的 Distillation n.蒸馏（法） Still n.蒸馏器 Filtration n.过滤 Clarification n.澄清，净化Coagulation n.絮凝，混凝 Sanitation n.（环境）卫生Sedimentation n.沉淀，沉积 Grate v.装格栅于 Basin n.水池，水槽 Catch basin 集水池，沉水池Lagoon n.污水池 Patent vt，n.为……取得专利，专利，专利品 Anticipate vt.促进 Turbidity n.浑浊性，浑浊度Coagulant n.混凝剂，凝结剂Modification n.改变，改进，改良Toxic a.有毒的，中毒的Pathogenic a.致病的，病原的Microorganism n.微生物Congregate v.聚集 Contaminate v.污染，弄脏Precipitate v.降水，沉降Precipitation n.沉降物（如雨，雪等）Contaminant n.污染物质Hydrological a.水文学的 Nutrient n.养分，养料 Medium n.介质，培养基 Microbial a.微生物的，细菌的Algae n.藻类，海藻 Protozoa n.原生动物 Inorganics n.无机物 Seep vi.渗入 Effluent n.污水，废水 Epidemic n.流行病，时疫 Trace n.痕量，微量，微量金属Monitor v.检验（放射性污染物）Bacteriology n.细菌学 Discharge n.排泄（水汽），排泄物Annual a.一年一度的，每年的Typhoid n.伤寒 Cholera n.霍乱 Round n.循环，周期 Eradicate vt.根除，杜绝 Lay down 制定，提出Superimpose vt.添加，附加 Distil v.蒸馏 Distillation n.蒸馏法Electrodialysis n.电渗析 Brackish a.稍咸的 Estuary n.河口，海湾 Osmosis n.渗透性 Estuarine a,河口的，港湾的Barrage n.拦河坝 Sterilize vt.消毒，杀菌 Wholesome a.卫生的，有益于健康的Injurious a.有害的 Conductive a.有助于……的，促进的Be conductive to 对……有益的Constituent n.组成物，构成物 Turbid a.浑浊的，混乱的 Pathogen n.病原体，病菌Sedimentation n.沉积法，沉积作用Flocculate v.絮凝，绒聚Flocculating agent 絮凝剂 Settlting n.沉淀 Settling out 沉淀出来 Coarse a.粗粒的，大的 Floc n.絮体，絮凝物体 Filtration n.过滤，澄清 Chlorinate vt.用氯消毒 Sanitary properties 卫生系数（性能，特点等） Colloidal a.胶体（状，质）的Suspension n.悬浮（液），悬浮（体）Portability a.可饮用 Detract v.降低，减损 Rayon n.人造丝 Cellulose n.纤维素 Starch n.淀粉
给排水环工 专业英语(华南理工大学)课文翻译 下
Unit 12 水的净化 水分子是没有记忆的，所以去讨论你所喝的水是被污染了并净化了多少次是可笑的（市没有意义的），好像水分子逐渐厌烦了（逐渐被耗尽了）。最重要的是你喝的水纯度如何。 对水的净化方法已发展到了很详细并且尖端的技术。然而通常采用的净化水的方法对水污染的性质的通常的理解应该是容易理解的，并在某些情况下是显而易见的。 水中的杂质可分为悬浮的，胶体态的或溶解态的。由于悬浮的颗粒大足以被沉淀或被过滤掉。胶体态的或溶解态的杂质较难以去除掉。去除他们的一个可能的方法是以某种方法把这些微小的颗粒物结合成比较大的颗粒然后采用去除悬浮物的方法来处理。另一种可能的方法是把他们转变为气态然后是他们从水中散发到大气中，无论采用哪一种方法，有一点必须记住的是提升水或用泵将水输送通过滤床都需要能量。 根据这些原则，来考虑用于净化城市污水的步骤。第一步是废水的收集系统。从家庭、医院、学校排放的水中的污染物包含食物残渣、人类排泄物、纸张、肥皂、洗涤剂、污垢、织物和其他混杂的残骸，当然还有微生物。这些混合物被称为厕所污水或生活污水。这里Sanitary 这个形容词比较不恰当，因为它几乎没有描述污水的情况，他只笼统地指人产生的污染物被污水管所排走）。这些污水，有时与污水管网中从商业建筑来的污染物、工业污染物及雨水污染物合流。有些体系把污水与雨水分流而有些是合流。合流制的管道便宜，并在旱季时是合理的，但在暴雨期时的总流量容易超过处理厂的容量，结果应允许有些水溢流而直接进入受体河流中。 初级处理 当污水进入处理厂时，首先通过一系列的格栅以去除其中大的物体如老鼠或葡萄柚，然后通过一个磨碎装置以便把剩余的物体的大小减小至足够小以至在后续的工艺中可以有效的处理。下一步是一系列的沉淀室来去除重的粗沙例如雨水冲刷路面带入的沙粒，然后其他悬浮的固体（包括有机营养物）缓慢的沉淀而得到去除，这个过程需耗时大约一小时。从开始到这个过程的整个工艺称为处级处理，这一级处理的费用相对低，但是没有完成多少任务。 二级处理 接下来的一系列步骤是企图通过某些强化的生物作用来减少大部分溶解态或细小的悬浮有机物质。分解有机物需要氧气和生物体及有利于提供营养的环境。可达到上述目的的一个装置是滴滤池。在此装置中，石头滤床上布有回转布水器，以便把污水（均匀的）连续的分布。当污水以水滴流过石头滤料时，在有氧的情况下向大量的没有驯化过得生物体提供了营养。 另一种方法是活性污泥法。在这里，污水在经过初级处理后被泵到一个曝气池中，然后与空气及含有细菌的污泥混合几个小时。在活性污泥法中进行的生物反应与滴滤池中的相似。污泥中的细菌代谢有机物； 而作为二级消费者的原生动物以细菌为食。经二级处理过的水流入沉淀池，在那里进行充满细菌的污泥沉淀下来然后回流到反应器中。并且为了操持稳定必须去除掉一部分污泥。与滴滤池相比活性污泥法所需的土地面积小，并且由于活性污泥法暴露于空气的面积小结果他发出的臭味也比滴滤池的少。 从生物处理过的出水仍然含有细菌，不宜于排放入地表水，更不用说排放入水源地。既然微生物已经完成了任务，现在可以把他们杀死了。所以最后的步骤是进行消毒，通常采用氯来处理。在处理水最后排放前把氯气通入15分钟，这样可以杀死99%的有害的细菌。 三级处理或高级处理 尽管污水经过初级处理和二级处理后已经在很大程度上得到了净化，但对有些复杂的水污染来说仍然不够。第一在生活污水中的许多污染物没有被去除掉，并且一些硝酸盐和磷酸盐等无机离子仍然留在处理过的水中，正如我们知道的，这些污染物作为植物营养物，是造成富营养化的因素。 1.絮凝沉淀 在讨论生物处理前提到过把细小的颗粒物转变为大的颗粒有利于他们的快速沉淀。对无机污染物来说也是如此。许多无机胶体颗粒是亲水性的，他们比较易于吸附于水分子；在他们吸附于水分子过程中又会席卷许多其他胶体颗粒从而不容易在合理（较短的）时间内沉淀下去。
蓝梅主编 给排水科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译中文版
第四单元给水系统 一般来说，供水系统可划分为四个主要组成部分:（1）水源和取水工程（2）水处理和存储（3）输水干管和配水管网。常见的未处理的水或者说是原水的来源是像河流、湖泊、泉水、人造水库之类的地表水源以及像岩洞和水井之类的地下水源。修建取水构筑物和泵站是为了从这些水源中取水。原水通过输水干管输送到自来水厂进行处理并且处理后的出水储存到清水池。处理的程度取决于原水的水质和出水水质要求。有时候，地下水的水质是如此的好以至于在供给给用户之前只需消毒即可。由于自来水厂一般是根据平均日需求流量设计的，所以，清水池为水需求日变化量提供了一个缓冲区。 水通过输水干管长距离输送。如果输水干管中的水流是通过泵所产生的压力水头维持的，那么我们称这个干管为增压管。另外，如果输水干管中的水流是靠由于高差产生的可获得的重力势能维持的，那么我们称这个干管为重力管。在输水干管中没有中间取水。与输水干管类似，在配水管网中水流的维持要么靠泵增压，要么靠重力势能。一般来说，在平坦地区，大的配水管网中的水压是靠泵提供的，然而，在不平坦的地区，配水管网中的压力水头是靠重力势能维持的。 一个配水管网通过引入管连接配水给用户。这样的配水管网可能有不同的形状，并且这些形状取决于这个地区的布局。一般地，配水管网有环状或枝状的管道结构，但是，根据当地城市道路和街区总体布局计划，有时候环状和枝状结构合用。城市配水管网大多上是环状形式，然而，乡村地区的管网是枝状形式。由于供水服务可靠性要求高，环状管网优于枝状管网。 配水管网的成本取决于对管网的几何形状合适的选择。城市计划采用的街道布局的选择对提供一个最小成本的供水系统来说是重要的。环状管网最常见的两个供水结构是方格状、环状和辐射状；然而，我们不可能找到一个最佳的几何形状而使得成本最低。 一般地，城镇供水系统是单入口环状管系统。如上所说，环状系统有一些通过系统相互连接的管道使得通过这些连接接的管道，可以供水到同一个需水点。与枝状系统不同，在环状系统中，由于需水量在空间和时间上的变化，管道中的水流方向并非不变。 环状管网可为系统提供余量，提高系统应对局部变化的能力，并且保证管道故障时为用户供水。从水质方面来说，环状形状可减少水龄，因此被推广。管道的尺寸和配水系统的设计对减少水龄来说是重要的因素。由于多方向水流模式和系统中流动模式随时间的变化，水不会停留在一个地方，这样减少了水龄。环状配水系统的优缺点如表4.1所述。 优点:1.Minimize loss of services.as main breaks can be isolated due to multidirectional flow to demand points.2.Reliability for fire protection is higher due to redundancy in the system.3.Likely to meet increase in water demand -higher capacity and lower velocities.4.Better residual chlorine due to in line mixing and fewer dead ends. 5.Reduced water age. 在文献中曾记载过，只考虑最低成本设计的环状管网系统会转化成树状似的结构，这一做法导致在最终的设计中失去最初的几何形状。环状保证了系统的可靠性。因此，一个只考虑最低成本为依据的设计打败了在环状管网中所提供的基本功能。有文献记载设计环状管网系统的方法。尽管这个方法也是仅以考虑最低成本为基础，它通过对管网中所有管道最优化规划从而保持了管网的环状结构。
建筑工程及给排水专业中英文对照翻译
Laminar and Turbulent Flow Observation shows that two entirely different types of fluid flow exist. This was demon- strated by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 through an experiment in which water was discharged from a tank through a glass tube. The rate of flow could be controlled by a valve at the outlet, and a fine filament of dye injected at the entrance to the tube. At low velocities, it was found that the dye filament remained intact throughout the length of the tube, showing that the particles of water moved in parallel lines. This type of flow is known as laminar, viscous or streamline, the particles of fluid moving in an orderly manner and retaining the same relative positions in successive cross- sections. As the velocity in the tube was increased by opening the outlet valve, a point was eventually reached at which the dye filament at first began to oscillate and then broke up so that the colour was diffused over the whole cross-section, showing that the particles of fluid no longer moved in an orderly manner but occupied different relative position in successive cross-sections. This type of flow is known as turbulent and is characterized by continuous small fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid particles, which are accompanied by corresponding small fluctuations of pressure. When the motion of a fluid particle in a stream is disturbed, its inertia
给排水专业英语词汇汇总
给排水专业英语词汇汇总Distribution system 分配系统 Grid system 环状管网 ring system 环状管网 loop feeder 环状管网 branching system 枝状管网 combination system 联合管网combined system Topography 地形学，地形，地貌，地势 dead end 死水点 feeder 给水管，进料管 elevation 地面标高 valve 阀门，真空管 water supply 给水，自来水，供水系统 service reservoir 配水池（调节水池） pump 泵 storage element （储水）构筑物 70 m head 70米水煮 leakage rate 泄漏量（泄漏率） hydraulic 水力的，水压的 hydraulic analysis 水力分析 field measurement 现场测量（实测） field date 实测数据 key point 管网节点 pipe junctions 管网节点 node (key point, junction) 节点 sign convention 符号规约 positive clockwise 取顺时针方向为正 head loss 水头损失 iterative solution 迭代解 loop method 环路法 flow, runoff, discharge 流量 sanitary 环境卫生的（尤指清除废物） Sewer 下水道，污水管 Connection 连接管，排出管 Cast-iron pipe 铸铁管 PVC 聚氯乙烯 Grade line 坡度线 slope 倾斜度，坡度 collecting sewer 污水支管 Interceptor 截流污水管(intercepting sewer) domestic 民用的，生活的 manhole 人孔，检查井 drainage 排污系统，排水装置，下水道 sewerage system 污水工程系统
给排水专业英语汇总88209
UNIT 1 给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewetage engineering 市政工程civil engineering 市政工程师civil engineer 环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology 水力学hydranlies 水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed 水体waterbody 地表水surface water 新鲜水freshwater 地下水groundwater 含水层aquifer 天然含水层natural aquifer 地下含水层underground aquifer 水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration 降水precipitation 渗入precolation 蒸发evaporation 蒸腾transpiration 城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source 水资源water resource 取水water withdrawal 水处理water treatment 配水water distribution 用水water use 污水wastewater 废水abwasser 废水收集wastewater collection 废水处理wastewater disposal 受纳水体receiving waters 污染pollution pollute 污染物pollntant 玷污、污染contamination 致污物contaminant 未污染uncontaminated 水污染water pollution 水污染控制water pollution control 水污染防治water pollution prevention 污水回用wastewater reuse UNIT 2 水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource 管网Pipe Network 供水系统water supply system 市政配水系统municipal distribution system 建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system 小区micro district 小社区small community 冷水供水系统cold water supply system 热水供水系统hot water supply system 消防系统fire protection system 喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system 自动水幕系统automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统 semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant 排水系统drainage system 生活排水系统sanitary system 工业排水系统industrial system 雨水排水系统stormwater system 合流制combined sewers 分流制separate sewers 建筑排水系统building drainage system 卫生洁具plumbing fixtures 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures 输水系统water transmission system 漏水率leakage rate 配水系统water distribution system 环状管网grid system 支状管网branching system 下水管道sanitary sewer 污水节流管intercepting sewer 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell 支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工业污水industrial wastewater 工业污水/液/物industrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater 水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevation 坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open channel
给排水专业英语汇总.docx
. UNIT1污水wastewater 给水工程water supply engineering废水abwasser 排水工程sewetage engineering废水收集wastewater collection 市政工程civil engineering废水处理wastewater disposal 市政工程师civil engineer受纳水体receiving waters 环境工程environmental engineering污染pollutionpollute 水文学hydrology污染物pollntant 水力学hydranlies玷污、污染contamination 水环境natural aquatic environment致污物contaminant 流域watershed未污染uncontaminated 水体waterbody水污染water pollution 地表水surface water水污染控制water pollution control 新鲜水freshwater水污染防治water pollution prevention 地下水groundwater污水回用wastewater reuse 含水层aquifer UNIT2 天然含水层natural aquifer水短缺water scarcity 地下含水层underground aquifer地表水资源surface water resource 水文循环natural hydrologic cycle管网Pipe Network 渗滤infiltration供水系统water supply system 降水precipitation市政配水系统municipal distribution system 渗入precolation建筑给水系统 house water supply system 蒸发evaporation分区供水系统dual distribution system 蒸腾transpiration小区micro district 城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle小社区small community 水源water source冷水供水系统cold water supply system 水资源water resource热水供水系统hot water supply system 取水water withdrawal消防系统fire protection system 水处理water treatment喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system 配水water distribution自动水幕系统automatic drencher system 用水water use半自动水幕系统 semi automatic drencher system 消火栓hydrant 排水系统drainage system 生活排水系统sanitary system 工业排水系统industrial system 雨水排水系统stormwater system 合流制combined sewers 分流制separate sewers 建筑排水系统building drainage system 卫生洁具plumbing fixtures 卫浴设备bathroom fixtures 输水系统water transmission system 漏水率leakage rate 配水系统water distribution system 环状管网grid system 支状管网branching system 下水管道sanitary sewer 污水节流管intercepting sewer 污水节流系统intercepting sewer system 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell 支管collection sewer collector sewer 生活污水sanitary sewage domestic sewage domestic wastewater 工业污水industrial wastewater 工业污水 / 液 / 物 industrial wastes 农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rainwater stormwater 水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevation
(建议下载)最全给水排水专业英语单词表
abrade [?'breid]v. 摩擦,磨损 accelerated gravity settling [?k'sel?reitid]回速重力沉降 acidic [?'sidik] adj. 酸的,酸性的 adhesion [?d'hi:??n]n. 附着力，,胶粘 advanced oxidation 高级氧化 advanced treatment 高级处理 aggregation [?gri'gei??n]n. ,聚合,集合体 aging ['eid?i?]n. 衰老，老化，陈化 air diffuser [di'fju:z?]气体扩散器 air stripping ['stripi?]空气吹脱，气提 alkalinity [,?lk?'lin?ti] n.【化学】碱性；碱度 alum ['?l?m]n. 明矾，矾 aluminum sulfate [,?lju'mini?m,,?l?'mini?m]['s?lfeit]硫酸铝 amendment [?'mendm?nt]n. 改善,改良,改正 amnio ['?mni?u]adj. 氨基的 anaerobic [?ne?'r?ubik]adj. 厌氧的 ancillary [?n'sil?ri]adj. 辅助的, 附属的 approach velocity [vi'l?siti]行近流速 approximation [?,pr?ksi'mei??n]n. 接近，近似 Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层 aquatic [?'kw?tik] adj.1. 水的，水上的，水生的；水栖的n. 水生动物,水草 aquifer ['?kw?f?]['?kwif?] n.含水层，地下蓄水层 auxiliary [?:g'zilj?ri]辅助的，补助的 backwashing 反冲洗 百度文库爱是看得见萨科技的沃尔克我去额咳咳，省得麻烦迫ballast ['b?l?st] n. 整流器，压舱物，道碴 ballasted flocculent settling ['b?l?st]加重絮凝沉淀
给排水专业英语Unit14
Unit14 Activated sludge process The activated sludge process is now the most widely used biological process for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Activated sludge process was developed in England in 1914 and was so named because it involved the production of an activated mass of microorganisms capable of aerobic stabilization of the organic content of wastewater. The basic activated sludge process is illustrated by Figure 14.1. The mixture of influent wastewater commonly coming from primary clarifier and returning activated sludge is known as mixed liquor. In activated sludge process, the mixed liquor flows to aeration tank in which the microorganisms responsible for treatment are kept in suspension and aerated. In the aeration tank, contact time is provided for mixing and aerating influent wastewater. Aeration serves at least three important functions (1) mixing the mixed liquor, (2) keeping the activated sludge in suspension, and (3) supplying the oxygen to the biochemical reactions necessary for the stabilization of the wastewater. Once the mixed liquor has received sufficient treatment, excess mixed liquor is discharge into secondary clarifier. The function of the secondary clarifier is to separate the activated sludge solids from the mixed liquor. These solids represent the colloidal and dissolved solids that were originally present in the wastewater. In the aeration unit they were incorporated into the activated sludge floc, which are settleable solids. The separation of these solids, a critical step in the activated sludge process, is accomplished in the secondary or final settling tanks. The excess sludge must be removed before it loses its activity because of the death of the aerobic organisms resulting from lack of oxygen at the bottom of the tank. The most common practice is to waste from the sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge return line. Sometimes waste sludge is removed by withdrawing mixed liquor directly from the aeration tank. The wasted mixed liquor can then be discharged to a thickening tank or to the primary tanks where the sludge settles and mixes with the raw primary sludge. The waste sludge is further thickened by final sedimentation, centrifuging, or flotation thickening and then treated by biological or chemical means. Since the activated sludge process came into common use , a number of modifications of the conventional activated sludge process have been developed to meet specific treatment objectives: (1) Complete-mix activated sludge process: A completely mixed system can allow a more uniform aeration of the wastewater in the aeration tank. This process has been applied to handle a variety of wastewater with great success, especially because the process can sustain shocks and toxic loads. (2) Step-aeration activated sludge process: In this modified system, influent wastewater is introduced at several point along the aeration tank length. This leads to a relatively homogenous load distribution along the length of the aeration tank resulting in a more efficient use of dissolved oxygen. (3) Contact-stabilization activated sludge: The influent contacts with a high concentration of biomass in a small contact tank of short of time (20 to 40 min). In this contact tank, a rapid biosorption of organic compounds is expected followed by the oxidation of the organic. This system would need smaller tankage and produce smaller amounts of biosolids. (4) Tapered aeration process: In the basic activated sludge process, organic influent is one-point loaded to the head of aeration tank, thus the oxygen demand is extremely high at the head of the aeration tank but very low at the exit end.
给水排水专业英语
一、通用术语 给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定： 1、给水工程water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。 2、排水工程sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。 3、给水系统water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 4、排水系统sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。 5、给水水源water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。 6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。 7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面，暴露于大气的水。 8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。 9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水，并含大量中性盐，PH值大于7。 10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。 11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。 12、废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。 13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。 14、用水量water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。 15、污水量wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。 16、用水定额water flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 17、排水定额wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象，在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。 18、水质water quality 在给水排水工程中，水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。 19、渠道channel ,conduit 天然、人工开凿、整治或砌筑的输水通道。 20、泵站pumping house 设置水泵机组、电气设备和管道、闸阀等的房屋。 21、泵站pumping station 泵房及其配套设施的总称。 22、给水处理water treatment 对不符合用不对象水质要求的水。进行水质改善的过程。 23、污水处理sewage treatment ,wastewater treatment 为使污水达到排水某一水体或再次使用的水质要求，对其进行净化的过程。 24、废水处理wastewater disposal 对废水的最终安排。一般将废水排入地表水体、排放土地和再次使用等。 25、格栅bar screen 一种栅条形的隔污设备，用以拦截水中较大尺寸的漂浮物或其他杂物。 26、曝气aeration 水与气体接触，进行溶氧或散除水中溶解性气体和挥发性物质的过程。 27、沉淀sedimentation 利用重力沉降作用去除水中杂物的过程。 28、澄清clarification 通过与高浓度沉渣层的接触而去除水中杂物的过程。 29、过滤filtration 借助粒状材料或多孔介质截除水中质物的过程。 30、离子交换法ion exchange 采用离子交换剂去除水中某些盐类离子的过程。 31、氯化chlorination 在水中投氯或含氯氧化物方法消灭病原体的过程。 32、余氯residual chlorine 水中投氯，经一定时间接触后，在水中余留的游离性氯和结合性氯的总和。 33、游离性余氯free residual chlorine 水中以次氯酸和次氯酸盐形态存在的余氯。 34、结合性余氯combinative residual chlorine 水中以二氯胺和一氯胺形态存在的余氯。 35、污泥sludge 在水处理过程中产生的，以及排水管渠中沉积的固体与水的混合物或胶体物。 36、污泥处理sludge treatment 对污泥的最终安排。一般将污泥作农肥、制作建筑材料、填埋和投弃等。 37、水头损失head loss 水流通过管渠、设备和构筑物等所引起的能量消耗。 二、室外给水术语 1> 给水工程中系统和水量方面的术语及其涵度，应符合下列符合下列规定： 1、直流水系统once through system 水经过一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。 2、复用水系统water reuse system 水经重复利用后再行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。 3、循环水系统recirculation system 水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的给水系统。