利用MOOC特点提高少数民族大学生英语自主学习能力的可行性探索_王雅萍
从２０１２年开始，ＭＯＯＣ（ＭａｓｓｉｖｅＯｐｅｎＯｎｌｉｎｅＣｏｕｒｓｅ）开始闯入人们的视野，这种新型的教育模式，“具有易于使用、费用低廉甚至免费、覆盖人群
广、支持自主学习和学习资源丰富等优点”［１］
，因此
在高等教育领域得到快速发展和广泛应用，并在学术界引起了广泛的讨论。根据中国知网的统计，截止到２０１４年１１月，关于ＭＯＯＣ的论文共有１０７５篇，２０１３年和２０１４年两年内发表的关于ＭＯＯＣ的论文就多达１０５１篇。目前发表的论文大多是介绍性的文章（如李青、王涛，２０１２；王文礼，２０１３等），有的论文则关注ＭＯＯＣ给高等教育，尤其是对高校教师带来的冲击与挑战（黎静，２０１３；王左利，２０１３等），而关于ＭＯＯＣ对自主学习的影响探讨的并不多。实际上，ＭＯＯＣ作为一种新型的在线教育方式，它最显著的特点就是支持开放性、自主性和个性化学习。
少数民族的大学生，由于地域、语言、文化、心理等方面的特殊性，在英语自主学习方面存在着诸多困难。从近几年学者对少数民族大学生英语自主学习的研究来看，由于少数民族学生较低的英语水平，独特的民族心理，复杂的语言习得等因素的制约，使得他们在学习动机、学习态度、学习策略等方
面的表现都略低于普通大学生，自主学习能力普遍较低（刘雪莲，２００６；姚春林，２０１０等）。因此，寻找有利的途径提高少数民族的自主学习能力变得尤为重要。本文拟从ＭＯＯＣ这一新兴的教育模式出发，探讨利用ＭＯＯＣ提高少数民族大学生英语语言自主学习能力的可行性
一、MOOC 特点与少数民族大学生英语自主学习能力的培养
（一）MOOC 的特点
ＭＯＯＣ课程模式是美国犹他州立大学的ＤａｖｉｄＷｉｌｅｙ教授基于Ｗｉｋｉ创建的网络开放课程，２００８年，加拿大学者ＤａｖｅＣｏｒｍｉｅｒ和ＢｒｙａｎＡｌｅｘａｎｄｅｒ首次提出了ＭＯＯＣ这一名称。他们认为：“ＭＯＯＣ不仅是学习内容和学习者的聚集，更是一种通过共同的话题或某一领域的讨论将教师和学习者连接起来
的方式。”［２］
ＭＯＯＣ（ＭａｓｓｉｖｅＯｐｅｎＯｎｌｉｎｅＣｏｕｒｓｅｓ）从
这种新兴的网络教学模式的名称看，它具有大规模（Ｍａｓｓｉｖｅ）、开放（Ｏｐｅｎ）、在线（Ｏｎｌｉｎｅ）和课程（Ｃｏｕｒｓｅ）四大鲜明的特点。这四个特点构成了影响大学生自主学习能力的外部因素。这些外部因素的变化必然会影响、推动少数民族学生的学习情感、学习策略和学习动机等内部因素的改变，从而达到
利用MOOC 特点提高少数民族大学生英语自主学习能力的可行性探索
王雅萍
（兰州商学院
外语学院，甘肃
兰州
730030）
摘
要：MOOC 作为一种新型的教育模式，具有大规模、开放、在线和课堂四个鲜明的特点。这四个特
点为少数民族大学生英语自主学习提供了外部因素。这些外部因素可以促进少数民族大学生提高英语语言应用能力，减少学习焦虑，改进自主学习策略并激发英语学习动机，从而为提高少数民族大学生的英语自主学习能力。
关键词：MOOC ；少数民族大学生；英语；自主学习中图分类号：Ｈ３１９
文献标识码：Ａ
文章编号：１６７３－２５９６（２０１５）０７－０２５０－０３
Vol.36No.7
Jul.2015
第36卷第7期2015年7月赤峰学院学报（汉文哲学社会科学版）
Journal of Chifeng University （Soc.Sci ）基金项目：2014年外教社-甘肃省普通高等学校英语教学改革研究项目：基于大规模开放在线课程（MOOC ）的大学英语网络自主学习模式研究与实践，项目编号：甘教高函201450
２５０－－
DOI:10.13398/https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e11116710.html,ki.issn1673-2596.2015.07.104
提高少数民族大学身英语自主学习能力的目的。
（二）利用MOOC特点提高少数民族大学生英语自主学习能力的可行性
１．“大规模”。增强少数民族大学生英语语言能力。ＭＯＯＣ的“大规模”，即指学生在线人数的大规模，也意味着网上有大量的名师名课资源。少数民族大学生的英语水平普遍较低，目前大学英语的普遍使用的教材是《新编大学英语》、《新视野大学英语》、《体验大学英语》等，这些教材涵盖了大学英语一级至四级，但是很多少数民族的学生英语实际水平达不到教材的要求，这让他们学起来非常困难，不及格和重修率非常高。而ＭＯＯＣ提供的大量英语学习资源，有难有易，学生们可以根据自己的水平和兴趣自主选择喜欢的课程，并且每门课程都是由经验丰富的教师授课。授课视频由一些长达十几分钟的片段组成，可以反复观看，直到最后听明白为止。比如清华大学“学堂在线”的“宇宙中心的英语听说课”，内容简单易懂，生动有趣，特别适合英语起点较低的学生。同时，学生在ＭＯＯＣ课程中还要参加学习小组、网上论坛，给老师和同学发邮件讨论学习内容等。通过输入大量的学习资源和各种各样的语言输出机会，学生在不知不觉中增强了语言的综合应用能力。
２．“开放”。有利于少数民族学生接触不同文化，减少学习焦虑。由于少数民族学生大多来自偏远山区，了解其它文化的途径非常有限。语言是文化的载体，文化知识的匮乏会严重干扰到语言的学习。“而ＭＯＯＣ的教育理念是将世界上最优质的教育资源，传送到地球最偏远的角落，让人们能够有更好的职业生涯，提升智能和扩展人脉”［３］。在ＭＯＯＣ提供的在线教育平台，来自于世界各地、各种文化背景的学习者聚集到一起，共同在线上课，在线讨论。少数民族学生可以在这种学习环境中，接触到不同的文化，不同的思维方式。与之前相对闭塞的学习环境相比，ＭＯＯＣ为少数民族学生提供了具有不同文化背景的同伴学习者。“以Ｃｏｕｒｓｅｒａ平台为例，据统计（２０１３年３月数据），在该平台中注册的３００多万学生中美国生源仅占２７．７％，超过７成的学生来自美国以外的区域，依次是印度人８．８％、巴西人５．１％、英国人４．４％、西班牙人４％、加拿大人３．６％、澳大利亚人２．３％、俄罗斯人２．２％”［４］。除了学生来自于不同的文化背景，“开放”的另一个特点是学生的层次类别各种各样。“媒体津津乐道的便有８１岁老人、两个孩子的单身母亲、蒙古天才少年参与ＭＯＯＣ平台的课程学习”［５］。在普通课堂，少数民族学生因为英语水平较低，相比汉族学生往往容易产生自卑、悲观等消极情绪，很难以一种很好的状态进行学习。而在ＭＯＯＣ课堂，同伴学习者的水平有高有低，学生可以根据自己的水平选择难度合适的课程，课堂压迫感减少，少数民族学生的学习焦虑情绪会有所缓解。“著名的外语教育家Ｈ．Ｈ．Ｓｔｅｒｎ认为，情感因素在外语的学习过程中至少和认知因素同等重要，甚至会更重要些”［６］。ＭＯＯＣ的开放性特点在减少少数民族学生的学习焦虑、培养自信心等方面有着非常积极的作用。
３．“在线”。提高少数民族学生自主学习能力。在线意味着“任何人（只要具备上线条件），可以在任何时间、任何地点，按照自己的节奏学习，并能够得到及时的学习反馈”［７］。ＭＯＯＣ课程模式与大学教育非常接近，每门课程约８－１２周，每周都要求学生提交作业，完成相关练习。这就要求学生要有一定的自主学习能力，合理安排自主学习的时间，否则就会跟不上课程的进度。同时，对学生自主学习的效率也要求非常高，因为课程分成一个个视频模块，每个视频持续约８－１２分钟时间，视频中间会安排一些小测试。如果学生在学习过程中注意力不集中，就没办法回答上面的问题。一门课程结束后，如果学生有足够的兴趣和毅力完成这么课程的学习，那么他们在ＭＯＯＣ平台的学习过程中，时间安排、学习效率包括自我评价的能力都会得到大幅度提升。在线还意味着学生的学习行为和过程可以随时被记录和监控。学生在线上的所有学习信息、学习动作包括学习习惯、选择偏好等都被记录为数据，通过对这些庞杂数据的分析，ＭＯＯＣ平台能够准确了解学生的学习需求，预测他的下一个学习行为，并据此提供有针对性的学习内容，提出最佳学习建议。学习者也可以从大数据的分析中反思自主学习的行为并及时做出调整和改进，探索出适合自己的学习策略。
４．“课堂”强化少数民族学生学习动机。ＭＯＯＣ在课堂组织形式上强调翻转课堂“ｆｌｉｐｐｅｄｃｌａｓｓｒｏｏｍ”。哈佛大学ＥｒｉｃＭａｚｕｒ博士实验的翻转课堂程式是这样的：（１）学生通过观看视频、收听广播、阅读相关文章或完成一些之前学过的知识的习题来为上
２５１
－－
课做准备。（２）在接触课程内容之后，学生被要求对其学到的知识进行评价并把有疑惑的地方提出来。（３）学生登录类似于Ｆａｃｅｂｏｏｋ的社交工具，贴出他们的问题。（４）辅导教师在课前对问题进行分类、组织，然后针对不同的问题整理安排课堂内容及可能出现的情况。辅导教师不用准备那些学生已经理解了的内容。（５）在课堂上，教师利用苏格拉底式教学方法，提出问题由学生们一起讨论得出问题答案，找到问题解决方法。教师的角色就是听学生的讨论对话，在必要的时候参与个人或小组讨论［８］。
这种翻转课堂是典型的自主学习模式：学生在学习过程中的主体地位得到确认，教师不代替学生做主，而是让学生自己定向，寻求问题的解答。在这个过程中，学生逐渐把学习当作自己的事情，把教学目标当作自己的目标，把教师所希望的教学结果当作自己的追求，学习成为了“我自己”的事情。同时，翻转课堂强调合作学习的重要性，许多学习任务都是通过小组讨论和同辈评价来完成的。由于大部分少数民族院校没有将国家英语四六级考试与学位证挂钩，大多数少数民族学生英语学习动机不强，也没有意识到英语对他们前途的重要性。翻转课堂这种新型的学习模式让少数民族学生感觉到了英语学习的乐趣和自己做主的责任感，从而内化为学习英语的动机。而且少数民族学生喜欢跟本民族的学生聚在一起，小组讨论和同辈评价可以促进少数民族学生间的合作学习，彼此促进，共同进步。
二、结语
由于受到少数民族文化、语言负迁移、教育环境等各种因素的制约，少数民族大学生的英语水平与汉族大学生相比普遍较低，英语自主学习能力也比较弱。ＭＯＯＣ这种新型的教育模式学习资源丰富，来自不同文化和层次的学习群体，可以随时跟踪、学习、体验，这为提高少数民族学生英语自学能力提供了可行的途径。但是，我们也必须意识到，有些少数民族院校还缺乏相应的硬件设施，学生随时随地在线学习还存在一定的困难。而且其中教师的作用不可低估。大多数少数民族院校的汉族老师居多，这就要求教师加强对少数民族语言文化的了解，帮助少数民族学生从ＭＯＯＣ提供的学习资源中选择适合他们英语水平的学习课程，并提供及时的技术支持与情感支持。教师还可以根据少数民族学生的英语学习特点，自己制作一些微课程供学生学习。少数民族的英语教师可以利用ＭＯＯＣ平台，制作用本民族语言讲授英语的网络课程，供广大少数民族院校的学生学习，这样既缓解了中国少数民族英语教师紧缺的现状，又形成了自己的核心竞争力。ＭＯＯＣ的到来，给高校教育带来了极大的冲击，也提供了解决各种学习问题的新途径，利用ＭＯＯＣ提高少数民族大学生的自主学习能力就是其中之一。目前，对这一问题的探索尚处在初级阶段，希望本文能起到抛砖引玉的作用，引起更多学者对这一问题的关注，并期待着更多的实证研究出现。
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2.0[OL]. learning-campus-2-0-1.12590.>. 〔5〕陈肖庚，王顶明.MOOC的发展历程与主要特征分析[J].现代教育技术,2013,（11）：7. 〔6〕刘玉梅.论少数民族学生自主学习能力的培养[J].齐齐哈尔学院学报，2014,（1）：175. 〔7〕陈肖庚,王顶明.MOOC的发展历程与主要特征分析[J].现代教育技术,2013,（11）：8. 〔8〕崔娟(译).回应对翻转学习常见的五种批评［EB/ OL］.https://www.360docs.net/doc/8e11116710.html,/i/17970，2013-03-29. (责任编辑姜黎梅) ２５２－－ 2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷 （课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。考生答卷前必须将自己的和号写在答题卡上。必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning tolease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasingcan end up being just as expensive as buying. Most peoplethink about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They'reright-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were tolease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If youwere to buy the same car, you would pay about $400per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But afteryour lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many peoplewant to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwisebe able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you mightbe able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For unit1 Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time. He was born on Feb. 1) 17, 2) 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. He is 3) 1.98 meters tall and weighs 4) 216 pounds. Jordan joined the Chicago Bulls team for the 5) 1984 season. In the 6) 1986 season he shot 7) 3041 points, the 8) third highest score ever. He was named NBA Slam Dunk Champion (扣篮冠军) in 9) 1987 and won the Most Valuable Player Award in 10) 1988, an honor repeated 11) four times in the next 12) ten years to 13) 1998. Jordan guided his team to win 14) six NBA championships during the 15) 1990s, scoring 16) 45 points during the 17) sixth and last game of the 18) 1998 NBA finals. In 19) 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century. Jordan left the NBA at the beginning of the 1993-1994 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball. Since his baseball game wasn’t quite as good as his basketball games, he finally gave it up to rejoin the Bulls in 1995. Yet, after playing for 20) five more years, he once again announced his retirement in 21) 1999. But he returned for two more NBA games in 22) 2001 as a member of the Washington Wizards. Part B Pre-listening Task Exercise 1 d b Exercise 2 Listen again and write down answers to the following questions. 1. Why is Laura so keen on sports? Because she wants to enjoy good health. She also wants to stay in shape and look good. 2. What sports do Peter and Laura go in for? Both Peter and Laura like cycling and swimming. Laura also plays tennis regularly. Part c d c d c b unit 2 Part A 1. Yes 2.No 3.Yes 4.No 5.Yes 6.No 7.No 8.No Part B Text Exercise 1: 1. ...for a while 2. ...plans for this Saturday Unit 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)respectable 2)agony 3)put down 4)sequence 5)hold back 6)distribute 7)off and on 8)vivid 9)associate 10)finally 11)turn in 12)tackle 2. 1)has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. 2)was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3)a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’time. 4)gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5)buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1)reputation; rigid; to inspire 2)and tedious; What’s more; out of date ideas 3)compose; career; avoid showing; hardly hold back Ⅱviolating Ⅲ;in upon Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze back; tedious; scanned; recall; vivid; off and on; turn out/in; career ; surprise; pulled; blowing; dressed; scene; extraordinary; image; turn; excitement ⅡTranslation As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2)His girlfriend advised him to get out of /get rid of his bad habits of smoking before it took hold. 3)Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4)It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. /Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5)It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 2.Susan lost her legs because of/in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Part ⅡReading Task Vocabulary Ⅰ1. 1)absolutely 2)available 3)every now and then 4)are urging/urged 5)destination 6)mostly 7)hangs out 8)right away 9)reunion 10)or something 11)estimate 12)going ahead 2. 1)in the examination was still on his mind. 2)was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. 3)was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4)has come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time. 5)of equipping the new hospital was estimated at﹩2 million. 3. 1)were postponed; the awful; is estimated 2)reference; not available; am kind of 3)not much of a teacher; skips; go ahead Ⅱ;on Ⅲor less of/sort of 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Comprehensive Exercises ⅠCloze up; awful; practically; neighborhood; correspondence; available; destination; reunion; Mostly; postponing; absolutely ; savings; embarrassment; phone; interrupted; touch; envelope; signed; message; needed ⅡHalf an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home. 2)Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by 山东省2006年7月高等教育自学考试 英语（二）试卷【14学分】 （课程代码：0015 考试时间：150分钟） PART ONE (50 POINTS) I. V ocabulary and Structure (10points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母填在题号后括号内。 1. Kate is a good student, . A. her math probems are always rewritten to ensure clearnness B. her math problems are always rewriting to ensure cleanness C. her math problems always rewritten to ensure cleanness D. her math problems always rewriting to ensure cleanness 2. you are to accept these facts, you’ll be. A. The better able… the less angry B. The best able… the least angry C. Better able… less angry D. Best able… least angry 3.To stay there wating was they could only do. A. how B. what C. / D. that 4. Not only rising, but unemployment was on the increase. A. the inflation rate was B. was the inflation rate C. the inflation rate is D. is the inflation rate 5. The working conditions in this factory are so terrible that the workers can no longer them. A. come up with B. put up with C. take on with D. put on with 6. When attending a formal dinner, you should look your to show your respect others. A. good … for B. best … for C. good … to D. best … to 7. He me two yuan for repairing the bicycle. A. charged B. spent C. took D. cost 8. At last, justice has and the guilty man has been punished. A. prevailed B. delivered C. endured D. faded 9. He is a(n) teacher and can teach almost all the courses of the courses of the English Department. A. stern B. potential C.objective D. versatile 10.These figures are not with the results obtained in previous experiments. A. conservative B. considerate C. consistent D. constant II. Cloze Test (10points, 1 point for each item) 下面短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母填在题号后括号内。 In the United States, a university 11 from a college, but they share similarities at the same time. A university is 12 larger than a college, and a university program for undergraduates usually 13 four years. College students usually 14 four years in school, too. In this way, a university and a college are 15 . A college, 16 , usually has only one or two kinds of programs. A college does not have graduate or 全新版大学英语听说教程答案第三册 UINT1 Part B Text 1 Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3.b Exercise 2: 1. She suggested that her husband spend more time with his mother. She said to her husband, "Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together , it will make us closer." 2. 1) ...she was waiting by the door with her coat on and she had her hair curled. 2) She had told her lady friends about this. Text 2 Exercise 1: 1. c 2. d 3. d Exercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F Part C 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d PART D My First Job My parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as I grew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I was never paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot. Unit 2 Part B Text 1 3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet . 全新版大学英语听说教程答案第三册 Part B Text 1 Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3.b Exercise 2: 1. She suggested that her husband spend more time with his mother. She said to her husband, "Life is too short, but you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together , it will make us closer." 2. 1) ...she was waiting by the door with her coat on and she had her hair curled. 2) She had told her lady friends about this. Text 2 Exercise 1: 1. c 2. d 3. d Exercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F Part C 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. d PART D My First Job My parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as I grew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I was never paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot. Unit 2 Part B Text 1 Exercise 1: 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. c Exercise 2: 1984 / son / medical school / tuition / afford it / realize / newspaper ads / extra business / advertisement / succeeded / agent / changed / phone call / put aside / doing / immediately / familiar / father-in-law's / visited / his father-in-law alive / coincidence. Text 2 Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F Key to Exercises Opener Mary is thinking of getting a tattoo tomorrow afternoon. She asks Mel to join her, but Mel cannot because she has to work tomorrow. And then Mary invites Mel to go to a party tomorrow night. Mel hesitates at first, but finally decides to go with Mary. They will meet at eight o’clock. Abbreviation Meaning 1. TGIF Thank God it’s Friday 2. AMA Ask me anything 3. OMG Oh my God! 4. YOLO You only live once 5. FOMO Fear of missing out 6. FYI For your information 7. LOL Laugh out loud 8. TBH To be honest 9. PPL People 10. ETA Estimated time of arrival Transcript: A: Hey, Mary. B: Hey, Mel. A: TGIF. B: TGIF. A: Mel, I need some advice on something. B: AMA A: Yeah, thanks. I’m thinking of getting a tattoo. B: OMG! Really Are you serious A: Well, YOLO. B: That’s true. A: Well. B: When are you going to do it A: I’m thinking tomorrow afternoon. Do you want to come B: Oh, I’d love to come, but I’ve got to work tomorrow. Oh, major FOMO. A: What a shame! B: Yeah, A: Well, FYI, there’s a party tomorrow night. And if you are not busy, you can come to that instead. B: I’m not busy, but TBH I really need to take it easy this weekend. A: What That’s so not like you. B: LOL, that’s true. A: Party is in Hackney Wick. It’s gonna be good, good music, good PPL. B: Oh, major FOMO again. Oh, what the hell Yes, why not I’ll go. 内蒙古科技大学英语自主学习答案 ————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期： Unit 1 1、g 、c 、e、a、f、d、h、b 2、A、a、b、a 3、（1）it’s good to meet you (2)nice to meet you (3) ( ) met (4) hi 4、(3) 5、(1) a a b b a (2) b c a c c 6、B a b a c 7、 Alice: Look, there he is. Jean: Who? Alice: Robert, the guy I've been telling you about. Jean: Oh. The guy you're going out with? Alice: I wish. The guy I WANT to go out with. Jean: Oh, he's really handsome. Um, let's go talk to him. Alice: Oh, OK. I'll introduce you. I think you'll really like him. Hi, Robert. Robert: Oh, hi. Alice: Have you met my friend, Jean? Robert: Hey, Jean.I think we've met before. Jean: We have? Where? Robert: Last December,at Sam's party. Jean: Oh, Sam. Robert: Oh? Aren't you going out with him anymore? Jean: No, we broke up a couple of months ago. Robert: Oh... Oh, really? 8. A: Hi Phil, how are you? Long time no see! B: Rachel, my old friend, it’s been ages, hasn’t it? What a pleasant surprise! A: Phil, this is my friend Cindy. C: Nice to meet you, Phil. B: It’s a pleasure to meet you too. What are you both doing here? A: We are signing up for next semester’s courses, but are hesitating between Introduction to Psychology or Environmental Biology. B: Those are two fantastic courses! I’ve taken them both. C: Really? Which one did you prefer? B: Hmm, probably Environmental Biology. It felt more relevant. C: Relevant? In what sense? B: In the sense that the course dealt with issues that are commonly in the news, and important problems that are affecting our environment. In fact, we had the opportunity to go to the ocean and conduct tests on water pollution. C: Wow, that sounds fascinating. I am going to sign up immediately! 9. B: No problem, my friends. What can I do for you? A: Phil, thanks a million for agreeing to meet with us. We need your advice on a project for the英语二试题与参考答案
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