当代研究生英语(上册)课后翻译答案
Unit1
The possibility of a real market-style evolution of
governance///
一种真正的市场型理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我
们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、
服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制
度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这
样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或
许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。
有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能
幸存下来，他们将渐渐委琐消亡。
Unit2
Once the problem is understand…
一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫
不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失
生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不
起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如
果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对
男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在
区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。
那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子
提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他
们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。
Unit3
When it come into…
1.在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海
洋和大气层之类的东西。
Between 2 billion and 3…
2.在20亿到30亿年期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能
的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多
变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
The entire planet is a life form …
3.整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成
的生命形式（正如我们自己的身体，既是由各种各样的有
机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水
分所构成）。
In the same way
4.同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不
会对地球生命构成威胁，但是这样做会对该地区的生态形
式造成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，从而引起地质
结构的细微变化。
Barring interference from outside…
5.如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个
适当的数量，这样对双方都有好处。
The present rate of increase…
6.目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性
肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌
细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。Unit4
The flow of novelties in vocabulary,in …
新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不
断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现
在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的词，我们创造有
多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为，美国电影固
然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的
原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。
而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎
士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新
词源源不断产生。如果莎翁健在，这些新词一定会使他欣
喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词使他欣喜若狂一
样。
Unit5
The goal of science is to find out…
1. 科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可
能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质
的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇
宙。
Every culture has posed such question,,,
2 .世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提
出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”
的性质，这些尝试性的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过
细心的比较观察。
To penetrate into the heart of the thing…
3. 要透彻地领悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的东西
——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也会经历一种喜悦，这
种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。
And sometimes we hear …
4. 有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满
信心地宣称，每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知，
或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波
利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热
情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用
发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。
If we could …
5. 如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们
可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵，呈一种有规律的交
替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵精确
地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的
所有原于层的示意图。
Unit6
Jake was thinking…
杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯
了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，
面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调
转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还
是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离
这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会
爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的
车幢坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却
严重多了。
Unit7
On the same day…
1. 就在这同一天，我的车又坏了，电冰箱不制冷了，而
且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根需要镶补。
If we were suddenly to see…
2 .如果我们突然看到油漆又飞回旧楼房的墙面，我们准会
感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳
回蛋壳，我们准会开怀大笑，就像看一组倒放的电影镜头
那样。
It is easy to see entropy …
3. 在婚姻中很容易出现墒，当伴侣们过于忙于自
己的事而忽视了弥补小小裂痕时，几乎可以肯定他们的婚
姻要破裂；
The chances that an ice-cold…
4. 一个冰冷分子朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是
50％。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起，那么
所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方向运动，同时所有热空气分子背
离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。
If there were only a dozen or so air…
5. 如果在厨房里只有十几个空气分子，那么我等
上一年左右，或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰
箱里。但是，这一等式中的变量越多、参加这一游戏的角
色越多．他们的路径井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。
Unit8
The first wave involved tangible…
1 .第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件，它与构成软件的计
算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代，圣何塞和旧金山
地带的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯
片，于是使有了“硅谷”的名字。
The second wave of…
2. 财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们
用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件，就像文字处理程序或者
计算机游戏之类，以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自身运
行的“系统”软件。
But both the hardware and the software…
3. 但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命，与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比，其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前，在日内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案，用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据，这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。
The online auction site e-bay…
4. e—Bay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图，因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失，证券市场控资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。
a
5. 尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的，但到目前为之，它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。
1.This book contains all the information you need.
2.The government restricts the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
3.As a teacher you should not show preference towards any of your students.
4.Traffic is regulated by police at every intersection.
5.How much do you charge for this pair of shoes.
6.We can leave off now and return to work in the morning.
7.That matter can be left alone until our next meeting.
8.I learned that he was on sick leave from a government office.
9.It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes on.
10.Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary.
1.All this ceremony is just for show ;it doesn’t mean
a thing.
2. Bill is afraid to show his face since Tom threatens to beat him up.
3.She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will bring her to her senses.
4.The classroom is 30 feet in length and 20 feet in breadth..
5.I’m leaving this job because I’m tired of being pushed around.
6.After the rain, the orchard seems to have burst into blossom overnight.
7.The two men stood glaring at each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement.
8.When you have any problems in your studies, you can always look to John for help.
1.Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman, explorer, and author.
2.The small town has undergone many changes during last 10 years.
3.The old farmer survived his wife ,living until 105 years of age.
4.Poor eyesight is a handicap to many students.
5.The wheat crop will be decimated without strong spring rains.
6.The various parts of the essays do not adequately interrelate.
7.Hot weather multiplies the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 8.If something very substantial is not done next
month, he cannot retain his office.
9.We sent him an invitation but he declined.
10.The lifeguard pulled the inanimate body out of
the pool.
1.If you are to be accepted as a member of the club
you must abide by its rules.
2.Even if you dislike ancient monuments,Warrick
Castle is worth a visit.
3.The cities were to be deflated and the population
distributed in villages.
4.He gave a distorted account of what has happened.
5.His speech fermented trouble among the workers.
6.The criminal was told he would be immune from
punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.
7.If you strain the elastic band any more, it will
break.
8.The Egyptians inhabit an area equal to France and
Spain combined.
9.He is by no means considered to be a great
explorer.
10.It was a long time before scientists could
penetrate the mystery of the atom.
1.The speaker was a long way off the track.
2.The new government tried to defuse the growing
discontent of the people.
3.The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.
4.They were surprised to see the efficiency of the
well-oiled military machine of that country.
5.He was upset to learn that he had been left out of
the basketball team.
6.It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals
coincide with what his parents wish for him
7.If the body is robbed this way for too long ,vital
organs break down.
8.If your car conks out on a turnpike, wait for
assistance.
9.My pencil is worn down to a stump.
10.The waterfall has worn a hole in the stone.
11.Anna did what she could to keep the marriage
from falling apart.
12.His wife becomes more and more preoccupied
with children.
1.Artificial light is not to be compared with daylight
for general use.
2.To retrieve some data, one has to consult a
computer.
3.When the car hit the wall, the impact broke the
windscreen.
4.The problem is closely involved with the
management of pastures.
5.If you travel by jet plane ,Tokyo and Shanghai are
virtually neighbors.
6.There is no tangible evidence that the diplomatic
relations will be restored to normal between these two
countries.
7.After 10 year’s efforts ,the farmers have turned the
waste land into paddy fields.
8.He traveled with some British doctors who took
short-term jobs abroad.
9.Utter weariness overtook me one hour later.
10.Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming
that the weather is favorable.
11.Stocks may boom today, but droop tomorrow.
12.The mountains peak is dominant on the horizon.
三，完形。
Unit1
The web magazine from…
even, as, that, won, annually, by, they, virtual,
because, simply, across, still, exactly, concern,
response, access, to, led, between, place
Unit2
When you can e-mail…
viewed, almost, even, lower, means, reality ，
become, like, grow, proving, status, afford, faced,
necessarily, disciplined, longer, own, schedule,
talking, until.
Unit3
When 1998 began…
been, raise, spread out, dying of, began, caused,
According to, up to, as, unusual, be linked to, of
course, however, came into, ranging.
Unit4
You may roughly…
former, among, purpose, for, serves, strengthened,
official, majority, heavily, similar, extends, through,
limits, adds, familiar, ways, and, ability, as, means.
Unit5
It is an astonishing…
quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if,
greater than, common-sense, turn out to be,
increases, in the direction of, complains, the
Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as, not only
Unit6
Philp ‘s father…
reading, knowledge, because, to, came, imagine,
taken, gazed, with, when, Once, in, and, used,
thinking, memory, that, no, truly, humour.
Unit7
I have always dislike…
having to, means, without, yet, insists on,
believing in, spends, to say, In a sense, while,
implies, denies, hard, take up, was urged.
Unit8
Late next century…
be depicted, marvel at, suffering, beneath, as, when,
enjoy, Nearly, from, before, so long, have not
respected, used, than, announcing.
Unit 9
So, presence, forthmore, attend, signs,
with, just, though, at, green
for, read, raised, sometimes, state
what, expected, refers, whereas, divorced
unit 10
although important events often…
promptly, only, one, till, worth
among, served, transferred, in which, pass
desolate, because of, survive, dealt with, to
that, but, when , ended, containing
Wang Ming
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Dalian University of Technology
Dalian 116023
Liaoning Province
P. R. China
I am looking forward to hearing from you
Yours sincerely,
署名（Signature）
2 感谢信
当别人帮了你一个忙时，你应该给他写封
信，以示感激。
例文2
Dear John:
Thank you very much for the nice birthday
present you have sent me! I
have been lonking for a dictionary for a long
time. It will surly be very helpful to my study.
It's very nice of you to remember my birthday.
I'll make good use of the
dictionaryI'll think of you with
gratitudeaffection every time I use it.
Love,
Sally
4 申请信
当申请一项工作，或是申请一个学校留学时，都应该使用申请信。申请信应该简洁、明确、如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。
例文4
8ttt8是一封申请留学的书信：
The Department of Civil Engineering
Dalian University of Technology
Dalian 116023
Liaoning Province
P.R.China
November 20,1999
Prof. Steeve Hunter
The Dept. Of Civil Engineering
**** University
New Your, NY 10017
U.S.A
Dear Professor Steeve Hunter,
I have for many years cherished the hope of studying civil engineering
under your personal guidance as a graduate student in your university, to
which your name has added https://www.360docs.net/doc/8812714884.html,luster.
I was enrolled to study civil engineering in the Department of Civil
Engineering Of Zhejiang University in September 1992.I graduated from
Zhejiang University in July 1996. And ever since my graduation, I have
been teaching in the Department of Civil Engineering of Dalian University
of Technology.
If you could tell the necessany procedure of taking the graduate course of
your department, I will be very grateful to you.
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Zhao Hui (手写)
Zhao Hui （打印）
邀请信
Dear [Dr. Rodger]:
[The English Department of Nankai University] would like to extend to you an invitation to be our guest speaker at the [annual conference] to be held at the [meeting room] at [eight] o’clock, [Saturday morning, December the thirtieth, 1993].
As you know, the department is interested in [the 20th century English literature] Since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us.
You will receive further details later, but we would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda.
Cordially, 询问入学
Dear Sirs,
I wish to enter an Oxford college to read for an
arts degree
in history. I enclose a list of my qualifications, and
you will
see what I have been studying at Tuff’s school for the
last
four years.
I have, of course, no English examination
qualifications.
Could you kindly suggest which of the various
colleges would
be most likely to receive my application so that I can
apply to
them individually?
Yours truly,
Li Ming
投诉信
Dear Sir,
I am happy that the refrigerator we
ordered last week has arrived on time. But it
is a great pity that we find there is something
wrong with the refrigeration facilities.
After we used it for several days. we
found that food stored in the refrigerating
compartment turned bad quickly. When we
finally decided to take the temperature in it,
we were surprised to find it was around 15℃,
far from the standard temperture range from
0℃ to 9℃.
This problem has affected our normal
life. Would you please let me know whether or
not you can send a repairman as soon as
possible? I hope that my problem will get your
kind consideration.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
抱怨服务质量
You should spend about 20 minutes on this
task. You went shopping one day and had
received very bad service in a shop. You want
to complain to the boss. Write a letter to
complain about the had service. You should
write at least 150 words.
Dear Sir or Madam,
Much of my regret, I write this to place
a complaint against one of your
shop-assistants about his had service.
Yesterday morning about 10 o’clock my husband,
I and a lady friend of ours came to your shop
with the intention to buy some souvenirs. One
of the shop-assistants, whose badge we could
decide which one to buy. Under the
circumstances, it was the shop-assistant’s
duty to do what was asked or to explain why he
was unable to comply with such a request.
Instead of minding his duty and acting in a
polite, he turned a deaf ear to our request and
walked away murmuring in a sarcastic manner.
We wish you would look into this
unsatisfactory state of affairs and take steps
to prevent a recurrence of offensive conduct
申请信
Dear Sir or madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that
you have advertised in＿＿＿(信息来源) of ＿＿＿
(信息发布日期).
Not only do I have the qualifications for this
job, but I also have the right personality for a ＿＿＿
(职位名称).＿＿＿(原因之一). On the other hand,
＿＿＿(原因之二).
I would be very grateful if you grant me a
personal interview. If you need to know more about
me, please feel free to contact me at any time at＿＿
＿(电话号码).
Thank you for considering my application. I am
looking forward to meeting you.
ours sincerely,
Li Ming
英语课后翻译答案新
U n i t1 1. 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 2. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester. 3. 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking. 4. 公园位于县城的正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town. 5. 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 1. 他们花了多年的时间寻找内心的平静，但是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success. 2. 这种新药的成功研制已经使许多疾病的治疗发生了根本性的变革。
学术英语 课文翻译
U8 A 1 在过去的30年里，作为一个专业的大提琴演奏家，我花了相当于整整20年时间在路上执行和学习音乐传统和文化。我的旅行使我相信在我们的全球化的世界中，文化传统来自于一个身份、社会稳定和富有同情心的互动的基本框架。 2 世界在快速改变，正如我们一定会创造不稳定的文化，让人质疑他们的地方。全球化使我们服从于别人的规则，这往往会威胁到个人的身份。这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变传统习惯。所以如今全球领导者的关键问题是：如何使习惯和文化发展到融入更大的行星，同时不必牺牲鲜明特色和个人的骄傲？ 3 我的音乐旅程提醒了我，全球化带来的相互作用不只是摧毁文化；他们能够创造新的文化，生机，传播存在已久的传统。这不像生态“边缘效应”，它是用来描述两个不同的生态系统相遇发生了什么，例如，森林和草原。在这个接口，那里是最小密度和生命形式的最大的多样性，每种生物都可以从这两个生态系统的核心作画。有时最有趣的事情发生在边缘。在交叉口可以显示意想不到的连接。 4 文化是一个由世界每个角落的礼物组成的织物。发现世界的一种方式是例如通过深入挖掘其传统。例如音乐方面，在任何的大提琴演奏家的曲目的核心是由巴赫大提琴组曲。每个组件的核心是一个称为萨拉班德舞曲的舞蹈动作。这种舞蹈起源于北非的柏柏尔人的音乐，它是一个缓慢的、性感的舞蹈。它后来出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为是下流的。西班牙人把它带到了美洲，也去了法国，在那里成为一个优雅的舞蹈。在1720年，巴赫公司的萨拉班德在他的大提琴组曲运动。今天，我扮演巴赫，一个巴黎裔美国人的中国血统的音乐家。所以谁真正拥有的萨拉班德？每一种文化都采用了音乐，使其具有特定的内涵，但每一种文化都必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有人。 5 1998年，我从丝绸之路发现在数千年来从地中海和太平洋许多文化间观念的流动。当丝绸之路合奏团执行，我们试图把世界上大部分集中在一个阶段。它的成员是一个名家的同等团体，大师的生活传统是欧洲、阿拉伯、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、波斯、俄罗斯、中亚、印度、蒙古、中国、韩国或日本。他们都慷慨地分享他们的知识，并好奇和渴望学习其他形式的表达。 6 在过去的几年里，我们发现每一个传统都是成功的发明的结果。确保传统的生存的一个最好的方法是由有机进化，目前利用我们所有可用的工具。通过录音和电影；通过驻在博物馆、大学、设计学校和城市；通过表演从教室到体育场，合奏的音乐家，包括我自己，学习有用的技能。回到家中，我们和其他人分享这些技能，确保我们的传统在文化桌上有一席之地。 7 我们发现，在本国执行传统出口的是国外激励从业者。最重要的是，我们对彼此的音乐发展出了激情，并建立了相互尊重、友谊和信任的纽带，每一次我们都在舞台上这都是可触及的。这种欢乐的互动是为了一个理想的共同的更大的目标：我们始终能够通过友好的对话解决任何分歧。我们相互开放，我们形成一个桥进入陌生的传统，驱逐往往伴随着变化和错位的恐惧。换句话说，当我们扩大我们看世界的镜头的时候，我们更好地了解自己，自己的生活和文化。我们与我们的小星球的遥远的行星有更多的共同分享，而不是我们意识到的。 8 发现这些共同的文化是很重要的，但不只是为了艺术的缘故。所以我们的许多城市，不仅是伦敦，纽约，东京，现在即使甚至是中小城市正在经历着移民潮。我们将如何吸取同化有自己独特的习惯的人群？移民不可避免地会导致抵抗和冲突，就像过去一样？有什么关于德国的土耳其人口的阿尔巴尼亚人在意大利，北非人在西班牙和法国？文化繁荣的引擎可以帮助我们找出如何集合可以和平融合，同时不牺牲个性身份。这不是政治正确性。它是关于对人而言什么是珍贵的承认，和每一个文化已经给予我们世界的礼物。
学术综合英语(罗立胜)1-6单元课文翻译
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案
Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化
学术英语课后翻译答案
学术英语（理工）课后英译汉练习答案 Text 1 1有些人声称黑客是那些扩宽知识界限而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“破碎者”才是真正的坏人。 2这可以指获取计算机系统的存储内容，获得一个系统的处理能力，或捕获系统之间正在交流的信息。 3那些系统开发者或操作者所忽视的不为人知的漏洞很可能是由于糟糕的设计造成的，也可能是为了让系统具备一些必要的功能而导致计划外的结果。 4另一种是预先设定好程序对特定易受攻击对象进行攻击，然而，这种攻击是以鸟枪式的方式发出的，没有任何具体目标，目的是攻击到尽可能多的潜在目标。 5另外，考虑安装一个硬件防火墙并将从互联网中流入和流出的数据限定在仅有的几个你真正需要的端口，如电子邮件和网站流量。 Text 2 1看似无害的编程错误可以被利用，导致电脑被侵入并为电脑蠕虫和病毒的繁衍提供温床。 2当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将漏洞变成一个侵入点，从而造成极大的破坏，在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。 3最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标寄钱。但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商 业网站，并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。 4间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生厌的互联网害虫。尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着 其他通常是免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。 5尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些意图为了罪恶目的而利用网络力量的人和那些负责阻止这些网络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。Text 5 1.最近在《纽约时报》上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件在瞬间就能通 过数以千计的法律文件筛选并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，这为律师们节省了在阅读文件上所花费的数百小时。 2.他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，然后再多种一些用以物品交易或卖一些盈余 3.从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年时达到顶峰（约有1,100—1,200万）， 在此之后人数便急剧下降 4.这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全 国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。 5.人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是20世纪末就业标志的脑力工 作的技术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？ Text 6 1.就前者来说，玩家按照顺序移动，（那么）每个人都了解其他玩家之前的动作。就 后者而言，玩家同时做出动作，则不了解其他玩家的动作。 2.当一个人思考别人会如何反应的时候，他必须站在别人的角度，用和他们一样的思 考方式进行思考一个人不能将自己的推理强加在别人的身上。 3.尽管各位玩家同时做出动作，不知道其他玩家当前的动作，然而，每个玩家都必须
全新版大学英语3综合教程课后习题翻译原题及答案
1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题不大 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去逝的时候我还小,不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了教育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必须得达到严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童 The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载了世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展 中国家战胜饥荒和疾病 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 1.无论是在城市还是农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。 The Internet is changing the way people live, whether they are in urban or rural areas. 2.和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到金融危机的威胁。 Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. 3.关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然然后对过家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development. 4.他从来也没有想到他们队会大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.
学术英语Unit1~4课文翻译
Unit 1 Text A 神经过载与千头万绪的医生 患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。 奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。她有点超重。她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。她锻炼不够多，最后一次 DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。 以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。 她做了血液化验，这是好事。 血糖好点了。胆固醇不是很好。可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。 她的肝酶正常吗？ 她的体重有点增加。我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行 30 分钟的事。 糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营 养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？ 她的血压还好，但不是很好。我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药 片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃 带来的风险孰重孰轻？
英语课后翻译答案
Unit1 1、任何年满18岁得人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote、 2、每学期开学前，这些奖学金得申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for, scholarship) A form to apply for these scholarships is sent by the university to every student before the start of every semester、 3、遵照医生得建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of) On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking、 4、公园位于县城得正中央。(be located in) The park is located right in the center of town、 5、这所大学提供了我们所需得所有材料与设备。(facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire、 1、她们花了多年得时间寻找内心得平静，但就是收效甚微。(search for) They spent many years searching for peace of mind, but with little success、 2、这种新药得成功研制已经使许多疾病得治疗发生了根本性得变革。(revolutionize) The successful development of the new drug has revolutionized the treatment of many diseases、 3、由于这个国家得经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of) The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country、 4、大学毕业后她成为了一名护士。她认为护士这一职业可能很有发展前途。(rewarding) He became a nurse after college、He thought nursing could be a very rewarding career、 5、她像往常一样在文件上签了名。(just as) He signed his name on the paper just as he has always done it、 Unit2
新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案
新视野大学英语课后习 题翻译答案 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释 How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency.
我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们 只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her . 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没有给我打电话作任何解 释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night , nor did he call me to give an explanation. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么 大作家。 The man sitting next to him did publish some novels , but he is by no means a great writer. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He is not interested in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses.
研究生学术英语课后习题答案
Unit 1英译汉：15 Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline. 发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline sho uld consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain ke y words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline a s brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible 在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给你一些帮助。发言提纲还应包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰、易于辨认。 汉译英： 当你发表学术演讲时，首先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲的主要观点要明确，层次要清楚。演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地进行你的演讲。 Before you deliver an academic speech, firstly you should get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案
新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释? How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week？ 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her .
学术英语管理课文翻译
Unit 1 When faced with both economic problems and increasing competition not only from firms in the united states but also from international firms located in other parts of the world, employee and managers now began to ask the question：what do we do now? although this is a fair question, it is difficult to answer. Certainly, for a college student taking business courses or be beginning employee just staring a career, the question is even more difficult to answer. And yet there are still opportunities out there d=for people who are willing to work hard, continue to learn, and possess the ability to adapt to change. 当面对不仅来自美国的公司而且来自位于世界其他地方的国际公司的经济问题和日益激烈的竞争时，员工和经理现在开始要问一个问题：我们要做什么？虽然这是一个很清晰的问题，但是它是很难回答的。当然，对于一个正在谈论商务课程的大学生或者一个刚开始职业生涯的员工来说，这个问题更难回答。但目前仍然有许多机会给那些愿意努力工作，继续学习并且拥有适应变化的能力的人。 Whether you want to obtain part-time employment to pay college and living expense, begin your career as a full –time employee, or start a business, you must bring something to the table that makes you different from the next person . Employee and our capitalistic economic systems are more demanding than ever before. Ask yourself: What can I do that will make employee want to pay me a salary? What skills do I have that employers need?