M8U1 词汇用法讲义2nd学生版

Module 8 Unit 1 The Written World 词汇用法讲义

Teaching steps:

Step 1. Reading the new words on p. 72-73 from ‘workhouse’to ‘melt’, paying special attention to the sounds & spellings of the new words.

Step 2. Studying the detailed information about the following words & getting the exercises finished.

11.vice

1) [c]缺点，坏毛病或生理缺陷[u]邪恶, 恶习, 罪行

Greed, pride, envy and dishonesty are considered to be _____________.

The chief of police said that he was committed to _______________ (消灭罪恶)in the city.

2) adj.副的, 代理的vice-chairman / vice-president / vice-captain

12.reform n. vt. vi.→ n.△reformation 改革，改进，变革

n. 改革，改善

economic reform经济改革the reform of the educational system教育体制改革

The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colorful life.

改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。

vt. vi 改革，革新，改良，重新组成reform criminals 改造罪犯reform society 改革社会He promised to reform himself. 他许诺要_________________。

14. threat n. 恐吓，威胁；预示凶兆，征兆，有。。。的危险；构成威胁的人或物

The threat of war has depressed business activity. 战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。

He took no notice of hi s father’s threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。

Drunken drivers pose / present a serious threat (= cause a lot of harm) to other road users.

醉酒驾驶成为其他路人的一大威胁。

词组：make threats (against sb)（对某人）恐吓

carry out a threat (to do sth) / that –C 威胁（要做某事）

under threat 被置于威胁之中；笼罩于。。。之下

threaten vt. 恐吓，威胁threaten sb. with …/ to do sth. / that –C 用（做某事）相要挟The hijackers _______________________________________ if their demands were not met.

劫机者扬言若不满足他们的要求, 就把乘客都杀死.

→a. threatening威胁的，恐吓的；threatening behavior

乌云密布的under a threatening sky 在阴沉的天空下

15.resist vt. 抵抗，抵制, 反抗; 忍得住+ n. / doing sth. / being done

resist aggression 抵抗侵略resist temptation不受引诱the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力

1) She could hardly resist laughing. 她真_____________________笑。

Jim couldn’t resist making jokes about his baldness.吉姆忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑。

2) The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行___________降低利率。

He tried to pin me down, but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。

▲resistance n. 反抗，抵抗，抵抗力_________ some [no] resistance 进行[不]抵抗

▲resistant adj. 有抵抗力的对…有抵抗力_______________________________ The plant is resistant to cold weather.

16.reputation n. 名声 a man of good/high reputation 很有声望的人

gain/earn /acquire /establish a reputation for…以…而获得名声

harm/damage/destroy/ ruin损害/spot败坏/lose one’s reputation

He has a reputation for his laziness. 他因懒惰而出名。

当have a reputation for …以…出名结构后用的是“being +形容词”时，for可以用of代替。

She has a reputation of being generous. 她因慷慨大方而博得好评。

He did not have a good reputation in his hometown. 他在家乡的名声不好。

17. debt n. 债务，罪过

If I pay all my debts I shall have no money left. 如果我偿清了所有的债，我就一分钱不剩了。

Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 血债要用血来偿。

owe a debt欠债pay one’s debts偿付债款pay off one’s debts还清欠债debt of gratitude恩情run / get into debt陷入债务中；get out of debt 摆脱债务in debt欠债

in one’s debt = in debt to sb.欠某人的债

18.spring vi.突然出现；跳，蹦；过去式_______ / _________; 过去分词__________

1) spring up 迅速地或突然地出现﹑发展﹑生长等（不被动）

Fast-food restaurants ___________________ all over town. 全镇各处很快盖起了快餐店。

2) 突然活动（如从隐藏处或松弛状态）:

spring to one's feet突然站起spring out of bed一跃下床spring into action立即投入行动

3) spring to life突然活跃起来:

On hearing his name called the sleeping dog _________________.

那狗正在睡觉, 听到有人唤它, 猛地惊醒

n. 春天；泉水; 弹簧, 发条

1) a hot spring 温泉a mineral spring 矿泉

2) 弹簧; 发条: a watch spring 表的发条

3) springboard（跳水运动的）跳板; （体操运动的）踏跳板.

19. spin v.旋转，纺，纺纱动词三行：________ _________ ___________

e.g. The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。

The heavy blow sent the enemy _______________________________.

猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向，倒在地上。

spin sb. round使某人很快转身

Step 3 Consolidation Practice：

Word-spelling exercise:

1. Many people were g_____________ enough to donate enough money to the people in the disaster regions.

2. He was v____________ about his looks, spending hours in the gym.

3. Prisoners reported being regularly a____________ by their guards.

4. Keep a c______________ tongue in your head! Don’t speak rudely.

5. The ________________ (曲折) in the plot is always the attraction to literature lovers.

6. Parts of this school are in d__________ need of repair.

7. John is b_____________ on getting the first place in the following race.

8. The a_____________ chair was made in 1628.

9. This is a new kind of glassware that r____________ heat.

10. The crew of the tanker were r__________ just minutes before it sank in heavy seas.

11. Mother Teresa, who won the Nobel Prize, has earned her r__________ for kind help to the poor

people in India.

12. The posts are i_________ for students who have recently completed a first degree in biology. Translation:

该地区的污染成为当地居民健康的一大威胁。

____________________________________________________________________________ Step 4 Assignments for today:

Step 5 Reflections on this period

任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每

个空格只填1个单词。

Being on bad terms with your neighbors can make your life frustrating day after day．But taking the time to establish a good relationship with your neighbors has a good many benefits．The community will be friendlier, the neighborhood safer, and the area a nicer place to live in．Therefore, you can do a lot to develop a good relationship with your neighbors．Whether you're new in the neighborhood or new residents who have just moved into your block, introduce yourself．Say hello, offer a welcoming gift and share or ask about the local area．Sometimes, you can remedy （补救）problems before they even start; for example, if you do a lot of yard work, let them know in advance and mention that if it's getting too loud, they shouldn't hesitate to let you know．

Be aware of the shared walls, if you and your neighbors share adjacent （相邻的）living space, and try to put noisy household appliances such as washing machines and tumble dryers away from the shared walls．

Keep your pet dog on a leash （皮带）if it has a habit of running rampant on your neighbors' lawns, especially if they have a pet cat or a pet dog of their own, and make sure you clean up after it．

When you park your vehicle, be sure not to block anyone's access, or make them have to pull out of a very tight spot．Don't slam （砰地关上）your car doors late at night．Weed your garden in a regular way, because the presence of weeds in your yard is not only unsightly but can also spread to your neighbor's yard．

Really good neighbors watch out for each other．They offer to help, especially on matters that impact the larger neighborhood and look for opportunities to communicate．Great neighbors

contribute to great neighborhoods．