主谓结构语法

主谓结构语法
主谓结构语法

句子成分语法学案----------主谓结构

制作人:kelly.lin 2011-5-2 主任签字:

一:学习目标:1:概念渗透:主语,谓语,定语,状语,不及物动词。

2:分析主谓句子结构,翻译句子,列举例子。

二: 重点:1)了解上面的5个概念2)会翻译及写主谓结构的句子。

三:难点:不及物动词的概念和翻译及写主谓结构的句子。

教学步骤:

Step1:语法导入:(翻译下列句子,并划分句子结构,然后回答后面的问题)

1:Alice会游泳。

2:John的父亲昨晚去世了。

3:秋天有些鸟儿飞到南方去。

4:我的祖父早晨起得很早。

⑴上述句子都是结构的句子。试描述一下下面的2个概念:

主语;谓语

⑵I study English.句子结构为:句中study为及物动词。

I study hard at school.句子结构为:句中study为不及物动词。不及物动词是指的动词

Step2:了解主语:

1:概念:主语表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,也就是句子说明的人或事物,是谓语的陈述对象,通常有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词或

从句等担任。

2:指出下列句子中主语是什么结构担任的。

1)The sun rises in the east. () 2)He likes dancing. ()3)Twenty years is a short time in history. ()

4)Seeing is believing. ()5)To see is to believe. ()6)What he needs is a book. ()

7)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(是形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

3:翻译:1)早晨早起是好习惯。

2)吃太多对你的身体有害。

4:比较:①The sun rises. ②The red sun rises.

2句中主语都是The sun. 是名词担任主语,然句②中名词sun前有一形容词,是形容词作定语。定语也就是修饰限定语。

概念:定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。这里我们主要记住形容词作定语。

如:1)这个聪明的女孩会游泳。译:

2)那个小男孩跳得高。译:

Step3:了解谓语:

1:主语+不及物动词:1)Tom工作努力。译:

2)火车就要到了。译:

2:主语+不及物动词词组:1)飞机就要起飞了。译:

2)这场战争爆发于1937年。译:

3:主语+不及物动词+状语:

1)不要开得太快。译:

2)我昨晚睡得很好。译:

She is studying hard in the university.

主语 + 谓语动词 + 状语1 + 状语2

试划分:He often dreams at night.

总结:该句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。不能跟宾语。只能跟状语。

状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面或后面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。

例:He died ①in the sea ②yesterday. 句中①为表的状语,②为表的状语这里我们主要学习副词修饰中心谓语动词:

例如:My right arm hurts badly. 修饰动词hurt,我们用bad的副词形式。

He studies (good). He runs (quick).

Step4:规律总结:(概念梳理)

1: 主语表示句子描述的是“”或“”,是谓语的陈述对象,通常

等担任;当主语是名词或代词时,可以在其前面加形容词作语。

2:主谓结构中谓语部分常有不及物动词,和3种。修饰谓语动词的通常是词,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。

Step5:强化练习:

一:划分句子结构:

1You should study hard.

2 She went home very late yesterday evening.

3That morning we talked a great deal.

4The meeting will last two hours.

5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.

7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.

8Classes begin at eight every day.

二:翻译下列结构:

1:Tom 死了。

2:我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

3:发生了什么事?

4:这座桥塌了。

5:她每天回来很晚。

三:能力提升:(选做)

1:列举不及物动词或词组:

2:列举3个主谓结构的英语句子:1):

2):

3):

中考英语语法主谓一致专项习题

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主谓一致专项练习

主谓一致专项练习 Last revision date: 13 December 2020.

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英语语法主谓一致

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初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致

初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例:boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。 例:who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例:good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。 例:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.):表示动作或状态。 例:am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 例:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例:a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..):表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

例:oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例:I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例:Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例:My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例:He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例:He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例:He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例:Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 例:He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

初中英语主谓一致专项练习

所谓“主谓一致”就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。主谓一致有许多语法规定,这里作一个比较全面的总结与归纳。但有一点必须指出,光是总结还不等同于大家已掌握了主谓一致,正是因为其繁琐性与固定性,要求同学们熟记在心并通过反复练习来巩固。 1.动词不定式、动名词,或者主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:What we want is some water. 我们需要水。 To say something is usually easier than to do something. 说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。 Whether he will come is still unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。 注: ①当若干个动词不定式,动名词或主语从句被and连接起来当主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如: What he says and what he does don’t agree. 他言行不一致。 Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets. 他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是谜。 ②由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如: What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 2.“就近一致”原则。 当一个句子有两个主语,这两主语又是由“not only…but also”, “either…or…”“neither…nor”连接起来时,谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持一致。如:Not only he but also I am good at English. 我们俩英语都不错。 Either they or he is to come. 不是他们就是他会来的。 3.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,常作为一个整体来看,谓语动词用单数。 Five years is a long time to wait for an answer. 为了等待一个答复4年时间够长的。 The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. 李白诗集很久以前就出版了。 25,000 miles is a long distance. 两万五千里是很长的一段路程。 4.由and连接的两个并列主语一般谓语动词用复数。如: Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料与橡皮永远不会腐烂。 注:当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有every, each, no, many a修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 In our country, every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

语法复习二、主谓一致

语法复习二、主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在 人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大 致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就 近一致原则。 (一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为 复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His faworkingarm. / To study English wellasy. / What he said is vant for us all. / The children wlawo hours ago. / Readingun is bad for you注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是 复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought wglish books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised ward the news. / Band he are

Young P注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人 或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, evan a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher wa/ No boy and no girl l、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather thaan, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓 语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Ggether wwife and children, haa. / Nobody but Jim and Mike walayground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、ach, every 或no +单数名词和由some, avery 构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is ma注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Nxts is (are)g. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

高中英语语法知识点 主谓一致

考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查,多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题,在完形填空中也会有所涉及,总体难度系数较低,纵观近年的高考真题,主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致; 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配; 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致; 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时, 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面, 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词, 尽管后面跟有 with,together with,except,but,like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,including 等引起的短语, playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数, 谓语用复数形式。 She,like you and Tom,is very tall. Mr. Green , together with his wife and children,has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either,neither,each,every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some,any,no,every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中,关系代词 that,who, hard. which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体, 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注:people,police,cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

(英语)英语主谓一致专项习题及答案解析

(英语)英语主谓一致专项习题及答案解析 一、主谓一致 1.Neither your sister nor mine the good news. Let’s tell them. A.know B.knows C.had known D.have known 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:你的妹妹和我的妹妹都不知道这个好消息,让我们告诉他们。根据neither...nor...表示两者都不,谓语动词采用就近原则。根据题意可知故选B 考点:考查主谓一致 2.There a basketball game between Class 8 and Class 12 tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.has C.will be D.will have 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意:明天下午在8班和12班之间将有一场篮球比赛。A. is是,单数;B. has有,第三人称单数;C. will be将是;D. will have将有。这里是there be句型,不能出现have/has,排除BD;根据时间状语tomorrow afternoon.可知用一般将来时,其结构是there will be+主语+介词短语。根据题意,故选C。 3.Smog and haze is a kind of air pollution. It _______ people _____ about their health. A.make, worry B.make, be worried C.makes, worried D.makes, worry 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意:雾霾是一种空气污染。它使人们担心他们的健康。考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。it是单数第三人称,动词需用三单形式,可排除AB两项。make让,使役动词,make sb. do sth.让某人做某事,是固定结构,可排除C项。根据句意结构,可知选D。 4.The boys ____________ from America like China A.who is B.are C.which is D.who are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意:这些来自美国的男孩喜欢中国。考查定语从句。本句是主谓宾结构,可排除B项。空白处做主语the boys的后置定语,先行词the boys是人,不可用which(用于先行词是物时),需用who引导;the boys是复数人称,系词需用are;根据句意结构,可知选D。

主谓一致语法总结

主谓一致语法总结 ----安顺一中曹方平供稿 一.就近原则:在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be…句型中,谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。 例:only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project. you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager. 二.集合名词做主语,指成员时,谓语用复数;指团体,组织时,谓语用单数:如:class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。 例:class are busy working on the exercises at the moment . team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games . 三.当两个名词用with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 例:, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week. son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母) 四.当each, neither, either 以及由every, any, no, some 与one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例:of the girls is fond of pop music in her class. is expecting you at the school gate . 但none 做主语时谓语用单复数都行。 例:None of them are / is interested in local music. 另外:当every, each, no 做定语时,即使用and 连接两个主语,谓语也用单数。 例:student is preparing for the final examination now. boy and every girl is proud of the result of the experiment. teacher and no student is admitted to enter the place . each have an English dictionary .(此句中each 做同位语,谓语由主语they确定) 五.当主语表示时间,重量,距离,价格时,谓语动词用单数。 例:hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航)。 kilometers was covered in two hours .

小学英语语法中的主谓一致

小学英语语法中的主谓一致 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。 There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。 2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

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2016届高考语法专项复习 主谓一致练习 1. Whom _______ this pair of glasses belong to and whose ________ the glasses on the table A. does; is B. do; are C. does; are D. do; is2. There _______ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. The United States of America ________ one of the most developed countries in the world.A. is B. are C. was D. were4. “All ______ present and al l ________ going on well,” our monitor said.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are5. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which _________ very difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The trouble with such resources as coal, oil and gas ______ that they are not renewable.A. has been B. are C. have been D. is7. More than one example _______ necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly.A. should be B. is C. are D. have been8. Although many of the houses in the small town ______ still in need of repair, there _______ lots of improvement in their appearance.A. are; has been B. is; have beenC. is; are D. are; was9. Going to bed early and getting up early _________ a good habit. A. is B. are C. were D. was10. The police _______ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _______.A. have; them

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