暨南大学研究生英语读写译教程第二版1-5课课后练习题参考答案

《研究生英语读写译教程》第二版练习参考答案

UNIT1STAY HUNGRY.STAY FOOLISH.

COMPREHENSION

1.He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it.(The

answer to the second part of the question is open.)

2.Life was tough–he slept on the floor in friends’rooms,he returned coke

bottles and he walked7miles to get one good free meal…

3.He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his

calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.

4.Jobs’first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future.

(What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)

5.He was publicly out.(The company that he and Woz established dismissed

him.)The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.

6.He has learned a good lesson from his failure.

7.Do the things we love to do.

8.Open.

9.Open.

10.Open.(We should always want more,never be content and when we want to

do something that others say is foolish,do it anyway.) VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE

A

1naively2curiosity3combination4let down5vision

6baton7creative8mirror9trap10invention

B

1drowned out2tuition3Commencement4deposit5typography

6make way for7animation8intuition9destination10diverge

C

1follow:orders,rules,advice,fads,an ideal,one’s instinct

2trust in:honesty,the Lord,power,intuition,sixth sense

3wear out,fade out,put out,make out,get out,break out

4play writer/playwright,speedwriter,blog writer,letter writer,editorial writer

5habitual,textual,accentual,sexual,spiritual,conceptual

6shocking,stunning,eye-catching,astonishing,striking,dazzling TRANSLATION

A

1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水

10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。

11那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。

12他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。

13脚踩两条凳,早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）。

14骄者必败。

15我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。

B见译文部分。

1从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无兴趣的必修课了，我开始旁听那些看来比较有意思的科目。

2成功的沉重被凤凰涅槃的轻盈所代替，每件事情都不再那么确定，我以自由之躯进入了我整个生命当中最有创意的时期。

3工作将占据你生命中相当大的一部分，从事你认为具有非凡意义的工作，方能给你带来真正的满足感。而从事一份伟大工作的唯一方法，就是去热爱这份工作。如果你到现在还没有找到这样一份工作，那么就继续找。不要安于现状。

4没人想死。即使想去天堂的人，也是希望能活着进去。死亡是我们每个人的人生终点站，没人能够成为例外。生命就是如此，因为死亡很可能是生命最好的造物，它是生命更迭的媒介，送走耋耄老者，给新生代让路。

5你们的时间有限，所以不要把时间浪费在别人的生活里。不要被条条框框束缚。不要让他人的观点所发出的噪音淹没你内心的声音。最为重要的是，要有遵从你的内心和直觉的勇气，它们可能已知道你其实想成为一个什么样的人。其他事物都是次要的。

P.18EX.A

1.I was asked to do the assignment.So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the

experiment.

2.Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge,I couldn’t improve my English.

3.Though…..

4.therefore---However

5.If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between2001and2003,

it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more.

6.We have three ways of recruitment.The first is the recruitment agency,which we used two

years ago.The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable.

The second is online recruitment.We have never used this method before,so we cannot say

this is good or not.However,online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants.

7.are-is

8.including---include

9.has a negative impact,

have a positive and powerful effect

10.There never seems to be anything worth watching on television.Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age.

UNIT2TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BY

COMPREHENSION

1.According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler,we should hold fast to many gifts such

as beauty,love.

2.The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of

the text to control the idea of the whole text.“Life is a paradox”,because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance.

3.The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that

people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day,and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it.

4.According to the author,people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because

they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young. 5.Since all of us will perish in the end,we must seek a wider perspective,viewing

our lives as through windows that open on eternity,whereby to reconcile on life’s paradoxical demands.Though our lives are finite,our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern.

6.Life is a process.During the process,we should hold fast to life,but not so fast

that we cannot let go;we must accept our losses,and learn how to let go.

7.According to the author,we should pursue the ideal,for ideals alone invest life

with meaning and are of enduring worth.

8.Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal

considerations and to perfect the present world.

9.There is strong religious color in the text.Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast

to God’s gifts,to be reverent before each dawning day,to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity,and to add religion to the humblest of edifices.

10.The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them

how to cope with life’s paradoxical problems in a wise way,and what to pursue.

VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE

A

1.renounce

2.tender

3.petty

4.relish

5.gleaned

6.abounds in

7.parable

8.evanescent

9.redeem10.sanctuary

B

1.indifference to

2.Preoccupied

3.redeem

4.cling ing to

5.relentless

6.paradox

7.ordained

8.wanes

9.exalted

10.dawn/have dawned on

C

1.the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose

2.the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture

3.run drive speak sail stick

4.arrival survival refusal approval renewal

5.restless priceless endless homeless aimless

6.widen quicken deepen lengthen shorten

TRANSLATION

A

1成功与否取决于她的努力。2她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

3他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶

4人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认识历史是一门学科。

5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。

6只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。

7只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

8她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。

9独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。

10新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者，获得了他们的一些好感。

B见译文部分。

1生活的艺术就是知道何时抓紧与何时放手。因为生活就是一条悖论：它迫使我

们牢牢抓住许多礼物，虽然注定到头来还是要放弃。古代的犹太大师曾经这样说过，“一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界，可是当他死的时候，手就松开了”。开始我们抓紧，最终我们必须放弃。

2我们记得逝去的美，消蚀的爱。可是我们更痛苦地记得，当美绽放时我们却没有看到，也没有以爱回报我们得到的爱。

3生命决不只是存在，它是变化，无怨无悔的向前奔流。我们的父母通过我们而延续生命，而我们生命在孩子身上得到延续。我们建立的制度会持续存在，我们将通过它们存在下去。我们创造的美不会由于死亡而暗淡。我们的肉体会消失，双手会干枯，可它们创造的真善美将永世长存。

4不要耗费生命积聚终将成土成灰的东西。与其追求物质，不如追求理想，因为唯独理想能赋予生命以意义，并具有永久的价值。

5一所房子加上爱就是一个家。一座城市加上正直就是一个社会。一堆红砖加上真理就是一所学校。最简陋的大厦加上信仰就是一座神殿。在人类无尽的努力之上加上正义就是文明。把这些放到一起，在当下的不足之上加以提升，加上人类得到救赎的前景，永远无争无求，你们就有了一个闪耀着绚丽的希望之光的未来。

TEXT B

READING COMPREHENSION

1.The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the

best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature.

2.Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense,their realism and their sense of poetry.

3.The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life.

4.The Chinese philosopher’s waking life is characterized by a dream-world quality,

and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless)

5.The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward

life and high-mindedness.

6.The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom,love of vagabondage,pride and nonchalance.

7.“Wake up and live”implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours

away.

8.The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that

new answers to the problems of life,new methods of approaches and new posing of problems are expected.

9.For most people,the Chinese mind is intensely practical,hard-headed;for the lovers of Chinese art,it is profoundly sensitive;and for a smaller proportion of people,it is poetic and philosophical.

10.The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese

have a light,an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life.

UNIT3A FEW WORDS FOR LOSING

COMPREHENSION

1Because sport is mainly about“astonishing salaries,hugely lucrative endorsements, television contract using numbers one is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks on astronomy”.

2Because even the great winners finally lose.

3There is always a feeling of sadness after the game.

4Life for many athletes was much downhill.

5It means the rank or status of the team.（球队排名）

6Human limitations might bring some sad situations.

7Some people are naturally gifted,but others are not.

8He would“fight”fearlessly,but he didn’t want it to be a“suicide attack”.

9Open.

10Open.

VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE

A

1lucrative2mortal3instill4wind up5prowess

6cowardly7cultivated8identified with9surmount10intact

B

1inglorious2fraught3cultivated4groomed5outset

6lucrative7tournament8intact9hang around10lapse into

C（略）

TRANSLATION

A

1人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。

2那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。

3光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。

4她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。

5他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。

6一天，匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。

这个男子威胁他，让他立即为他送些食物来。

7还不等我决定是谈还是不谈，我就看出来了，说也罢，沉默也罢，我的任何行动都不过是徒劳。

8俄国最大的进攻开始于6月22日，这是为了配合英美军队在西线的进攻。

B见译文部分。

1（略）

2但我个人一直认为，真正的体育故事其实讲的是失败。体育运动，通常是竞技运动，是一项即使那些伟大的胜者、传奇似的运动员也最终难逃败北下场的一种活动，即使没有其他原因，最终都会因为身体已力不从心，再也无法完成那些得心应手、曾使他们出类拔萃、不同凡响的作为而败出。

3自问世起，竞技运动就有排斥性，教的就是人的局限性的课程。有些孩子天生强于他人。在运动场上临时挑人组队的比赛中，总免不了有令人伤心的局面，有些男孩是最后才被选中的，通常是像流放到西伯利亚那样去棒球场的右外场，或被分配在橄榄球队的内线像采煤工那般干苦累活。

4体育还会给一个男孩第一个警示，这个世界是不公平的，天赋分配不均：一些男孩比别人跑得快，投得又狠又远，跳得高，事情就是这样。在所有运动项目中，智能性训练经常可以提高技能，但也只到一定限度。那些有体育天赋的孩子—每所校园似乎都有一名—很少会被那些靠苦练获得技能的人超过。这个世界显然不是一个公平的地方。

5但是有人纳闷，运动中的失败归根结底是不是比胜利更像真实的生活。这么说并非想言之过度沮丧，生活中有些人一度会过得比他人好得多，但到头来我们都是输家：意想不到的事让我们跌跟头，我们遭受挫折，很少有人能完好无损地通过或接近终点。死亡率—说来也妙—保持在整数的百分之百，而且比赛结束后，可能是谁也不会像夺冠后的美国棒球和橄榄球运动员喜欢说的那样，去迪斯尼世界(Disney World)。为获胜者欢呼三次，但为我们这些不是赢家的人留几声欢呼，掌声对我们用处更大。

UNIT4THE FUTURE OF BOOKS

COMPREHENSION

1.Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types:organic memory represented by

human brain;mineral memory represented by clay tablets,obelisks and electronic memory of today’s computer;and vegetal memory represented by the first papyruses and books made of paper.

2.According to Umberto Eco,the libraries function as the places for conservation of

books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom. 3.“Universal brain”means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten

and what we still do not know.

4.According to paragraph2,humans invent libraries because they know that they do

not have divine powers,but they try to do their best to imitate them.

5.In the computer and Internet era,libraries should not be abolished because they

should survive as museums conserving the past.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f18549366.html,pared with reading on a computer screen,reading printed books is the better

way for us to read carefully,to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f18549366.html,pared with computers,books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans

computers can’t:books still represent the most economical,flexible way to transport information at a very low cost;books travel with you and at your speed;

it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.

8.Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows:one is printing on demand,

namely,every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer;the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.

9.“The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too

simplistic.”What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete,that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else.Rather,a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.

10.In the computer and internet era,people fear the physical disappearance of books

and printed material;but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material.

VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE

A

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8f18549366.html,anic

2.designate

3.emulate

4.abolish

5.speculated

6.shipwreck

7.manuscript

8.masterpiece

9.obsolete10.contribute to

B

1.option

2.flexible

3.reproduce

4.preservation

5.retrieve

6.divine

7.diffuse

8.on the verge of

9.browse10.memory

C

1.poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality

2.a group an organization a club an association a tribe

3.act for answer for stand for long for prepare for

4.eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece

5.predictable preschool prewar previous preliminary

6.reproduce revise remove review rewrite

TRANSLATION

A

1晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。

2这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。

3遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。

4我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。

5他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。

6如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？

7欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。

8勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。

B见译文部分。

1数百年来，图书馆一直是保存我们集体智慧最重要的方式。它们始终都是一种全人类的大脑，让我们得以从中寻回遗忘，发现未知。请允许我使用如下暗喻：图书馆是一种最可能被人类效仿的神的智慧，有了它，就可在同一时刻看到并理解整个宇宙。

2到目前为止，书籍仍然代表着最经济和最灵活的信息传输方式，而且成本非常低廉。电脑交流跑在你前面，书却会与你同行，而且步伐一致。

3我属于这样一种人，始终相信印刷书籍仍然有未来，相信在其他诸种恐惧中，或者在对某种东西将要终结的千年恐惧中，包括世界末日的恐惧中，书籍要消失的所有恐惧只是最不可能发生的例子。

4书仍将是不可或缺的，这不仅仅是为了识读，也是为了创造仔细阅读所需要的环境，不仅仅是为了接受信息，也是为了对信息进行沉思和反应。

5新技术必然导致旧技术废弃的想法往往过于简单化。照相术发明后，虽然画家们感到没有必要再像匠人那样复制现实了，但这并不意味着达盖尔的发明仅仅催生了抽象画法。

TEXT B

READING COMPREHENSION

1.Texts differ from dictionaries in that dictionaries are a linguistic or an

encyclopedic system,while texts reduce the infinite possibilities of a system.(or...give many possible items,while texts are a closed universe.)

2.The Arabian Nights,Little Red Riding Hood and Finnegan’s Wake are cited in the

passage to clarify the point that despite many possible ways to interpret them,the

texts are finite and limited.

3.One mistaken belief of the deconstructionists is that you have any freedom to

interpret the text.(or you can do anything you want with a text)

4.The first possibility of using hypertextual strategies to“open”up a finite and

limited text is to enrich the story by successive contributions of different authors.(or allow different authors to develop the story)

5.Another way to make a text infinite is that at narrative disjunction,many authors

can make many different choices.

6.The production of unlimited texts differs from already-produced texts in that the

latter may be interpreted in infinite ways but are physically limited.

7.In a more liberated society,free creativity will coexist with the interpretation of

the already written text.

8.Because the pre-established sequences of words and pages in the text stop us from

inventing anything.

9.Readers can’t modify the fate of the characters in the already written book

because it is decided by repressive authorial decision.

10.The purpose of this article is to clarify the difference between free creativity in

producing texts and limited freedom in interpreting the already-produced texts.

UNIT5SCIENTISTS,SCHOLARS,KNAVES AND

FOOLS

Comprehension

1(a).What relationship between science and the humanities(此处课本中有误，见P106)can you learn from the first paragraph?

To some degree,science and the humanities have the same concern:The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion.In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge,Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry,and especially the humanities and sciences,intersect with each other.

1(b).Do you think science and religion can be reconciled?(Open.)

2(a).What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from pseudoscience?

In para.2,the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience:repeatability,economy,mensuration,heuristics and consilience.

2(b).Some label Acupuncture,Qigong,and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience.Do you agree? Open.

3(a).What point does Author make in paragraph4and paragraph5?

The author gives the topic sentence"The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating"at the beginning of para.4.

3(b).How does he backup his viewpoint?

In para.4,the author lists and analyses the reasons why it’s hard.In Para.5,the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting.

3(c).What example and quote does he use?

The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.'s in biology.

The quotation is from Percy Bridgman:"The scientific method is doing your damnedest,no holds barred."

4.Paragraph6-8discuss original discovery.How do these paragraphs relate to one another? Para.6first introduces the topic sentence"Original discovery is everything"and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research.

Para7and para.8are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast(make an important discovery,and...;Fail to discover,and...).

5(a).According to Alfred North Whitehead,why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world?

It’s because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery.They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest.

5(b).What does the greeting question"What are you working on"reveal?

It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature(making discoveries)and scientists are quite aware what is common among them.

6(a).Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made?Why?

No,they won't.Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new goals and make continuous efforts.

6(b).What's the difference between scientists and scholars in humanities?

According to Wilson,their research is of different nature:for scholars in the humanities the most valuable work is interpreting and explaining the existing factual knowledge while for scientists original discovery is everything.

7.Can scientists be defined as a social group with a set of beliefs,characters and motivations peculiar to them?

No,they can't.No particular beliefs,characters and motivations can be identified as the defining features.(See Para.9-11)

8(a).In what sense is scientific research an art?

There is no limitation on how to make a discovery.Scientists enjoy the freedom of applying different thinking skills and styles just like an artist.

8(b).What scientists should do in order to be highly successful?

A scientist who wants to achieve great success should not be afraid of trying new research areas where no previous research can be referred to and he has to decide everything by himself in the exploration.

8(c).According to the author,what intelligence level does normal science require?Why?

The author mentions it as optimum intelligence:On the one hand he should have the adequate intelligence which allows him to do some basic scientific research;on the other,his intelligence level should not be above the one for normal science,otherwise,he would find the mediocre work intolerably boring.

9(a).What advice does the author give to the novice scientists?

The author gives a lot of advice in the last paragraph.It's mainly about how to do scientific research and how to make your work known to and accepted by other scientists.

9(b).Suppose you have the plan to pursue academic study,what difficulties do you think you would have?(Open.)

10.Paraphrase the following figurative sentences:

a.Science is the sword in the stone that humanity finally pulled.

Science is the tool that the human race finally possesses.It has great potentials and is believed to empower and benefit mankind.

b.They spread out like foragers on a picket line,each alone or in small groups probing a carefully chosen,narrow sector.

Similar to those who scatter around the rope along which horses are tied and begin to search widely for food or provisions,scientists,with particular research tasks in their minds,either working individually or cooperating with others,are desperate to make discoveries.

c.They are fellow prospectors pressing deeper into an abstracted world,content

most of the time to pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the mother lode. Like those who work together to search for minerals,they push themselves forward and explore deeply into their research areas.They feel satisfied whenever there is a clue to their research,but they would not stop moving forward until real breakthroughs are made.

d.Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.

Just like the tax accounts taxpayers generally receive in April,some scientists are not very easily aroused or excited.They tend to act in a businesslike way.

e.To be highly successful the scientist must be confident enough to steer for blue water,abandoning sight of land for a while.

A scientist who wants to achieve great success should have trust in his own abilities and be keen on doing pioneering work which is full of risks and uncertainties,without any help from previous research.

Vocabulary and structure

A

1)diagnostic2)at most3)spreading out4)elitists5)driven

6)set foot on7)at large8)utilitarian9)for its own sake10)ethos

B

1)sift2)Admittedly3)diagnostic4)counseled5)notwithstanding

6)steer7)probed8)presumptuous9)strewn with10)follows up

C

1)ambition,objective,success,goal,victory

2)treasure,collector,critic,gallery,work

3)acquire,apply,broaden,extend,improve

4)experimental,natural,medical,behavioral,social

5)symmetry,parasite,pregnancy,science,gene

6)presumptuous,gregarious,generous,courageous,ferocious

7)productive,reclusive,compulsive,decisive,exclusive

8)marine,merge,oceanic,soil,plot,division,

D

1.the

2.on

3.for

4.which

5.and

6.correct

7.back8.correct9.to10.so11.is12.correct Translation（略）

Text B

Reading Comprehension

1because our modern understanding of medieval life has been distorted through a 19th-century lens.

2English

3Dryden and Shakespeare’s words,Issac Newton and his contemporaries’scientific writings and dictionaries

4It used to be the dominating language in Europe.

5Not directly.Because this happens before the rise of English.

6Chinese,Spanish,Arabic and English

7Japanese:declining;Chinese:rising

8Open(It is expanding.)

9Open(through media–film,TV,publications or through political/economic/cultural influence

10No.The number of people who use it as a second language will be more important.