SAT官方推荐书目
Classic Cultural and Historical Texts:
Source: https://www.360docs.net/doc/90445814.html,/student/plan/boost-your-skills/23628.html
A NOTE ON LEXILES:
The Lexile measure of a book refers to its text difficulty only. A Lexile measure does not take the subject matter or content of the book into consideration. Lexile measures are based on two well-established predictors of how difficult a text is to comprehend: word frequency and sentence length. Many factors other than these affect the relationship between a reader and a book, including its content, the age and interests of the reader, and the design of the actual book. The Lexile measure is a good starting point in the book-selection process, with these other factors then being considered. Parents and educators should preview books to make sure they are at the appropriate developmental level for the child and also meet their own community standards.
WCPS students in grades 6 through 10 take the Scholastic Reading Inventory, which produces a Lexile Score. Higher Lexile measures represent a higher level of reading ability. A student’s Lexile range for independent reading is from 100L below to 50L above his or her reported Lexile measure.
For more information, visit The Lexile Framework for Reading website at
https://www.360docs.net/doc/90445814.html,/using-lexile/lexile-at-home
新SAT考试真题
SAT考试真题-新老SAT写作对比写作单项发生巨变 4月16日新SAT官方样题发布，新东方上海学校VIP学习中心的老师们在第一时间窥视其具体改革的真实面貌，准确把握住了备考的方向。新东方VIP学习中心建议广大考生及家长不要过分担忧新SAT，踩准改革方向和考察重点是顺利应对新SAT的关键。 写作一直是许多考生在考试中的障碍，新SAT的改革在写作单项上也有一些变化，新东方VIP学习中心的老师对比了新老SAT考试的写作部分，总结出写作改革的重点，希望对广大考生带了帮助。 SAT Essay 还有一年半的时间我们就要迎接来新的SAT考试了，那么我们先来看一下新的SA T会有些什么改变： ·最早的一次新SAT考试会出现在2016年的春天 ·新的SAT考试会以2种形式出现：纸质版考试和电脑版考试(电脑版考试的考 点会根据的地区来确定) ·考试内容： (1) 询证式阅读和语法 (2) 数学 (3)作文 ·考试长度： (1)3个小时+50分钟的作文 (2) 具体时长会根据进一步的实验再做决定 ·考试分数：1600 (1) 询证式阅读+语法：800分 (2)数学：800分 (3) 作文：单独出分数(可选，但是大部分学校会要求作文分数) SAT写作改革重点： 重新改革的SAT将会更加贴近美国高中教育同时配合美国大学人才的需求。新的SAT作文考试会更加侧重学生能不能够完全适应美国大学里面的学术写作要求，日常的作业，和论文的完成等。所以，新的SAT作文考试要求学生首先具备一些基本的英语写作素养，比如说，遣词造句的能力，表达的能力，构建文章的能力。除此之外，新的考试会更关注于学生整体的读与写的能力，包括逻辑思维能力，辩证性思维能力，独立思考能力，论证能力，辩述能力，分析文章能力等。
教你如何去写SAT作文
教你如何去写SAT作文 在SAT写作考试中，考生想要写出一篇完美的文章是很不容易的，那我们应该在备考时怎样去屑SAT作文呢？下面三立小编为你带来教你如何去写SAT 作文，让你学到技巧，减少分数的丢失，希望对你有所帮助，更多资讯请访问三立在线教育，专业老师为你在线解答相关疑问。 DIRECTIONS The essay gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. In your essay, you should demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely. 第一段提出了明确要求： 1. read the passage carefully 认真阅读文章; 2. present a clear and logical analysis 分析清楚有逻辑性; 3. use language precisely 言简意赅。 第一段也说明了写作立场：you …read…a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage。对别人的文章进行阅读分析，而不是表达自己的情感或者观点。 Your essay must be written on the lines provided in your answer booklet; except for the Planning Page of the answer booklet, you will receive no other paper on which to write. You will have enough space if you write on every line, avoid wide margins, and keep your handwriting
2008年10月SAT写作真题及要点解答
2008年10月SAT写作真题及要点解答 95.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10) We are frequently told that compromise is the best way for people to work out their differences.When people compromise,with each side losing a little in order to reach a satisfactory agreement,both sides can continue to live in harmony.However,compromise can work only when the issues at stake are not that https://www.360docs.net/doc/90445814.html,promise does not work when there is a genuine difference of opinion about strongly held principles or ideas. Assignment:Is compromise always the best way to resolve a conflict? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue.Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience,or observation. 96.Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below:(2008.10) People usually assume that the quality of a decision is directly related to the time and effort that went into making it.We believe that we are always better off gathering as much information as possible and then spending as much time as possible analyzing that information.But there are times when making a quick judgment is the best thing to do.Decisions made quickly can be as good as decisions made slowly and
新SAT写作评分标准详细解读
新SAT写作评分标准详细解读 三立在线SAT频道为大家带来新SAT写作评分标准详细解读一文，希望对大家SAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注三立在线SAT频道! 一、新SAT写作如何评分 新SAT写作评分标准在OG里分为三个方面：阅读、分析和写作。每部分的分数为1-4分。考生可得到的分数为2-8分。新SAT对写作字数没有硬性要求，一般写到500单词左右即可。文章以5段为宜。那具体通过哪些方面来评分呢? 首先，作文能够明确辨识文章的中心观点、证据和各种写作手法。第二，作文能够评估理解文章证据、展开方式，修辞手法的作用和使用价值。第三，作文能够准确选择和引用文中细节语句辅助自己文章的展开。最后，作文是一篇高效组织的学术文章。另外，语言的规范也尤其重要，这里语言规范指语言表达的正确性，这包括多变的句式(不一定全是倒装句、强调句等)、精确的词汇(不一定复杂)、适当的从句(定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句等)，但需要避免口语化的表达。 总的来说，新SAT写作要求以下几个方面：1. Make a claim. 2. Organize your argument. 3. Switch up your sentences. 4. Choose smart words. 5. Use an academic tone. 6. Use good grammar. 二、新SAT写作框架
首段是Intro段，本段清楚地表达作者的观点。 支撑段为body paragraph段。每个body paragraph段有个中心的claim 和相应的evidence. Evidence 包括：facts事实，credible sources可靠信息来源，examples例子。在支撑段中会用到很多修辞手法，常见的有：metaphor 暗喻，appeal to emotion诉诸情感，comparison/contrast比较对比，word choice词汇选择，repetition重复，propaganda夸大宣传。 结尾段是conclusion段，深化作者的argument. 三、写作模板例证 Example 1 (from OG) 首段：In response to our world’s growing reliance on artificial light,writer Paul Bogard argues that natural darkness should be preserved in his article “Let There Be Dark”. He effectively builds his argument by using a personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions. (最后一句即为thesis statement) Body paragraph 1: Bogard starts his article off by recounting a personal story –a summer spent on a Minnesota lake where there was “woods so dark that his hands disappeared before his eyes” Body paragraph 2: Bogard’s argument is also furthered by his use of allusion to …
新 SAT 写作题型解读
新SAT写作题型解读 本文以College Board给出的官方练习题“Let There Be Dark”为例，深入了解新SAT写作（Essay）题型的写作要求以及应对方法。让同学们学会解读题干，了解写作评分标准。 接下来是新SAT写作题型解读，以“Let There Be Dark”（原文链接）官方练习题为例，给大家梳理写作需要大家注意的要点。 一.考试性质 虽然新SAT写作的官方定位为「任选」（optional）项，但事实上，这只是针对拥有选择权的大学来说。对于考生本身，就算目前所申请的学校不需要提供新SAT作文成绩，也不能保证之后申请的学校也不需要，所以早点通过可以有备无患，不必额外花钱重新参加一次考试，避免耗时耗力。事实上美国排名靠前的大学（如普林斯顿、耶鲁）都明确提出要求考生提供新SAT写作成绩，这说明新SAT写作虽然名义上是「选考」，但对于那些想进名校的考生来说，实际上是「必考」。退一步讲，而且就算考生申请的学校不要求提供新SAT写作成绩，如果附上，也算作加分项。如此锦上添花的事，何乐而不为呢？ 新SAT写作共50分钟，在这段时间里，考生需要阅读一篇文章，并据此写出一篇逻辑严谨、结构清晰的分析性文章。需要注意的是，考生本身不能对文章观点做出评判，只需要立足原文客观分析其论证过程即可，这是新SAT写作和老SAT写作最大的不同之处。 二.题干解读 新SAT写作题目包括两个引导和一篇文章。需要注意的是，两个引导部分的大部分内容是固定的。引导1点明新SAT写作的三个层面，即考生需要从「论据」（evidence）、「逻辑」（reasoning）和「修辞」（stylistic or persuasive elements）三方面展开分析。「论据」是作者用来证明观点成立的依据，包括事实、数据、实验结果、个人经历等；「逻辑」是作者的论证思路，即借助论据证明观点成立的过程。「修辞」侧重作者的语言表达和情感激发对读者的说服作用。引导2一方面会给出作者的结论，提示考生选用文中最有代表性的论证手法进行分析，不必面面俱到；另一方面会提示考生，写作应该立足于分析原作者的论证过程，而不能表露自己个人对原文观点的认同或者反对。 阅读文章是一篇议论文，字数在650到750之间，来源多为已出版发行的报刊杂志，如The Economist，New York Times，Washington Post等。文章题材多元，涵盖文学、艺术、科学、政治、社会等各个层面，但专业性不强，考生即使没有专业背景也可以读懂。
新SAT写作变为选考三大原因介绍
新SAT写作变为选考三大原因介绍若不是考生所申请的学校要求提供作文成绩，考生是能够自主选择是不是参加此项考试。但果真是这样的吗?根据最新SAT出台后，针对选考的设定出现了许多的争论。实际上所谓选考只是针对拥有选择权的学校来说，而针对广大考生，名为「选考」，实为「必考」，所以以下介绍了新SAT写作变为选考三大原因。 理由一：美国顶尖大学的要求 美国大部分大学，尤其是排名考前的大学，全部需要大家提供新SAT写作成绩。到现在为止美国排名前10的大学中，已经有了4 所大学在官方文件里明确表示要大家提交新SAT写作成绩，它们是普林斯顿、耶鲁、斯坦福和加州理工。其中只有2所大学(哥伦比亚和宾夕法尼亚)表示了根本不要大家提供新SAT写作成绩，但是剩下的4 所大学(哈佛、芝加哥、麻省理工和杜克大学)还没有给出针对新SAT 写作的具体申明。此外现在排名在20 位、在中国学生中知名度较高的加州伯克利也明确提出要求考生提供新SAT写作成绩。这5所大学对新SAT 写作的态度代表了一种趋势，即大部分学校，特别是排名靠前的大学，非常看重考生的新SAT 写作成绩。所以如果你的目标是这些一流大学的话，新SAT 写作于你而言便是「必考」项了。 理由二：新SAT写作成绩可以成为加分项 介绍了有关针对新SAT 写作的态度，有一些学校尽管不明确要求考生提供，但「推荐」考生提供，比如排名第14 的布朗大学。表示了若大家在申请材料中附上作文成绩，会是一个加分项。此点同样适用在还没有给出对新SAT 写作态度的大学，例如上文提及的哈佛、芝加哥、麻省理工和杜克，还有全美排名在10-20 之间的约翰霍普斯金大学、达特茅斯学院、西北大学、康奈尔大学、范德堡大学、圣路易斯华盛顿大学和莱斯大学。实际上大部分
SAT考试写作步骤详解
SA T考试写作步骤详解 SA T写作考试对中国考生来说是比较有难度的，大家在备考的时候，掌握一定顺序的SA T 写作步骤是十分有好处的。为了让大家更好的理解SA T写作步骤，下面分成了4个部分，进行了详细的介绍，下面教你SA T写作步骤，希望大家都可以掌握。 想要掌握适合自己的SA T写作步骤，考生需要明白在自己的SA T写作中大致要做的工作有哪些： 首先，大家需要在开篇亮出自己的观点。 其次，要清楚且富有逻辑地论证自己的观点。 最后，在写完后一定要留出时间检查自己的文章，尽可能避免犯一些小的拼写或语法错误。 SA T写作步骤：头脑风暴，列提纲，写作和检查。 这四步看起来非常的普通，和我们平时的写作很像。但是，SA T写作有自己的要求和考试的特点，而且时间非常紧张，需要大家经过一定时间的练习才能达到。 下面具体来解释一下这几个SA T写作步骤： 一、头脑风暴 首先看到SA T写作的题目，根据Prompt和assignment来确定自己的写作观点，然后再寻找相关的例子来支持自己的观点。这里一定要确保自己所选择的立场能够有至少两个例子来支撑。 二、列提纲 一旦确定了自己的SA T写作观点，接下来要做的是就是迅速列出行文的提纲。用两至三个例子来支持自己的观点。要确保所有的例子都能很切题地论证自己的观点。接下来，需要给自己的例子排序，以使他们能够更好地支持自己的观点。 三、写作 在SA T写作步骤中，正式的写作过程一定要仔细地跟随自己的提纲，但是在例子的选择上可以具有一定的弹性。因为大家在写作的过程中可能会突然想到一个新的例子。如果你觉得这个例子比之前想到的例子要好，那就迅速取代它。 什么样的例子才算是好例子呢? 好的例子首先要切题，也就是能够充分地论证自己的观点，而不是为了写例子而写例子。例子最好是关于时事、文学、历史的。当然很多关于个人经验的例子也可以论证自己的观点，但是全都是关于自己的例子不具有权威性，也很难让阅卷官喜欢。 四、检查 如果可以，在最后一定要留出3分钟左右的时间从头到尾检查一下自己的文章，确保自己没有任何拼写上的错误，尽可能减少语法上的错误。 以上就是关于SA T写作步骤的全部内容，通过上面所介绍的SA T写作步骤，大家可以在备考的时候，进行适当的练习，在练习的过程中，一定要对时间问题进行更加严格的把握，以免在考试的时候发生时间不够的情况。 更多信息请查询四达教育官网：https://www.360docs.net/doc/90445814.html,
月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：满分写作范文解析
月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：满分写作范文解析
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2015年1月新SAT官方新样题第一时间解读：满分写作范文解析 本次官方给出了两道样题，北京新东方张卉老师针对第一篇样题（节选自Paul Bogard 于2012.12.21发表在《洛杉矶时报》的“Let There Be Dark.”）的满分作文进行了官方得分理由的第一时间解读。 满分作文（阅读部分4分，理解部分4分，写作部分4分） 阅读理解部分---4分：这篇作文通过熟练的间接引用--转述技巧（paraphrases）和直接引用技巧（direct quotations）展现出了对材料文章全面充分的理解能力。作者用简洁的语言概括了Bogard’s piece这篇文章的主旨，即(natural darkness should be preserved; we must preserve true, unaffected darkness)，并从材料文章中找寻证据来说明作者如何支持主旨：如提及作者用个人轶事来开篇；提及Bogard对Paris’ reputation as “The City of Ligh t”这一历史典故的引用。考生并未直接引用大段的作者原文，而是用自己简洁精确的转述语言来全面解读Bogard 的这篇argument，考生能够清晰有条理的说明Bogard如何使用细节来支持主旨。这篇文章没有对材料文章事实的误读或曲解。总而言之，此文反映出了考生优秀的阅读理解技巧。 分析能力部分—4分：北京新东方张卉老师通过结合官方理由解读，这篇满分文章展现了考生深刻透彻的分析能力并展现出考生对分析技巧这一要求的深刻理解。考生认真全面地解释了Bogard如何通过使用个人轶事，艺术和历史引喻，修辞手段等方法来展开他的议论。例如：考生分析了Bogard为何采用个人轶事这一手段来进行开篇，并描述了作者采用这一方法对读者产生的整体效果，如(In telling this brief anecdote, Bogard challenges the audience to remember a time where they could fully amass themselves in natural darkness void of artificial light. By drawing in his readers with a personal encounter...the author means to establish the potential for beauty, glamour, and awe-inspiring mystery that genuine darkness can possess.... This ane cdote provides a baseline of sorts for readers to find credence with the author’s claims. ) 括号 中这一有说服力的逻辑链表明了考生从手段功能性和读者效果性两个方面，全面地理解了Bogard采用个人轶事这一方式开篇的作用。这种深刻的分析在通篇都展现得非常明显，此文反映出了考生优秀的分析技巧。 写作能力部分—4分：这篇文章行文连贯结构紧密，展现出考生极高的语言运用掌握能力。这篇文章有清晰明确的主旨，即：(He effectively builds his argument by using personal anecdote, allusions to art and history, and rhetorical questions)，篇章的主体段紧密围绕着Bogard的原文的三个主要主体部分进行结构展开。每一段的段落内部的观点递进也清晰严谨。考生开头段和结尾段的写作技巧纯熟简明，并很好的概括了Bogard的主旨及其全篇分析结构。考生全篇用词准确和措辞得当，(the natural magnificence of stars in a dark sky is definite, our world consumed by unnatural, vapid lighting, the affecting power of an untainted night sky). 文章句式 变换多样，且使用了很多高级的复杂句(By doing this, Bogard creates a dichotomy between Paris’ traditionally alluded-to name and the reality of what Paris is becoming –no longer “the city
新sat作文范文
Is the Vietnam War a wise choice? Martin Luther King Jr., the famous leader of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, stated his opinion that it was totally wrong to start that war. Meanwhile, in order to strengthen his opinion, rhetorical devices, such as parallel, contrast, irony, personal anecdote, quotation, were utilized in his speech, which made his speech more persuasive and evoked the audience to stand by his side Throughout the whole passage, the use of contrast presented two extreme opposite sides, which highlighted the difference and conflicts between what is shown on TV screens to the reality of the society; the rhetorical device of parallel showed strong artistic expression of contend, which strengthened the speaker’s point of view concerning how the miserable situation the poor are facing with; it is the personal anecdote illustrated an undeniable truth of his own experience of convincing angry young men that described his opinion
SAT essay写作真题官方满分范文精选1
Essay2:Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue.Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,studies,experience,or observations
In a world where economic prosperity and“getting ahead”in work and technology are highly valued,creativity and the arts are often shunted in favor of more“practical”pursuits.Students abandon dreams of acting or painting in order to major in medicine,computer technology,or engineering:highly profitable and scientific fields.Even with the advances in these fields,however,there is still a need for creativity in our world,because seeing things in a new way can make all the difference. Today,more and more public schools are forced to abandon their arts programs to make time for subjects like science and math:subjects in which all students must have a basic knowledge in order to succeed in higher education.However,by leaving these programs behind, children are deprived of the creative stimulation that the arts provide,and are taught to view the world in“black and white”terms:one right answer to every problem.With a view such as this, how will children perform in the future?It may be assumed that all people will see things the same way,and propose only one solution to a problem,failing to see the bigger picture. Creativity has obviously influenced earlier generations in a positive way,so there is no need to eliminate creativity from our world.What would have happened if Franklin Roosevelt had never proposed his New Deal?The Great Depression might have persisted for some time,robbing even more families of their chance at prosperity and happiness.However,by proposing a new, creative solution for the problem of the U.S.’s depression,FDR pulled the nation out of its slump. Another example of how creativity has positively influenced the world happened just recently, with the introduction of hybrid cars.These new cars do not rely on as much oil as other cars do in
作文范文之sat作文题目汇总
sat作文题目汇总 【篇一：2014年sat写作题目汇总】 2014年sat写作题目汇总 2014.01.25 1. 2. 3. successful than those who do? 4. forward? 2014.03.08 5.assignment: should people who are more fortunate than others have more of a moral obligation to help those who are less fortunate? 6. 7. 2014.05.03 8. achievements? 9.assignment: should we express our disagreement with authority figures权威人物, even if there are negative consequences? assignment: should people focus on enjoying the present moment instead of following a plan for future achievement? 2014.06.07 achievement? another? 2014年10月 ice? assignment: is envy necessarily a bad thing? 2014年11月8日 assignment: is quitting ever a good idea? assignment: should we complain to get what we want? 2014年12月6日 assignment: are snap judgments better than decisions to which people give a lot of thought? assignment: is most of what people buy totally unnecessary?
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GET经典做题答题模式， 稳拿基础分！ 新SAT的短文涉及阅读一篇原文，然后写篇短文对原文进行分析。得分包括阅读理解（reading）、分析(analysis)和写作（writing）三部分。每部分满分四分。考试时间50分钟。 第一部分：阅读技巧（萃取材料） 1.先读短文后作文题目，标出关键词句，搞清楚靶子在哪里； 2.阅读原文标题，标出作者和原文标题，以备引用； 3.标出原文中的引句、反问句； 4.在每个段落旁边注明此段落属性：话题、论据、风格、说服方式、写作技巧； 5.标出中心思想或话题（main ideas or claim）的句子； 6.标出可以引用的句子。 第二部分：分析和构思（组合材料）
步骤（一）：把论据分组，整理出一组最合适作文题目的论据（Evidence）和要说明的议题（Claim），建立逻辑关系； 步骤（二）：在这组的论据里，提出所用的风格、说服方式、写作技巧（Stylistic, persuasive elements : word choice, appeals to emotion)的具体应用和达到的效果； 步骤（三）：对原文的诉求和具体论述方法作个总结: 作文的中心思想。 具体做法： 1.把原文中的论据分类，分出可分类的论据和通用的论据； 2.取出最有力的一类论据（evidence）和通用论据建立与中心思想或某个话题（Main idea 或Claim ）的关系。用线条把它们连接起来； 3.理出原文的开头、结尾或某一段落的具体方法和技巧。标记在段落旁边。标出可以引用的原文句子； 4.深入分析原文中要用的一组证据和Claim 的关联和逻辑，所用的风格、说服方式、写作技巧（Stylistic, persuasive elements : word choice, appeals to emotion)的具体做法和效果。标记在旁边。同时标出准备引用的原文句子；
sat写作题目大全
Sat写作题目大全 sat写作对于很多童鞋来说都是一件头疼的事情，今天小编就为大家汇总整理了sat写作题目大全，希望可以帮助到大家! 1. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3) Assignment: Is the opinion of the majority—in government or in any other circumstances—a poor guide? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation. 2. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3) Assignment: Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observation. 3. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2005.3)
2005-2015亚洲考区SAT写作真题题库
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去喜马拉雅关注“写作鲍老师” 3 Challenge authority/independent thinking/creativity 1. (2005.5) Does worrying too much about other people’s opinions prevent us from seeing things clearly? 2. (2012.6) Should people care for others' opinions, or take a stand against opinions that they think are wrong? Most people try to be fair to others and respect their opinions. It is sometimes difficult, however, to be open to and accepting of all opinions, especially when the people expressing them are obviously uninformed or mean -spirited. It is more important to point out to others what they are doing and saying wrong than to try to tolerate every opinion. 3. (2008.6) Are widely held views often wrong, or are such views more likely to be correct? When someone has the same ideas or views as most people do, we tend to believe that the person is reasonable and correct. Often, however, views that are considered reasonable or commonsensical are anything but sensible. Many widely held views regarding current events, science, education, arts and literature, and many other topics ultimately prove to be wrong. The fact that an idea or view is widespread —held by many people —does not make it right. 4. (2007.11) Is criticism ---judging or finding fault with the ideas and actions of others --- essential for personal well -being and social progress? All people judge or criticize the ideas and actions of others. At times, these criticisms hurt or embarrass the people receiving them. Other criticisms seem to be intended to make the critics appear superior. And yet criticism is essential to our success as individuals and as a society. 5. (2011. 10) Are people better off if they do not listen to criticisms? Although most of us do not like being criticized, it is said tha t we can always benefit from being told what we are doing wrong. We may lose a valuable learning opportunity if we do not listen to the criticisms expressed by others. Yet criticism, even when honest and well -intended, can be more harmful than helpful. We have more to gain by ignoring or shielding ourselves from the criticisms of others. 6. (2015.5) Should we always think before we speak? From the time we are very young, we are cautioned to think before we speak. That is good advice if it helps us word our thoughts more clearly. But reflecting on what we are going to say before we say it is not a good idea if doing so causes us to censor ou r true feelings because others might not like what we say. In fact, if we always