培根论读书原文及翻译赏析

For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.

Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.

Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man

write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (Studie s go to make up a man’s character.)

Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach ; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,

let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. (Hair-splitters sim-mini sek-torr-es) If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

Of Study培根论读书原文+翻译

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse;and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。 Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are,like common distilled waters, flashy things. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。 Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。

培根论读书读后感

培根《论读书》读后感姓名：赵雅琴学号：2011134057 专业：2011级汉语言文学

力量之始，精神之源 ——培根《论读书》读后感有一份心情，我们从未停下脚步去追寻；有一份梦想，我们从未放下翅膀去采撷。读书之梦、之乐。关于读书，我们保存着心情，娱情，写实以记录精彩人生。 ——题记 “读书可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。”文章一开始就指出读书的目的。“消遣、装饰、增长才干”。犹如站立在一片浩瀚大海之前，我们张开双臂，拥抱清新空气与灿烂阳光。弗朗西斯.培根，是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文作家，唯物主义哲学家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。”他不但在文学，哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域内，也取得了重大成就。他是经历过生活坎坷磨难的贵族子弟，生活的磨难使他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。她的整个世界观是现世的而非宗教的，她崇尚理性主义，是一位经验论者和现实主义者。《论读书》是培根较为重要的作品之一，其中提出了读书的重要性等。其实一个学生似乎已然对读书这一名词并不陌生，而读书之好、之乐、之用，我们却如婴孩，仍在认识世界里处于感知阶段。怎样去读书？培根在文章中将书籍比作食品，或浅尝、或吞咽、或仔细咀嚼、或请人代读，都是较为科学且蕴含哲学意味的方式了。读书的重要性，培根则是较为重点的进行论述了。他指出：“读书可作为消遣，可作

为装饰，可增长才干。”实际静心、专心，莫不是如此！我们的世界里，书书本本并不是什么难见之物，似乎它们已是如同空气分子一般的存在。而我们，是不是有一份心情，一份追求去对待阅读呢？高尔基曾说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯”，林语堂也曾发文特指出阅读的好处，其实文人是应该最了解读书的好处的罢。“知识就是力量”“知识改变命运”等等关于知识，关于教育的口号，亦已显出读书作用了。或许，我们读书，是为了它的作用，而更多的，这是一份关于人生漫步的幽静小道，不是么？生命之源，源于力量；力量之起，起于精神；精神之始，始于我们思想文化内涵，而读书则真如一片浩瀚之海，拥有无尽的能量了。

(完整版)培根谈读书阅读答案

培根谈读书阅读答案导语：狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，惟明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。下面是小编为你整理的谈读书阅读附答案，希望对你有帮助！谈读书阅读答案读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则非好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，惟明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，味同嚼蜡矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，作文使人准确。因此不常作文者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天资聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学 ————来源网络搜集整理，仅供个人学习查参考

使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，漫步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖此辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。 1．给文段划分层次，并概括每层的大意。 __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 2．作者论述了读书的重要，为什么又说“不可尽信书上所言”？ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 3．加黑的句子用了什么修辞方法，有什么作用？ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________ 4．画直线的句子用了什么论证方法？用自己的话概括出这句的论点来。

诗经氓原文及注释翻译赏析等可直接打印

诗经两首一、氓氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。匪来贸丝，来即我谋。送子涉淇，至于顿丘。匪我愆期，子无良媒。将子无怒，秋以为期。乘彼垝垣，以望复关。不见复关，泣涕涟涟。既见复关，载笑载言。尔卜尔筮，体无咎言。以尔车来，以我贿迁。桑之未落，其叶沃若。于嗟鸠兮，无食桑葚。于嗟女兮，无与士耽。士之耽兮，犹可说也；女之耽兮，不可说也！桑之落矣，其黄而陨。自我徂尔，三岁食贫。淇水汤汤，渐车帏裳。女也不爽，士贰其行。士也罔极，二三其德。三岁为妇，靡室劳矣。夙兴夜寐，靡有朝矣。言既遂矣，至于暴矣。兄弟不知，咥其笑矣。静言思之，躬自悼矣。及尔偕老，老使我怨。淇则有岸，隰则有泮。总角之宴，言笑晏晏。

信誓旦旦，不思其反。反是不思，亦已焉哉！诗经两首——氓原文释义氓之蚩蚩（氓,(méng)：古义指男子；蚩蚩：老实的样子；之：结构助词，取消句子的独立性），抱布（货币，一说布匹）贸（买）丝。匪（通“非”，不是）来贸丝，来即我谋（来找我商量婚事。即：靠近；我谋：宾语前置）。送子（对男子的敬称）涉淇（渡过淇水。淇：淇水，卫国的河流），至（到）于顿丘（地名）。匪我愆期（推延日期。愆（qiān）：过，误），子无良媒。将（音（qiāng），请，希望）子无怒，秋以为期（把秋天当作婚期）。乘彼垝垣（登上那破旧的墙。乘：登上；垝垣：垝（guǐ），垝垣：破颓的墙），以（目的连词，来）望复关（诗中男子的住地。一说返回关来）。不见复关，泣涕涟涟（泪流貌）。既见复关，载（相当于连词“则”）笑载言。尔卜尔筮（你用龟甲和蓍草占卦。卜：用龟甲卜吉凶；筮（音诗）：用蓍草占吉凶），体无咎言（卦象没有不好的话。体：卦体，卦象；咎言：凶，不吉之言）。以尔车来，以（介词，把）我贿（财物，嫁妆）迁。桑之（结构助词，取消句子的独立性）未落，其叶沃若（润泽貌）。于嗟（相当于“吁嗟”，叹词）鸠（斑鸠。传说斑鸠吃桑葚过多会醉）兮，无食桑葚！于嗟女兮，无与士（指男子）耽（沉湎于爱情）！士之耽兮，犹可说（通“脱”）也。女之耽兮，不可说也。

培根论读书三种译文及英文原文

精品文档【原文】 Of Studies ——Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

《培根随笔》好句摘抄及部分赏析、读后感

《培根随笔》好句摘抄及部分赏析、读后感.txt让人想念而死，是谋杀的至高境界，就连法医也鉴定不出死因。。。。。。论求知求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论时，知识可供装饰。当你处世行事时，正确运用知识意味着力量。懂得事物因果的人是幸福的。有实际经验的人虽能够办理个别性的事务，但若要综观整体，运筹全局，却唯有掌握知识方能办到。求知太慢会弛惰，为装潢而求知是自欺欺人，完全照书本条条办事会变成偏执的书呆子。求知可以改进人和天性，而实验又可以改进知识本身。人的天性犹如野生的花草，求知学习好比修剪移栽。实习尝试则可检验修正知识本身的真伪。狡诈者轻鄙学问，愚鲁者羡慕学问，唯聪明者善于运用学问。知识本身并没有告诉人怎样运用它，运用的方法乃在书本之外。这是一门技艺。不经实验就不能学到。不可专为挑剔辩驳去读书，但也不可轻易相信书本。求知的目的不是为了吹嘘炫耀，而应该是为了寻找真理，启迪智慧。有的知识只须浅尝，有的知识只要粗知。只有少数专门知识需要深入钻研，仔细揣摩。所以，有的书只要读其中一部分，有的书只须知其中梗概即可，而对于少数好书，则要精读，细读，反复地读。有的书可以请人代读，然后看他的笔记摘要就行了。但这只限于质量粗劣的书。否则一本好书将象已被蒸馏过的水，变得淡而无味了！读书使人的头脑充实，讨论使人明辩是非，作笔记则能使知识精确。因此，如果一个人还原做笔记，他的记忆力就必须强而可靠。如果一个人只愿孤独探索，他的头脑就必须格外锐利。如果有人不读书又想冒充博学多知，他就必定很狡黠，才能掩饰他的无知。读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，伦理学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩。总之，“知识能塑造人的性格”。

【有美堂暴雨】原文注释、翻译赏析

【有美堂暴雨】原文注释、翻译赏析苏轼有美堂暴雨游人脚底一声雷，满座顽云拨不开。天外黑风吹海立，浙东飞雨过江来。十分潋滟金尊凸，千杖敲铿羯鼓催。唤起谪仙泉洒面，倒倾鲛室泻琼瑰。【译文及注释】 1、有美堂：嘉祐二年（1057），梅挚出知杭州，仁宗皇帝亲自赋诗送行,中有“地有吴山美，东南第一州”之句。梅到杭州后，就在吴山顶上建有美堂以见荣宠。欧阳修曾为他作《有美堂记》。 2、顽云：犹浓云。 3、潋滟(音敛艳)：水波相连貌。凸：高出。 4、敲铿：啄木鸟啄木声，这里借指打鼓声。羯（音竭）鼓：羯族传入的一种鼓。 5、谪仙：被贬谪下凡的仙人，指李白。贺知章曾赞美他为谪仙人。唐玄宗曾谱新曲，召李白作词。白已醉，以水洒面，使之清醒后，即时写了多篇。 6、鲛室：神话中海中鲛人所居之处，这里指海。琼瑰：玉石。【赏析】此诗通首描写暴雨，而前半篇与后半篇用的是两种手法。用

传统的术语来说，是前赋后比。它首联非常特征地写出了雨前一刹那的气氛。在拨不开的浓云堆积低空的时候，一声炸雷从云中钻出来了，预示暴雨即将来临。次联，三句是想象，四句是亲见。杜甫《朝献太清宫赋》有云：“九天之云下垂，四海之水旨立。”苏轼在此时不能不想到他敬爱的前辈所创造的这联惊人奇句，而随风而至的雨却已从东飞来，自然凑泊。在诗的后半，作者接连用了几个比喻来形容这场暴雨。一写雨势之来，竟如金杯中斟满的酒高出了杯面，二写雨声之急，竟如羯鼓被千枝鼓杖赶着打击，充满敲铿之声。也评苏轼当时正在有美堂中宴饮，筵中有鼓乐，所以见景生情，因近取譬。但诗人飞腾的想象并没有到此为止，他忽然想到他的另一位敬爱的前辈李白的故事。这一场暴雨也许是老天爷为了使醉中的李白迅速醒来，好写出许多气势如翻江倒海的诗篇，所以特地将雨洒在他的脸上吧。从而充分地表达了他的内心活动。暴雨是谁都经历过的，但只有诗人，才能够将生活中这种常见的、但又是稍纵即逝的景物赋予永恒的意义，从而显示了它的美。但必须注意的还在于苏轼写的是一座近海城市山上看到的暴雨，而不是在什么别的地方看到的；同时，他写的是一位诗人特有的想象和感受，而不是别人的想象和感受。

培根《谈读书》双语对照

Of Studies 培根《谈读书》双语对照 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。 To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. 读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，

培根《谈读书》课文原文阅读

培根《谈读书》课文原文阅读(部编本五年级上册) 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

【和春深二十首】原文注释、翻译赏析

【和春深二十首】原文注释、翻译赏析白居易和春深二十首何处春深好，春深富贵家。马为中路鸟，妓作后庭花。罗绮驱论队，金银用断车。眼前何所苦，唯苦日西斜。何处春深好，春深贫贱家。荒凉三径草，冷落四邻花。奴困归佣力，妻愁出赁车。途穷平路险，举足剧褒斜。何处春深好，春深执政家。凤池添砚水，鸡树落衣花。诏借当衢宅，恩容上殿车。延英开对久，门与日西斜。何处春深好，春深方镇家。通犀排带胯，瑞鹘勘袍花。飞絮冲球马，垂杨拂妓车。戎装拜春设，左握宝刀斜。何处春深好，春深刺史家。阴繁棠布叶，歧秀麦分花。五疋鸣珂马，双轮画轼车。和风引行乐，叶叶隼旟斜。

何处春深好，春深学士家。凤书裁五色，马鬣剪三花。蜡炬开明火，银台赐物车。相逢不敢揖，彼此帽低斜。何处春深好，春深女学家。惯看温室树，饱识浴堂花。御印提随仗，香笺把下车。宋家宫样髻，一片绿云斜。何处春深好，春深御史家。絮萦骢马尾，蝶绕绣衣花。破柱行持斧，埋轮立驻车。入班遥认得，鱼贯一行斜。何处春深好，春深迁客家。一杯寒食酒，万里故园花。炎瘴蒸如火，光阴走似车。为忧鵩鸟至，只恐日光斜。何处春深好，春深经业家。唯求太常第，不管曲江花。折桂名惭郄，收萤志慕车。官场泥铺处，最怕寸阴斜。何处春深好，春深隐士家。野衣裁薜叶，山饭晒松花。

兰索纫幽佩，蒲轮驻软车。林间箕踞坐，白眼向人斜。何处春深好，春深渔父家。松湾随棹月，桃浦落船花。投饵移轻楫，牵轮转小车。萧萧芦叶里，风起钓丝斜。何处春深好，春深潮户家。涛翻三月雪，浪喷四时花。曳练驰千马，惊雷走万车。余波落何处，江转富阳斜。何处春深好，春深痛饮家。十分杯里物，五色眼前花。铺啜眠糟瓮，流涎见麴车。杜甫诗云：路见麴车口流涎。中山一沉醉，千度日西斜。何处春深好，春深上巳家。兰亭席上酒，曲洛岸边花。弄水游童棹，湔裾小妇车。齐桡争渡处，一匹锦标斜。何处春深好，春深寒食家。玲珑镂鸡子，宛转彩球花。碧草追游骑，红尘拜扫车。

培根《论学习》翻译(中英对照)

OF STUDY STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be

培根论读书赏析

T o B e a Full Man from Reading We all know that study can cultivate a man and even make a full man. A full man should have a positive view of world, life and value, which is usually based on a balanced knowledge system. And how can we obtain this necessary knowledge Of Studies is the answer to this question. In Bacon's essay Of Studies, reading piirposes and functions are discussed in detail. Bacon also analyzes the different attitudes to reading and introduces various methods of reading. Above all. Bacon tells us how to be a full man from reading. In the very beginning, Bacon points out that reading can serve for delight, for ornament. and for ability. We can see that reading has three functions. It delights you; it beautifies you; and it strengthens your ability. The author also says that their chief use for delight is in private life and retiring. That is to say, when you stay aione, book is your best com panion which eases loneliness and brings happiness. If you are really absorbed in the book, you may not feel lonely. *Tor ornament, is in discourse』When communicating or negotiating with others, knowledge learned from books can make you decent and educated. In other words. reading beautifies you in that occasion. "And for ability, is in the judgment and disposition/* Faced with affairs, an expert man can judge of particulars one by one. But to general people. he should act decisively. It means he can hold the whole situation and think out a plan. Where does this kind of ability come from Reading. If you read all kinds of books, you are able to taste what might not happen to you in real life, and then ask yourself what you would do in that situation. Reading helps you make fewer mistakes. For that, you can learn mistake exam pies from books so that you may make no mistakes when you are in the same situation. According to the essay, reading perfects peopk's nature. Tlie gold have no foot red, the person has no perfect person. Defects can be made up and reading is a superexceHent methods. Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study, Reading ten thousand books is like traveling ten thousand miles. You can accumulate knowledge little by little and one day you may find yourself wiser than others. This wisdom is not born with you but acquired after years' effort. "Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested?*

培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏

培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根着名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在快速阅读中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”—— 谈读书 ——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。【原文】音频 Of Studies ——Francis Bacon

张先《菩萨蛮》全文赏析及注释翻译

张先《菩萨蛮》全文赏析及注释翻译张先的词《菩萨蛮>》全文赏析及注释翻译菩萨蛮① 张先哀筝一弄《湘江曲》，声声写尽湘波绿。纤指十三弦②，细将幽恨传。当筵秋水慢③，玉柱斜飞雁④。弹到断肠时，春山眉黛低。［注释］ ①菩萨蛮：唐教坊曲名。 ②秋水：暗喻眼波。 ③玉柱斜飞雁：筝柱竹制，上窄下宽中空，似飞雁状，十三筝柱排列，恰似一组斜飞的雁阵。一弄；一曲。纤指十三弦，细将幽恨传。十三弦：唐宋时教坊用筝均为十三弦，唯清乐用十二弦。秋水：形容美目明澈如秋水，白居易《咏筝》诗：“双眸剪秋水，十指剥春葱。”。春山眉黛：《西京杂记》：“文君姣好，眉争如望远山”，后因以山喻美人双眉，古人以黛色（青黑色颜料）画眉，故称眉黛。译文歌女用哀筝抚弄一曲《湘江曲》，能声声萦耳，尽写湘江上的绿意。

纤纤细指、十三筝弦，慢慢地将曲里的幽恨诉说。古筝的音像艺女的秋波一样漫过坐席，离愁别绪在她的手中蕴生；弹到惆怅满怀时，只见她眉头皱的很低很低。【译文二】筝弦一拨弹起哀怨的《湘江曲》，一声声写尽湘波绿涛。纤细的手指在十三根弦上飞动，细细地传出内心的恨愁。筵席上她秋水般的眼睛慢抒柔情，筝上玉柱排列宛如斜飞的大雁。弹到伤心断肠的时候，她那青黛色的双眉紧蹙到一起。【评点】此篇咏歌女弹筝，描写了其在酒筵上陪酒弹筝时的婉转情态。既写筝曲的哀怨感人，也通过描写歌女弹筝的动作、神态表现歌女的美丽多情和内心的哀伤，刻画了一个内在和外貌皆美好的歌女形象。整首词表达了词人对歌女弹筝技艺的欣赏之情，同时也透露出对其深深的同情。词的上片描写了歌女的筝声。“哀筝一弄《湘江曲》”，筝弦一拨弹起哀怨的《湘江曲》，表面上是说筝声哀怨，实则反映了歌女幽怨的内心世界；“声声写尽湘波绿”承接上句，意思是歌女所弹奏的《湘江曲》，琴声洋洋盈耳，让人觉得好像听到湘江的水声，从侧面烘托出歌女高超的技艺。“纤指十三弦，细将幽恨传”二句，写的是歌女弹筝的动作，只见她纤细的手指在十三根弦上飞动，淋漓尽致地弹出娥皇、女英的

培根名篇《论读书》中英文标准对照

Of Studies by Francios Bacon S tudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them,won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and