第二十二届韩素音翻译比赛汉译英官方译文和译文评析 来源
第二十二届韩素音翻译比赛汉译英官方译文和译文评析
蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福
Simple Happiness of Dwelling in the Back Streets
隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是孤独的，纯粹的隐者实属少数，而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。
A secluded life has traditionally been deemed, as it seems, the supreme state of ha ppiness, although such aloofness and retirement breed loneliness as well. Few peopl e in fact end up as genuine recluses, whose contentment does not suffice to constr ue what happiness is for all.
有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。
As a common saying goes, while the “lesser hermit” lives in seclusion in the countr y, the “greater hermit” does so in the city. Not necessarily in solitude does reside t rue happiness which can be found in busy streets rather than in the woods.
晨光，透过古色古香的雕花窗棂，给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起，空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车启动的节奏、夫妻间甜蜜的道别，还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。巷陌中的这一切，忙碌却不混乱，活泼却不嘈杂，平淡却不厌烦。
Here in the city lanes the early morning sunshine filters through the carved old-styl e latticed windows on the walls and faintly gilds the exquisite potted plants in court yards. As eggs sizzle in frying pans, the morning begins to fill with rising sounds: t he soft voices of children, the chugging rhythm of car engines, the sweet exchange of goodbyes between husbands and wives, as well as the brief greetings among n eighbors. Such back streets are busy but not chaotic, lively but not clamorous, plain but not wearisome.
巷尾的绿地虽然没有山野的苍翠欲滴，但是空气中弥漫着荒野中所没有的生机。微黄的路灯下，每一张长椅都写着不同的心情，甜蜜与快乐、悲伤与喜悦，交织在一起，在静谧中缓缓发酵。谁也不会知道在下一个转角中会是怎样的惊喜，会是一家风格独特食客不断的小吃店？是一家放着爵士乐的酒吧？还是一家摆着高脚木凳、连空气都闲散的小小咖啡馆？坐在户外撑着遮阳伞的木椅上，和新认识的朋友一边喝茶，一边谈着自己小小的生活，或许也是一种惬意。
Although the green patches at the end of the back streets are not so lushly verda nt as those on the mountains, the urban air is permeated with a vitality lacking in the wilderness. Under pale yellow street lamps, each bench embodies diversified feel ings—sweetness and happiness, joys and sorrows—all interwoven to slowly ferment i n tranquility. No one knows what kind of pleasant surprise may be in store for him around the corner: a uniquely styled and busy cafe? Or a bar emitting jazz music?
Or a coffee shop with tall stools and a relaxed atmosphere? Perhaps it is also sati sfying just to sit outdoors on a wooden chair under a sunshade, chatting over a cu p of tea about daily trifles with new friends.
一切，被时间打磨，被时间沉淀，终于形成了一种习惯，一种默契，一种文化。
All these elements, tempered and deposited by time, settled finally into a custom, a tacit understanding and a culture.
和来家中做客的邻居朋友用同一种腔调巧妙地笑谑着身边的琐事，大家眯起的眼睛都默契地闪着同一种狡黠；和家人一起围在饭桌前，衔满食物的嘴还发着含糊的声音，有些聒噪，但没人厌烦。
When neighbors and friends come, they share witty jokes about personal trivialities, implicitly understanding each other's eye movements of like astuteness. Family me mbers sit around the dining table, chattering through mouthfuls of food, and no on e is bothered by the noise.
小巷虽然狭窄，却拉不住快乐蔓延的速度……
Those lanes, narrow as they may be, cannot hold back the pervading happiness...
随着城市里那些密集而冰冷的高楼大厦拔地而起，在拥堵的车流中，在污浊的空气里，人们的幸福正在一点点地破碎，飘零。大家住得越来越宽敞，越来越私密。自我，也被划进一个单独的空间里，小心地不去触碰别人的心灵，也不容许他人轻易介入。可是，一个人安静下来时会觉得，曾经厌烦的那些嘈杂回想起来很温情很怀念。
But as dense, cold high-rises shoot up in the city, woefully accompanied by traffic congestion a nd air pollution, people’s happiness is little by little being eroded and lo st. With more dwelling space and privacy, one has his “self” encircled in a solitary world, careful not to infringe on the souls of others, while also seeking not to be i nfringed upon. However, when one quiets down, the once tiresome hubbub now ma y evoke warm feelings and nostalgia.
比起高楼耸立的曼哈顿，人们更加喜欢佛罗伦萨红色穹顶下被阳光淹没的古老巷道；比起在夜晚光辉璀璨的陆家嘴，人们会更喜欢充满孩子们打闹嬉笑的万航渡路。就算已苍然老去，支撑起梦境的应该是老房子暗灰的安详，吴侬软语的叫卖声，那一方氤氲过温馨和回忆的小弄堂。
To Manhattan with soaring skyscrapers, people prefer Florence with sun-bathed anci ent alleys by the towering red dome (1); to Lujiazui with dazzling night lights, peop le prefer Wanhangdu Road with narrow lanes full of rollicking children. Even as one grows old, it is likely that his dreams would be embellished by the serenity of the grey old houses, the calls of vendors in a soft-toned local dialect, and the small la nes filled with soothing memories.
如果用一双细腻的眼眸去观照，其实每一片青苔和爬山虎占据的墙角，都是墨绿色的诗篇，不会飘逸，不会豪放，只是那种平淡的幸福，简简单单。
If observed with a perceptive eye, every inch of the walls and corners adorned wit h moss and ivy becomes a verdurous poem, which, neither elegant nor powerful, re presents plain and simple happiness.
幸福是什么模样，或许并不难回答。幸福就是一本摊开的诗篇，关于在城市的天空下，那些寻常巷陌的诗。
Perhaps it is not so difficult to define happiness after all. Happiness is an unfurled scroll of poems, describing ordinary alleys under the city skies.
夜幕笼罩，那散落一地的万家灯火中，有多少寻常的幸福正蜗居在巷陌……
No one knows how much simple happiness is seeping through those back streets li t up by the scattered lamps as the night falls...
注释
(1) 即佛罗伦萨的Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (圣母百花大教堂）。据说该教堂是世界排名第三的大教堂，坐落在佛罗伦萨的中心地带.是佛罗伦萨最为著名的地标之一。圣母百花大教堂最为著名的是教堂圆顶.八角圆顶为红色，顶高31米，最大直径为43米，建成时是当时最大的圆顶，圆顶的正中为尖顶塔亭。（来源：http://www. https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/eu rope/italy/florence/attractions/santa-maria-del-fiore/)
汉译英参赛译文评析:
翻译非易事，得失寸心知
第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖竟赛汉译英参赛译文评析
本届大赛共收到汉英翻译的参赛译文613份，是韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛汉译英奖项单独设立以来参赛译文最多的一次。汉英翻译参赛译文大致是英汉翻译参赛译文的二分之一，与往届参赛译文数量比例一致。
在评审参赛译文时我们看到，大多数参赛者极其认真，仔细研究竞赛原文，考证其中的信息内涵，在翻译时对原文的风格、遣词造句的特点都予以考虑和再现，有些参赛者还就原文中可能影响理解的信息——注释，这些都是一个合格译者必须具备的认真态度和高度负责精神。从参赛译文质量来看，有些译文对原文信息再现得较为准确、细腻、周到，令评阅者感到欣喜，有些参赛译文整体不错，但个别地方有些美中不足，有些参赛译文字字对应，不敢越雷池一步，有些参赛译文无拘无束、犹如天马行空一般。下面就从五个方面来对本次汉英翻译中的问题进行分析。
1-标题的翻译
本届"韩素音青年翻译奖"汉译英竞赛原文，选自《新民晚报》2009年11月19日B14版刊登的一篇散文，作者是上海市巿西中学高二学生卢嘉西。原文的笔触优雅清淡，立意新颖，
犹如一幅随意浸染的写意画，旨在唤起人们在物质财富日趋丰富、人际关系渐趋淡漠的现代社会对简单却又充满人情味的岁月的美好回忆。美国戏剧家、散文家罗纳德'邓肯(Ronald D uncan)曾经说过："It would seem that happiness is something to do with simplicity, a nd that it is the ability to extract pleasure from the simplest things."(转弓I自$|、致4L，2003 ：154)作者也正是从人们再熟悉不过的一些街头小景、居家常景中去感'捂寻常百姓的寻常幸福。竞赛原文的标题为"蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福"，语言简练，音意皆美，寥寥数字就点出了文章的主旨。
"蜗居"原为名词，其意为"蜗舍"，喻意居室狭小，出自明章懋《与刘知府惟馨书》："况今老病龙钟，杜门待尽，则陋巷蜗居，乃其素分。"另据百度百科解释，"蜗居"的释义有三条?:①比喻窄小的住所。常用作谦词。②伏处；潜居。③因每月还房贷，经济能力受限，从而生活行为受限的一种生活形态。从613篇参赛译文中我们看到了参赛者对标题的不同翻译方法（见例1)。
例1 ：蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福
翻译
方法标题翻译实例
逐字
对译(1) The Ordinary Happiness of Living like Snail in a Small and
Humble Alley Abode
(2) The usual happiness snail-like living in an alley
(3) The Ordinary Happiness of a Shell Dwelling in the Alley
拟人
拟物(4) Ordinary Happiness Dwelling in the Narrow Lanes
(5) Ordinary Happiness Nestling in Streets and Alleys
(6) Plain happiness lurking in alleys
(7) The Ordinary Happiness Cramped in the Alleyways
(8) Homely Happiness that Resides in Cramped Abodes in Lanes
(9) Plain Happiness Snails in Small Alleys
引申(10) Ordinary Happiness of Dwelling Humbly at Alley Abodes
(11) The Common Happiness of Dwelling in Alleys
(12) Happiness enjoyed by the common people dwelling in a nutshell
重心
调整(13) Alleys, the Humble Nestle of Ordinary Happiness
(14) A City Alleyway Snuggling Amongst Happy Homes
结构
重组(15) Simple Happiness of an Alley Life
(16) The Ordinary Happiness of Lane Dwellers
(17) Dwelling in the Alleys, a Plain Happiness
(18) The Homely Happiness of Being an Alley Hermit
(19) Ordinary Mortals' Contentment
(20) Limited Alley Dwelling, Unlimited Happy Living
(21) Flowers of Common Happiness Blossom among the Lanes
说明：作者为了说明相关问题对表格中的实例进行了有针2t'hi的归类，这些分类相互交叉或不够严密，并非非此即彼。其中有些译文使用了多种方法，但是为了清晰简洁，作者并未将其分别归类。
有些参赛者对照原文逐字对译（见例1中的句1-3)，将"蜗居"与snail联系起来，保留了原文"蜗"的意象，但是这种过分拘泥于原文的译法可能会导致意义的损失，让读者理解感到困惑。有些参赛者将原文理解为拟人或拟物手法（句4>9)，并在译文中进行了再现，这样的处理有违作者的原意，况且句6中的lurking和句7、句8中的cramped,会有损于译文的意义和给读者的感受。重心调整的译文形式新颖，体现了参赛者的灵活思维，但是此处所列举的两例（句13和句14)在意义上与原文有出人。结构重组法是参赛者使用较多的一种方法，有些结构简洁灵活，反映了参赛者对原文较为深入的理解以及对原文结构的大胆超脱，其中有可资借鉴的实例（句15和句16)，也有因调整带来偏差的译文（句19)。这里还要特别提一下句21。该译文可以说音形意皆美的"佳作"，译者的思维非常活跃，完全摆脱了原文结构的束缚，然而经过评审组激烈的讨论，还是未予认可，认为该译文与原文相差较大，巳经不是翻译，而是译者本人的创作了，因此不能称为"佳译"。引申法是本次大赛中参赛者使用最为广泛的一种手法，也符合原作者的本意。纵观原文，作者所言的"寻常幸福"其实是从简单朴实的生活中获得的快乐和满足，贯穿语篇的是生活在小巷的人们在寻常生活中的幸福感受。基于上文的分析，我们认为，"寻常幸福"译为simple happiness更为贝占切些，Backs treet (或back street) 的意思是"a small quiet street that is away from the main par t of a town"(参见Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Pearson Education Li mited, 2005),更切合原文的"巷陌"之意。因此参考译文为"Simple Happiness of Dwelling i n the Back Streets"。
2.逻辑的贯通与梗滞
理解原文包括理解原文的字词、字词的明示和隐含意义、句子之间的逻辑关联、遣词造句的特点及其与意义之间的相关性以及上述诸多因素所形成的原文风格。汉语是语义型语言，"在几千年的重意、重神、重风骨、重凌虚的哲学和美学的传统影响下，形成了一种注重内在关系、隐含关系、模糊关系的语言结构素质。"（潘文国，2004: 335)这些特点渗透在中国人的思维方式之中，表现在汉语言作品中，形成了汉语重意合的语言特点，上下文内容之间的关联和内容的层次需要读者意会和领悟，与英语注重形式中的逻辑性并通过显性的方式进行关联的特点差别较大。译者会无意之中将这种思维方式和语言表达方式迁移到翻译作品中，对汉英翻译产生负面影响。
例2:比起高楼耸立的曼哈顿，人们更加喜欢佛罗伦萨红色穹顶下被阳光淹没的古老巷道；比起在夜晚光辉璀碟的陆家嘴，人们会更喜欢充满孩子们打闹嬉笑的万航渡路。
参赛译文1 ：Comparing to Manhattan with high-rise skyscrapers, people prefer the ancient lanes below the red domes in the sunshine in Florence. Comparing with Luji azui bright in Shanghai in the evening and at night, people prefer Wanhangdulu Str eet full of children' s noise and laughing in high jinks. (085)②
参赛译文2 ：People prefer the ancient lanes under the red domes of Florence to Manhattan full of high-rises, or Wanhangdu Road bustled with playing children to th e twinkling lights of Lujiazui financial center at night. (056)
参赛译文3 ：Compared to Manhattan with high-rise towers, people prefer the ancie nt lanes bathing in the sunshine under the red dome in Florence; compared to the brilliantly illuminated Lujiazui at night, people favor the Wanhangdu Road where chil dren are frolicking and laughing everywhere. (405)
例2反映了汉语隐性逻辑的典型特征，从文字上看，作者是对曼哈顿和古老巷道两个不同概念进行比较，三个参赛译文均直接按照原文的文字进行翻译，造成了译文比较结构失衡。参赛译文3忽略了英文的逻辑性要求和逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致的原则，使用了两个co mpared的分词结构，其逻辑主语与主句的主语发生矛盾，从而造成语法错误。此处的"红色穹顶"指佛罗伦萨的圣母百花大教堂(Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore),该教堂的红色八角圆顶是佛罗伦萨的标志之一，参考译文采用了单数形式，译为"the red dome"。因此，在翻译时要对原文中隐约可见的意义脉络进行梳理，要对其内在逻辑关系进行调整。
3.缺位、错位与越位
自1898年严复在《〈天演论〉译例言》中首次提出"译事三难：信、达、雅"，翻译界掀起过多次讨论，虽然"信"作为翻译首要原则的地位没有动摇，但是对"信"的内容、层次、程度始终都是众说纷纭，莫衷一是。其实，忠实可以分为三个层次：忠实原文的字词，忠实原文的句子结构》忠实原文的精神实质。在翻译实践和翻译探讨时，人们往往把"忠实"停留在第一个层面上，认为忠实就是要和原文——对应，要在译文中再现出原文的每个字，每一个词，甚至是每一个标点符号，译者只是在译"形"，而不是在译"意"。这种"以实对实"往往会造成死译，出现翻译中的忠实过度，其产品"充其量只能成为剥制的标本：一根羽毛也不少，可惜是一只死鸟，徒有形貌，没有飞翔"?，最终造成译者的"缺位"，因形害义。如上述标题翻译中的"逐字对译法"即是如此。再如：
例3 ：Narrow as the alley is, it can not restrain the speed of the spread of happi ness. (464)
例4 ：The sizzling noise of making fried eggs begins to roll up. (459)
例5 ：The first morning light through the antique window lattices gradually falls on the delicate miniascape with light golden-sunshine make-up. (463)
例6 ：With those dense and lifeless high-rise buildings put up in the city, people' s feeling of happiness is tattered in the stream of traffic jam or in the foul air, whi rling and scattering around. (464)
例3中的speed与汉语中的"速度"一词^f应，但是在英语中却带来了"过实"的问题。在例4中，参赛者分别选用了make, sizzle和noise三个单词分别对应汉语原文中的"煎"、"刺啦"和"声"。Sizzle是象声词，其释义为"to make the sound of food frying in hot oil"，只才应的汉语译文为"发出（油煎食物的）噬噬声"④。Noise—词似乎也已经把原文中的声音定性为"unpleasant",与原意不符，make也显得多余。例5中的light golden-sunshine make-up与原文中的"金黄色的淡妆"对应得严丝合缝，殊不知英语中的gild的意思即是"to make something look bright, as if covered with gold"。例6 中的happiness是抽象名词，含义丰富，表示幸福的心境、状态、感觉等，feeling实属画蛇添足。上述实例均有"公式化"⑤的倾向，这样的译文往往会形成中式英语，给外国读者带来理解上的困难，不利于翻译最终目的的实现。
当然译者的"缺位"还有另外一种情况，即将翻译的文本信息简化或浅化处理。孙艺风认为，"就翻译而言，简化则意味着源语文本在丰富性和暗示性方面的削弱，将会导致更多的异质，甚至有可能是源语信息的误传，尽管实际情形是有时候必须如此或无法避免。无疑，意义的多元性的本质使得传达相对完整的意义正是任何严肃的译者的职责所在"（2004: 77)。简化一方面可能是因为译者对潜在读者能力的判断，认为读者可能无法理解原文中丰富多彩的信息内容；另一方面也是因为译者无法在译入语中灵活巧妙准确地再现原文的信息。我们在审阅参赛译文时发现，第二种情况是本次竞赛中译文简化的主要原因。原文语言优美，信息蕴含丰富，参赛者在自己的词汇库中无法找到原文的对应语，于是将原文的丰富信息简化处理，只保留其最实质性的部分。
例7:有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。
参赛译文1 ：As a saying goes, the better wisdom is in the wild and the best one is in the chaos places but none knows. Real happiness can be found in streets but not from the wild, it does not hide, either. (047)
参赛译文2 ：The proverb puts "the real hermit lives in city instead of wildness" ，it implies that real happiness does not withdraw from society and live in solitude, a nd can be found in city instead of woods. (017)
参赛译文1的信息安排较为凌乱，动词简单且表现力不足，语法错误较多，关联词but not, either 用法不当，致使译文语言表达不够到位，信息内容无法完美再现。在参赛译文2中，参赛者将原文中的对称式谤语简化处理，将"live in city"这样的词汇组合与"隐于市"这个内隐信息丰富的词组对应，下文中的society在此处也显得苍白无力，只是对"并不隐逸"的解释，无法赋予译文相似的内涵和联想，造成了信息再现失当，而且语言表达中也存在着语法错误，如it implies与上文的The proverb puts的并列之间没有关联词，in city没有冠词等。
由于英语和汉语对主语的要求不同，英语重主语，汉语重主题，在汉英翻译时主语的选择和确定往往会直接影响意义再现的准确度和与原文风格的吻合度，常常会出现结构安排不当造成的错位现象。
例8 ：和家人一起围在饭桌前，衔满食物的嘴还发着含糊的声音，有些聒噪，但没人厌烦。
参赛译文1 ； ...encircling the dinning table with their family, people make slurred v oice from their food- crammed mouths, which, to some degree, is boisterous, with no boredom. (464)
参赛译文2 ：Surrounding the table with families, they make a vague voice with mo uthfuls of food, which seems a little noisy, but not boring. (462)
参赛译文3 ： ...while sitting at the dinner table with the family, their mouths, full o f food, make the blurred and sometimes noisy voice, but no one is sick of it. (459)
参考译文：Family members sit around the dining table, chattering through mouthfuls of food, and no one is bothered by the noise.
分上述三个参赛译文均把"发着含糊的声音"作为谓语动词，突出了"吃饭时发出声音"这一不甚雅观的场景，同时也把"衔满食物的嘴"一览无余地暴露在读者的视线之中。其实，原文作者在描述这一场景时意在突出家人围坐在一起随意聊天的惬意，并无冒犯英语读者之意，因此，参考译文以"sit around"作谓语，把chattering作为伴随动作，再现了作者试图在字里行间流露出的融融乐趣，也淡化了"衔满食物的嘴"可能带来令人不悦的听觉和视觉冲击。
在翻译中存在着另外一种倾向，有些译者认为翻译就是在理解原文基础上用译入语的自由创作，于是便将原作者的意义领悟于心，任由自己施展才华，结果就会出现翻译中的"越位"。上文列举的标题翻译中的"Flowers of Common Happiness Blossom among the Lanes"
虽然体现了中国学习者汉英翻译时极其难得的思维灵活性，但是毕竟与原文有不小的距离。同样的越位现象在上文例7中谚语"有道是小隐隐于野，大隐隐于巿"的翻译中也非常突出。
参赛译文1 ；Hence arises the saying, "for solitude, you'll flee to the waste land; w ith solitude, you' re hidden within the earthly mankind." (101)
参赛译文2 ：As the old saying goes, for seclusion, you will flee into the wild, whil e in reclusion, you are free even in the crowd. (160)
参赛译文3 ：As the saying goes, 'For solitude, you'll flee to the wild; in solitude, y ou're free in towns. ，(171)
参赛译文4 ：As the saying goes, for solitude, you' 11 flee; with solitude, you decr ee. (412)
上述四个译文都有其独到之处，如果不对照原文的话，译者精心安排的结构、节奏、韵脚稍加润饰都不失为好的句子，会让读者耳目一新。但是翻译毕竟是翻译，必须"带着脚镣手铐跳舞"，优美的舞姿方能得到赞许；挣脱了脚镣手铐，生花的妙笔也只能是"不忠实的美人"。
4.风格传译中的得与失
散文翻译，必然会涉及到风格的再现，"风格翻译可以说是对翻译者的最高要求"。（吴刚，2006 ：82)我们认为，本次竞赛原文的难点之一就在于风格的把握与再现。高健从自己大量的散文翻译实践经验中总结认为，"认识到风格的可译性会促使我们更加密切地注意内容所赖以表达、赖以存在的风格形式——语句的衔接、停顿的间隔、节奏的变换、形象的使用，乃至标点符号的繁简，等等"（高健，1994: 118-119)。他认为风格"来源、游离于内容与形式之间，时而偏向前者一些，时而偏向后者一些，时而是前是后难分，位置并不十分固定，它实际上是内容和形式的共同产物，但一般说却似乎更加偏近于形式一些"（高健，1985 ：9)。这些探讨揭示了风格的构成要素，它不单是形式的，也不单是内容的，而是形式与内容的结合所形成的一种超乎形式和内容的东西，同时也强调了语言形式对风格形成的重要作用。有些参赛者对形式关注不够或者对译语的感悟不够到位，造成了风格再现中的损失。
例10 ：小巷虽然狭窄，却拉不住快乐蔓延的速度……
参赛译文1 ：The narrow lane can not slow down the spreading speed of happines s. (017)
参赛译文2 ：Despite the narrow alley, the expanding of happiness can not be cont rolled (054)
参赛译文3 ：Narrow as they are, alleys don't slow down the spread of happiness (217)
本例是全篇一个承上启下的过渡句，作者在前半部分着重描述了巷陌寻常生活中的寻常幸福，把人们带人了对简单生活的美好回味之中，平淡的生活、平淡的画面在狭窄的小巷中、微黄的路灯下——展开。至此，作者从平淡而美好的往昔跳回到高楼林立、车流拥堵、空气污浊的现实之中，为作者在文末阐述自己的观点做好了铺垫。而且这句话意在突出幸福感的传播并不会因小巷的狭窄而受到阻塞，其语言表达形式蕴含着丰富意味。因此，翻译时应该把握其形式上的特点及其蕴含的信息。参赛译文1直接把蕴含的信息变成了平铺直叙的直白表述，失去了原文的婉转含蓄。参赛译文2改变了原文的信息重心，显得突兀。参赛译文3虽然重心把握到位，但是一个"don't"把作者对小巷的情感化为乌有。
参考译文：Those lanes, narrow as they may be, cannot hold back the pervading hap piness...
风格是贯穿整个语篇的精神风貌，是通篇在遣词造句上协调一致的特点，风格的形成离不开词句单独的特点，但决不是单独词句特点的简单累加，也不是美词大词的堆砌。其实，翻译应该注重"the right word in the right place at the right time"，还有for the right purp ose,这样的文章方可形成风格。
5.细微之处见功力
翻译是一种自上而下的过程，应从大处着眼，小处着手，细微之处往往对整体有着至关重要的影响。细节的成功有助于整体的完美再现。
本届竞赛原文中有几处地名，如曼哈顿、佛罗伦萨、陆家嘴、万航渡路等，前两个有现成的英文，此处自不必言。后两者需要根据现行的翻译规则进行处理。从参赛译文中可以看到各种各样的处理方法，主要有以下四种：①按单字翻译，如Lu Jia Zui, Wan Hang Du Roa d ,②按照人名的翻译方法处理，将姓和名分开，如Lu Jiazui ,③按照整体处理，如Lujiazu i, Wanhangdu Road ；④为了方便读者理解，增加解释性说明，如Lujiazui Mouth, Wanh ang ferry ,⑤沿用已有译名，如Jessfield Road?。连益认为，"用汉语拼音字母拼写中国地名，不仅是中国的统一标准，而且是国际标准"。他认为"以人名命名的地名英译，人名的姓和名迕''-;，人名必须前置，通名后置，不加定冠词。这种译法多用于自然地理实体地名"，但"如果以人名命名的非自然地理实体地名，姓和名分写，人名前置或后置按习'K用法"，々口Sun Yat-sen' s Mausoleum (中山陵），Huang Jiguang Memorial (黄继光纪念馆）等。(连益，1999)据此，我们建议，将两个地名分别译为Lujiazui和Wanhangdu Road。
竞赛原文中拟声词"刺啦"被很多参赛者音译成CILA, Ci La, Cila, zi-la等等。音译除了用于翻译地名人名之外，在行文中应尽量避免。莱昂斯认为"甚至拟声词的词汇形式也存在着某种程度的任意性或约定俗成，它们必须是适应于特定语言的语音系统而不是直接地模仿它们所代表的那个声音。"(转引自李国南，2001 ：9)因此，如果模仿其在汉语中的发音，可能会成为译文中的"异物"，让读者产生排异反应。建议参赛者努力增加词汇储备。同属这类问题的还有"吴侬软语"一词，不少参赛者采用音意结合的方法，将其翻译为soft-toned local dialect Wunong, the typical soft dialect of Suzhou, soft Shanghai dialect, Suzhou dia lect, soft dialect of Suzhou, the soft Wu dialect, gentle dialects of Shanghai and Su Zhou ，s sellers, soft dialect of Wu
district, Wu dialect, Wunong soft dialect, Shanghai-Suzhou dialect,等等。评审组认为，此处的"乂侬软语"旨在突出的是"方言"，是不是苏州方言并不重要，因此，参考译文保留了该方言最本质的特征"软"，将其泛化处理为a soft-toned local dialect0
在此，我们也想顺便提一下，不少参赛译文中出现了一些本不应出现的错误，如原文理解错误、词汇用法错误、时态错误、缺乏衔接、主谓语不一致、人称不一致、标点符号错误（如把英语省略号写成"…一"）等。限于篇幅，本文不再——列举。
我们衷心希望这些由于疏忽或者疏于查阅造成的错误能够引起翻译爱好者的注意。
余绪
近年来翻译事业蓬勃发展，翻译专业、翻译硕士专业学位点、翻译学博士点的获批建设等似乎都进一步印证了全球化环境下翻译日趋凸显的重要性。全国哲学社会科学规划办公室于2 010年1月8日发布了《关于设立国家社会科学基金中华学术外译项目的公告》，该项目"立足于学术层面，资助我国哲学社会科学研究的优秀成果以外文形式在国外权威出版机构出版，进人国外主流发行传播渠道，增进国外对当代中国和中国哲学社会科学的了解，推动中外学术交流与对话，提高中国哲学社会科学的国际影响力。"希望广大翻译爱好者以此为契机，为提高汉译英水平不断努力，为中国文化走向世界做出贡献。
注释
①弓I自https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/view/647503.htm。
②翻译实例后括号内的数字表示参赛译文的编号，下同。
③见余光中《翻译与创作》。原文如下："直译，甚至硬译，死译，充其量只能成为剥制的标本：一根羽毛也不少，可惜是一只死鸟.徒有形貌，没有飞翔。"
④引自商务印书馆和牛津大学出版社2004年8月联合出版的牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版（Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Chinese Dictionary, the 6th Edition)的词条释义。
5）见余光中《翻译与创作》。原文如下："……这种译文体最大的毛病，是公式化.也就是说，这类的译者相信，甲文字中的某字或某词，在乙文字中恒有天造地设恰巧等在那里的一个'全等语'。"
6）相传上海开埠之初，有一位葡萄牙商人路过虹口一马戏场侧，听到帐内有一少女哭声甚哀，于是就付金为之賅身，并托付于一位美国传教士。后来这位少女随传教士赴美，就读后复回上海，嫁给传教士。这传教士即为她在沪西购地建屋，因为这位女子名叫极司（Jess),所以这里的地名便叫"Jessfield",意即"极司之地"。
⑦https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/2010sj/20100107zhxswygg.htm
参考文献
[1] https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/view/647503.htm.
[2] https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/zwdq/xzzd/xzff/44776.html.
[3] 高健.浅谈散文风格的可译性[A].杨自俭、刘学云.翻译新论[C].武汉：湖北教育出版社，1994.
[4] 高健.翻译中的风格问题[J].外国语.1995 (3): 7-11.
[5]国家哲学社会科学基金委员会.关于设立国家社会科学基金中华学术外译项目的公告[Z]. 2010.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/973939056.html,/2010sj/20100107zhxswygg.htm.
[6] 李国南.辞格与词汇[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001.
[7] 连益.中国地名英译的几点注意事项[J].中国翻译，1999(3).
[8] 马德.活出简单[J].党政论坛，2008 (2): 23.
[9] 潘文国.汉英语对比纲要[M].北京：北京语言大学出版社，2004.
10]孙艺风.视角阐释文化——文学翻译与翻译理论[J〗.北京：清华大学出版社，2004.
Ill]孙致礼.新编英汉翻译教程[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.
[12]吴刚（执笔）.译出境界来——第十八届"韩素音青年翻译奖"英译汉参赛译文评析[J】.中国翻译，2006 (6): 80-83.
[13]余光中.翻译与创作[A].余光中.余光中谈翻译[C].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2002: 3043.
(集体讨论，温建平执笔）
温建平（1964年―）女，教授。河北邢台人，中国共产党党员。现任上海对外贸易学院英语专业教授，硕士生导师，翻译专业主任。1986年毕业于兰州大学外语系英美语言文学专业，获文学学士学位，2005年毕业于上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业，获文学博士学位。1986年至1999年在太原理工大学外语部任教，1999年调入上海对外贸易学院商务外语学院任教，主讲英语精读、英语写作、翻译理论与实践、翻译学概论等课程。参与国家九五重点教材《英语泛读教程》（第三册）的编写，并荣获“教育部2002年全国普通高校优秀教材一等奖”；参与的科研项目《创立科学的教学模式，提高大学英语教学质量》荣获山西省教学科研成果二等奖；合译的作品《教育组织行为学》第七版荣获上海对外贸易学院2 002年度优秀著作奖。曾1996年、1998年连续两届荣获太原理工大学“优秀教师”称号。
翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析
原文 巷 柯灵译者-张培基 巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。 人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的 斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴 的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来 小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁， 你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自 己的一本哀乐帐， 使人忘忧。 译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.
a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.
汉译英在线翻译句子
[标签:标题] 篇一：2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养 的时候，我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧，你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上，吐一口唾沫，说：“这毛虫”！ Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”
英语翻译答案
汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its
英汉翻译评析(附参考译文)
英汉翻译讲解（1） I.英汉之间的差别： “对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别。”------吕叔湘 国内学者的共识是：汉语是综合性的，描写性的，而英语是分析性的，逻辑性的。在语言学上最重要的区别在于形合和意合的对比（contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis），英语重形合（形式上的融合），汉语重意合（意思或意境的融合）。在句法方面，有学者形象地把英汉比喻为以下几种： 1．雄孔雀/雄狮-----即英语习惯于把最着重的事物放在句首先说出来，开门见山，一语破的，然后再把各种标志一条条补述，一步步交代，慢条斯理，从容不迫，形成一条头短尾长地线性链，象头小尾大地雄孔雀。而汉语则相反，其线性序列的展开好比画龙点睛，先把外围的环境与衬托一一交代周到，最后点出话语的信息中心，水到渠成，给人以豁然开朗之感，形成雄狮型头大尾小地局式。 例如：I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 译文：由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。 又如：The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely （不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）contested （斗争；比赛）. 译文：如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无可置辩的了。 2．葡萄/竹竿-----即把英语句子比作“葡萄型”结构，葡萄主干很短，其上附结着丰硕的果实。而汉语句子则较短，一个短句接一个短句地往下叙述，逐步展开，内容像竹竿一样一节一节展开，常称为“竹竿型”结构。 She was beautiful, with long dark hair and brilliant green eyes.她长得很美，一头乌黑亮丽的长发，一双晶莹明亮的绿色眼睛。 She has smooth akin as pale and iridescent as the moon shining over a snow-covered landscape.她光滑的肌肤白里透红，宛如皎洁的月光洒在茫茫血地上。 3．多枝共干----英语句子中还有两个或几个动词共受一个状语修饰，共有一个主语或宾语，或者两个或几个状语共同修饰一个动词，两个或几个主语或宾语共一个动词，这就好比几根树枝长在同一根树干上，我们称为“多枝共干”式结构。 4．也有学者认为英语是一种弥漫着“男子气”的语言。逻辑性、组织性和理性是以英语为母语的民族的思维支撑点，从而就形成了英语的“阳刚之美”。而汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执着于形式结构的规范，中国人的思维支撑点似乎更具有抽象，深邃和疏放的取向，由此繁衍生出的是显赫的暗示和幽远的意境从而形成汉语的“阴柔之美”。汉语的魅力在于她的流散和疏放，系于她超凡的暗示力和意境性。所以汉语的形式机制很弱，主谓宾没有形式标定，主谓间关系松散，宾语无定格，无定位，主语的超句承接功能很强。 如果说汉语是一种“人治”语言，那么，英语则是一种“理性”语言。汉语能化逻辑为内在，英语则必须将逻辑外化，化作种种行合的标记，化作启转承合的纽带。英语语法规范森严，理性十足；英语形式逻辑缜密，滴水不漏。 5．汉语是一种意境语言，一种艺术语言。寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。
汉译英答案3
汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）
英语六级汉译英专项练习答案及解析
三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析 一、倍数增减的表示法 1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2)reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as + 形容词/副词+ as） 3)is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+ 名词） 4)wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by + 数词/百分比/倍数） 5)plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词） 二、时态 1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2)the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4)have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5)No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6)He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态 1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2)will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） 3)can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） 4)I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） 5)Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态） 四、情态动词 1)but there is no answer. She can’t be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
英汉翻译评析
评：在最后一句“回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色”中，译者将“百媚”翻 译为“ full of grace ” ,在此处应取“ eleganee and beauty of movement expression ， a beautiful figure which she used in subtle movements unparalleled grace ”这一义，我认为此处强调的是“媚”这个字，这种美是无 人能比的，以至于六宫粉黛无颜色，所以在翻译之时，可以把这种媚翻译成魅 力，而且是“百媚”，此处“百”又不是真的“ hundred ”，而是一种“ end beauty, end of charm ”。 评：最后一句“六宫”翻译成six places 非常生硬，感觉没有体现中国古典文 化中六宫的含义。同时fairest face 也太过于字面化，没有什么美感。回眸直 接翻译为turning her head 也是过于直接，体现不出古典诗歌所要表达的美。 or of of 评：第二句杨家有女初长成中， womanhood just grow ，womanhood 略感多余，前面已经用 了 maiden ，意透露性别信息，无需再次强调女性身份，第三句中天生丽质难自弃，用 en dowed with n atural beauty, en dow 之嫌，一朝选在君王侧翻作 selected for the mon arch' 妃，回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色有承接关系，觉得， 已有天生具有的意思，再用 natural 强调原生有语义赘余 s side,太过直译，可以意译为入宫为 that 放入前半句更好， that she turns her head, with a sweet and grace smile 。 评：诗歌标题“长恨歌”并非表达一种真正的恨意和痛苦， 的遗憾和悔恨。“ regret ”正好有“悔恨，遗憾”之意，“ 而是指唐明皇和杨贵妃无法长相厮守 everlasting ”正好表达岀了长久的意 味。许渊冲的翻译避免了直接翻译的直白， 又恰到好处地将两人无法长相厮守的遗憾表达得淋漓 尽致，十分贴切。 《长恨歌》翻译评析 长恨歌 许渊冲译 The Everlast ing Regret 汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。 The beauty-lovi ng mon arch Ion ged year after year To find a beautiful lady without peer. 杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。 A maide n of the Yan gs* to woma nhood just grow n. In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown. 天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。 En dowed with n atural beauty too hard to hide, One day she stood selected for the mon arch ' s side. 回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。 Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace That she outsh one in six palaces the fairest face.
新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案
1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7
英汉翻译评析(答案)
Commentaries on the Version of “一个女人是这样衰老的” 一个女人是这样衰老的 SV：How a Woman Ages/A Woman’s Aging/A Woman Fades Thus/What causes a Woman to Grow Old/The Way in Which a woman is Aging/How a Woman Gets Old RV: The Way Woman Withers 点评：Rhetorical Device: distillation and aesthetic hightlights of language, either Chinese or English/The successful employment of alliteration(头韵) 1．二十岁的时候，我穿着一条背心式牛仔裙在校园里走来走去，一说话就脸红。三十岁的我穿着名牌套装，坐在办公桌前，满脸冷酷地对下属说：“这么愚蠢的问题你也敢问？也不先打个草稿。”SV: At the age of twenty, I walked about on the campus, wearing a vestlike jean skirt. My face would turn red whenever I speak. After I have turned thirty, I am seated in front of a bureau, in a suit of famous brand, reproaching a subordinate coldly “How dare you ask such a stupid question? Why didn’t you make a draft first?” RV: At the age of twenty, wearing a jeans jumper, I moved about on the campus, my face blushing the moment I had the inclination to make an
句子翻译练习(汉译英)
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
英汉翻译经典例子及答案
1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.