2015年北京师范大学外国语言学考研,复试真题,参考答案,考研参考书,复习方法,考研资料

2015年北京师范大学外国语言学考研,复试真题,参考答案,考研参考书,复习方法,考研资料
2015年北京师范大学外国语言学考研,复试真题,参考答案,考研参考书,复习方法,考研资料

北师考研详解与指导

语言学:

1.名词解释(6题,每题五分)(1)descriptive&prescriptive(2)presupposition&entailment(3)metonymy&metaphor(4)discrete-point test &integrative test(5)bilingualism&diglossia(6)teaching method& teaching methodology

2.What is arbitrariness?What is iconity?How they are related?What do you think about the arbitrariness and iconity?

3.Explain the word formation of the following five words:a.Codak

b.brunch

c.bus

d.edit

e.tofu

4.What is assimilation in phonology?Give at least three categories of assimilation.

5.The cooperative principles and maxims给了五个句子,指出违法了哪些原则

a.Have you ever seen john?–no,if I deny not seeing him,I would not tell a lie

b.What do you buy?—just some stuffs.

c.What do you want?—not c-h-o-c-o-l-a-t-e.

d.John is a bad bag.—it is really a nice day.

6.The difference between transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional grammar.

7.How do you understand the empiricism view,the prominence view and the attention view of cognitive linguistics(15分)

8.Define the action research and how it is helpful in class(15分)

9.Discuss genre-based view of writing method.(20分)

基础英语

第一题,无选项完型,30空,关于语言与思维方式

第二题,3篇阅读,第一篇,给一篇文章的每个段落选标题,关于green movement,生态园区的建设;第二篇,一篇文章空了六个段落,从7个选项中选,one cannot write in others’words;第三篇,根据文章回答五个问题,文章关于作者在bad kids’class和smart kids’class中学到了很多。

第三题,汉译英。一篇文章,抽五个句子翻译。

第四题,一篇500字的作文,给了两段话,选择其中一个,表明自己是赞成还是反对,并说明理由。第一段话,大概是education is not to prepare you for the future。第二段也是关于教育的作用的。

法语

一.选择题。30题。

二.完型。

三.阅读。

第一篇

第二篇,节选自杂志的一段话,两个选择题,第一个这段话可能出现在什么杂志上(选项有tout-faites,santé,loisir)

第三篇,选自报纸的一则文章,关于tabac,法国人吸烟的状况

四.汉翻法。

1.她不能消除成见。

2.严禁向河里倾倒废料。

3.他在家既不做饭也不做家务,他什么都不干。

4.(不记得)

5.(不记得)

五.法翻汉。第一篇famille:un temps nouvel de gerer

第二篇关于运动新项目

考研复试面试十大注意事项大盘点这几天2015年考研已经结束,我们的考生下一步即将面临的就是复试,我们知道复试中面试一项是起着最最至关重要的作用。那么,在复试面试时大家应该注意哪些事项呢?我们总结多年来学员的经验,提供十大注意事项供大家参考。

一、礼貌当先

细节往往透露出你的不足之处,因此礼貌在整个面试过程中尤为重要。进门的时候一定要敲门,然后很有礼貌的表示对老师的尊重,鞠躬比较好,或者对着各位老师说声“老师好!”问好的时候一定要用眼神扫一下各位老师,不能就望着一位老师说。因为每一位老师都不希望被忽视,这一点要注意。如果平时不注意这方面的同学们在面试的时候应该刻意的注意一下。

另外,在进面试室之前一定要先把手机关闭,千万不要出现在面试现场手机响个不停的尴尬局面。如果真的在面试过程中出现没有意料到的尴尬局面,在面试结束后一定要向老师表达歉意。

二、仪表庄重

仪表庄重,严肃会给老师留下良好的第一印象。在穿着方面,男生应该尽量穿西服或者比较正式的服装,女生千万不要穿紧身衣或者短裙,打扮得体,展现最真实的一面。这里关键是提醒大家要注意穿着,不能太过于随便,要让老师有被尊重的感觉,更有利于整体的气氛把握。

三、行为动作

在复试之前,一定要明白自己在紧张的时候,有哪些动作,然后把它戒除掉。因为每个人,在紧张时候都会有自己的行为动作,小动作,比如紧张的时候,会搓手或者揪耳朵之类的这种

动作,然后很多人是很不雅的,所以你一定要了解自己的这种下意识动作是什么?然后再面试之前要训练自己,让自己努力克服掉。

四、谈吐清晰

在英语面试的时候,如果是自己口述而不是老师问问题的话,应该尽量把自己的英语介绍材料浓缩,语速千万不要太快。如果你语速太快而且句式复杂的话,会给老师一种表现太过的感觉,这里的意思不是说老师不愿意听到学生很好的表达能力。关键是在老师面前说话要说的清楚明白,让老师有很好的印象。还有要表现的尽量谦逊一些,再怎样谦逊,老师是不太会介意的。

五、态度诚恳

专业面试的时候一定要诚实,不

会的时候就诚实的说自己不是很

了解,把自己所了解的尽量说出

来。不要企图认为可以蒙骗过去,

因为以前就有这样的同学。老师问

她看过一些什么相关的专业书籍。

她其实并没有看,只是偶尔记得几

个书名就说了。以此表现一下自己

的专业素养,殊不知当老师接着让

她说说看这些书籍后的感受或收

获时,自己就只能傻眼了。结果自然给老师留下了不好的印象。因此一定要态度诚恳,实事求是。

六、英语面试

1.英语口语

不同的学校对口语测试有不同的标准和流程。有些制定了非常详细的标准和流程,甚至规定了每个老师发问的方式和时间;有些只是面试老师的自由发挥,成绩也基本上由面试老师主观判定。不管面试是否严格控制,考生对下面几个问题一定要认真准备,并形成一套属于自己的表达框架:一是自我介绍,如来自哪里,毕业学校、所学专业、毕业论文课题、业余爱好、家庭基本情况等信息。二是做好用英语定义和解释自己所学专业的准备。口语测试时,老师有可能就本专业展开话题,考查考生用英语讲述事物的能力。因此考生对此要有所准备,先用一些自己比较熟悉的句型和词汇将答案组织起来,再用一些更精确的不经常用的句型和词汇来替换,提高语言质量,让考官感觉表述地道,有利于获得好成绩。

2.英语听力

对外经济贸易大学的蒋昕说,各招生单位的外语听说能力考试形式略有不同,有的学校听力和口语放在一起考试。外语口试一般两人一组,随机抽取话题,由两位考生对话,老师根据两人的表现给分。听力测试的形式一般是听录音做题,类似大学英语四级、六级的听力。考生可在考前半个月集中训练。在练习听力时,考生不光要听磁带,还要做做相关的练习。吃饭时,走路时,睡觉前都可以听听磁带,培养语感,“磨磨”耳朵。考生练习口语时,新概念英语第一册和第二册中的对话练习对考试很有帮助。

据了解,大多数学校都以现有的成型考试作为英语听力的测试内容。考生在准备听力复试的过程中,对于现有的成熟英语考试的听力部分一定要重视,比如四、六级的历年听力真题。同时,还可以泛听一些英语材料。听力备考做到精听与泛听相结合。精听与泛听相结合能让考生在最短时间内提高英语听力水平。

七、专业课面试

回答问题技巧:第一,反应很重要。第二,不要紧张。熟悉的地方可以多说一点,不懂得地方尽量避开,老师一般会就一个问题深入问。如果一开始就察觉到自己的把握不是很大,就不要顺着老师的思路走,把老师引到你熟悉的领域去。

八、面试前关注导师的著作有助面试随机应变

在复试之前,有好多学生千方百计地要拜访老师,打听专业的情况。但是复试“双盲”制度施行后,简单的拜访某个导师对于复试没有什么作用了。

阅读导师的论文和其他著作,也能够了解到学科发展的状况和最新的学术前沿,对于扩大专业知识的面非常有好处。对于跨考的同学来说,这是准备复试不可少的重要一步。

九、展现较强的动手能力

对于理工科专业,导师通常很看重学生的动手能力和独立研究学习能力。比如理化、生物、计算机等专业的复试通常是在实验室完成的,动手能力在复试中占有很大比重。考官通过观察考生的动手情况,从侧面考查学生的观察能力、研究能力和创造性。所以,理工科的考生有必要在这方面下功夫,进一步熟悉相关常识、操作流程等。

十、注意培养自己的综合素质

考生的综合素质面试成绩占复试总成绩的一半左右。中科院研究生院研招办主任高随祥说,复试侧重对考生综合能力的考核,因此考生要事先准备一些能够证明自己综合素质的材料或实物,如优秀的毕业设计、发表的文章、比赛获奖证书或科研实践成果等北京化工大学研究生徐翊桄认为,在很多招生单位,面试能基本确定考生是否会被录取。面试跟考官的个人风格有很大关系,但尽管形式多样,提问不拘一格,还是主要以专业相关问题为主。考生较为保险的复习策略是在面试中突出自己的优势和强项,如本科期间有没有发表过学术论文,是否跟老师做过课题,有没有重要的实践经验等。同时,要全面复习本科重要基础课中的基本概念、基本定理和基本方法。考生在完成上述工作后,还要了解一下本学科的前沿问题,如果对学科前沿问题把握较好,面试老师会刮目相看。

“自信”对个人而言,是非常重要的无形资产,在复试中也显得尤为重要。导师欣赏的是自信的学生。面带自然笑容可以使得自己心情放松,也可以缓解自己的紧张情绪。过度的紧张容易导致发挥失常,所以对自己的情绪一定要克制。可以面带微笑,给老师一个心理暗示,暗示他你和他交流非常愉快,你对自己是充满信心的,这样导师对你的印象自然会不错。

专家支招:考研调剂暗藏三大玄机

在考研调剂整个过程中,似乎是水波不兴,实际上其中暗藏玄机,资深考研专家结合多年的辅导与教学经验,以及同研究生院合作的经历,总结出了以下三大玄机,正在筹备考研的同学需要特别注意。

一、考研调剂需要考生自己主动联系和办理

教育部对考研调剂的流程是这样规定的:招生单位应将那些虽然达到分数线但不能安排复试或复试后由于招生计划的限制不能录取的考生的全部材料(所有报考表格、各科目试题和试卷)在规定时间内转第二志愿单位。无第二志愿单位或第二志愿单位亦不能录取的考生,招生单位应将其考试成绩报本省(市、自治区)所属的大区调剂中心进行调剂。或者,在征得考生同意的前提下,负责向其它相关单位进行推荐。

从这个规定看,调剂工作是招生单位之间的事情,招生单位负责考生的调剂,考生只需或只能被动地等待复试通知。实际上现实操作中完全不是这样,需要考生自己寻找调剂信息和联络调剂,考研能否成功调剂的决定权在导师,当然调剂时的成功率一般比较高,尤其是学校知名度不高、招生额度未满的。

二、调剂到尽可能好的院校专业的概率比较低,但也有可能

同学们会发现,发布了调剂需求信息的学校绝大多数都是211院校名单之外的,或者地理位置在中西部和偏远地区的,像北大、清华、人大、北师大、复旦、上交大、同济、西安交大、吉大、南大、中科大等名牌院校基本上看不到有调剂需求。即使发布有需求,都会要求本科院校是211名单里的。这个规定将不少普通本科院校出身的考生挡在了门外。

当然也有少数的211院校的一些非热门专业有调剂需求,没有做出身要求的规定,但一般专业的前景都不是太好,比如笔者考研时,曾联系到四川大学的调剂名额,不过专业比较差。

但到底有没有非211院校出身的考生调剂到重点院校、名牌院校的呢,其实根据**每年的统计数据,都有一定数量的考生通过自己的积极主动和水平展示拿到了211院校甚至南大等名牌院校研究生院的复试门票,而且最终成功迈入这些学校的大门。对于现在正寻求调剂的考

生,这是一个值得争取的事情。

三、考研调剂并不能百分之百成功,如果不出现严重差错,一般都会成功

对于一般的重点院校或非重点院校调剂,成功的概率很高,有时候达到百分之百,但对于比较知名的院校或者是考生复试时出了严重错误,则照样会被淘汰。

基本地来讲,遵循下面这样两个原则,能够确保成功调剂的基本要求。一是及时、准确地把握调剂信息,考生的调剂是有要求的:除必须具有国家规定的复试资格外,一般要求入学考试的统考科目中两科与所调剂专业的考试科目完全相同,两科专业考试科目相同或相近。

调剂原则上是先专业内部调剂,再跨专业调剂,再跨校调剂,所以如果导师的上线人数已够或已超额,那成功调剂的可能性也是零。所以一定要把握相关专业的空缺信息,可以根据往年该专业生源情况判断,通过咨询该专业正在读研的同学,通过研究生院的网页查询空缺信息。空缺信息一定要及早把握,有的同学在知道无法参加复试或参加复试并知道被淘汰后才开始着手调剂,了解空缺信息,这就太晚了。

一是因为有的导师已有中意的调剂生,不再给其他同学面谈机会,这些同学也就没有参加复试的机会。这也是可以理解的,导师有很多事要做,不只是负责研究生的录取,而且大多数考生其实是没有多大差别的,录取这个考生和录取那个考生对导师来说往往没有太大区别。二是因为各校研究生的复试时间是不相同,等待复试结果出来后联系调剂会错过一些调剂。

有些好一点的学校并不在网上发布信息,或者只在自己学校的官方网站上有信息发布,这时候需要考生主动到学校网站上去找,然后主动打电话联系。

成功调剂二是要主动出击,或通过推荐及时、有效的联系相关专业相关导师。调剂是一种“补漏”措施,并且“门当户对”或“下嫁”调剂成功的把握性大。知道可能调剂成功的导师的联系方式后可以直接出击,发邮件联系或打电话或直接面谈。

发邮件有时会延误时机,不妨打电话联系导师或研究生招生办公室,介绍自己情况同时请求申请调剂。如果是校内调剂,那电话联系和直接面谈都很方便。调剂中通过熟悉的老师推荐调剂也是一个好办法。老师一般有很多同学在全国各个高校任教,他们的推荐会让考生节省不少时间,而且成功的把握也更大。

英语面试

1.英语口语

不同的学校对口语测试有不同的标准和流程。有些制定了非常详细的标准和流程,甚至规定了每个老师发问的方式和时间;有些只是面试老师的自由发挥,成绩也基本上由面试老师主观判定。不管面试是否严格控制,考生对下面几个问题一定要认真准备,并形成一套属于自己的表达框架:一是自我介绍,如来自哪里,毕业学校、所学专业、毕业论文课题、业余爱好、家庭基本情况等信息。二是做好用英语定义和解释自己所学专业的准备。口语测试时,老师有可能就本专业展开话题,考查考生用英语讲述事物的能力。因此考生对此要有所准备,先用一些自己比较熟悉的句型和词汇将答案组织起来,再用一些更精确的不经常用的句型和词汇来替换,提高语言质量,让考官感觉表述地道,有利于获得好成绩。

2.英语听力

对外经济贸易大学的蒋昕说,各招生单位的外语听说能力考试形式略有不同,有的学校听力和口语放在一起考试。外语口试一般两人一组,随机抽取话题,由两位考生对话,老师根据两人的表现给分。听力测试的形式一般是听录音做题,类似大学英语四级、六级的听力。考生可在考前半个月集中训练。在练习听力时,考生不光要听磁带,还要做做相关的练习。吃饭时,走路时,睡觉前都可以听听磁带,培养语感,“磨磨”耳朵。考生练习口语时,新概念英语第一册和第二册中的对话练习对考试很有帮助。

据了解,大多数学校都以现有的成型考试作为英语听力的测试内容。考生在准备听力复试的过程中,对于现有的成熟英语考试的听力部分一定要重视,比如四、六级的历年听力真题。同时,还可以泛听一些英语材料。听力备考做到精听与泛听相结合。精听与泛听相结合能让考生在最短时间内提高英语听力水平。

英语语言学试题(1)及答案

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