2016高考英语广安市阅读理解及书面表达选练(11)答案

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some people’s immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found.

The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress.

“It turns out there are important dif ferences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said in a UCLA news release.

“For example,” he explained, “we somet imes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, it’s threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”

The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but it’s been unclear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said.

Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune system’s natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added.

The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

1. Where do you first find the study?

A. A magazine.

B. A website.

C. A literature.

D. An advertisement.

2. Judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation.

A. those who were more sensitive to social rejection

B. those who were purposely put into society

C. those who gave a speech before audience

D. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness

3. The author qu otes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to.

A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected

B. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations

C. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stress

D. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system

4. We can infer that if there is inflamm atory response in people’s immune system.

A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress

B. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathways

C. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stress

D. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced

【参考答案】1—4、BABA

阅读理解。

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly，setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures，”William Wordsworth sa id in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century，even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.

So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新)．But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ，we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new，innovative tracks.

Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact，the more new things we try, the more creative we become.

But don't bother trying to kill off old habits；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain，they're there to stay. Instead，the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder，” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to …decide? ，just as our president calls himself …the Decider?. ”She adds, however，that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

“All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware，” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in f our primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence，however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything, ” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will...and Ms. Markova's business partner. “That's a lie that we have preserved，and it fosters commonness.

Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. ”This is where developing new habits comes in.

本文论述了创新思维与有意识培养新习惯之间的关系。

17．Brain researchers have discovered that ________.

A. the forming of new habits can be guided

B. the development of habits can be predicted

C. the regulation of old habits can be transformed

D. the track of new habits can be created unconsciously

答案：A。事实细节题。由第三段首句“Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.”可知A项正确。

18．The underlined word “ruts” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. zones

B. connections

C. situations

D. tracks

答案：D。词义猜测题。由画线词所在的第四段中的信息词pathway(路，径)和road(路，道路)可推测出D项正确。track路，路径，轨迹。

19．Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova's view?

A. Decision makes no sense in choices.

B. Curiosity makes creative minds active.

C. Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.

D. Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.

答案：B。推理判断题。由第五段首句和尾句尤其是“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder(创新的第一要素是好奇)”可推断出B项正确。20．The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us ________.

A. to give up our traditional habits deliberately

B. to create and develop new habits consciously

C. to resist the application of standardized testing

D. to believe that old habits conflict with new habits

答案：B。主旨大意题。总览文章可知，作者认为创新和新习惯的养成在很多方面是相通的，从而试图说服我们去有意识地创新和培养新习惯。

【广西省南宁市2014高考英语模拟试题】书面表达（满分25分）

近几年，随着网络的普及，越来越多的学生书写明显退步。为了保护传统的民族文化——汉字，你学校学生会向全校学生提出建议：

1. 减少课外上网时间，多读书；

2. 养成每天记日记的好习惯，练习书法；

3. 少发电子邮件，尽量动手给亲朋好友写书信。请你根据以上内容，代表学

生会写一封英文倡议书。

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；

3. 邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好。

4. 参考词汇:汉字Chinese characters

Dear friends,

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________

Let’s take action now!

Students’ Union 【参考范文】书面表达

Dear friends,

In recent years, many of us spend a lot of time on the Internet with its popularity. As a result, we don’t write as well as we did in the past. In order to protect our Chinese cha racters and improve our handwriting, we’d like to offer some suggestions: We should spend less time online so that we can have more time to read books. We’d better form the habit of keeping diaries every day to practice handwriting. Besides, it is better to write letters to our relatives and friends by hand rather than

send e-mails. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. So please pay more attention to our handwriting in the future.

Let’s take action now!

【广东省深圳市2014高考英语第一次调研考试】

基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇快讯，报道一次比赛的情况。

【写作内容】

保护森林，人人有责！

多人参赛，提交了1,000多幅作品

*废物：waste material **创意作品：creative works

【写作要求】

只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

【参考范文】基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）

Aiming to cultivate the good habit of protecting the environment, the Students Union held a creative work competition with the theme of making good use of waste materials. From Jan. 1st to

Feb, 10th, more than 900 students participated and presented through the Internet over 1,000 works mainly made of waste materials. About 200 participants got the first, second and third prizes respectively. Zhang Hua, whose work –“Protecting the forests, including you and me!” was made of old newspapers and magazines, got the first place. In this activity, the students not only have shown their enthusiasm, but also have raised their awareness of environmental protection.

写作评分标准

第一节：基础写作

一、评分原则

1、本题总分为15分，按3个方面给分。

2、评分时，首先根据文章句子结构的准确性，信息内容的完整性和连贯性, 初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。

4、评分时，应注意信息内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的准确性、上下文连贯性及语言的得体性。

5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

6、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

二、内容要点：（可以有不同的组合）

1．比赛的时间、对象及主题；

2．比赛的过程、结果及意义。

三、评分标准