3大工英语

大学英语3辅导资料三

主题:Unit 2的知识扩展

学习时间:2017年10月16日--10月22日

内容:

一、用一般时,不用进行时的动词(本课重点和难点)

1. 表示状态的动词没有进行时

我们只能说某种动作在进行,不说某种状态正在进行,所以表示“存在、所有、感情”之类的动词都没有进行时态。

2. 表示心理情感状态的动词:

know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, need, respect, prefer, mind, like, agree, wish, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love, hate, fear, hope, appreciate

3. 表示事实状态的动词:

appear, exist, remain, seem, belong, depend on, look(看似), lie(位于)

例题:

(1) All the furniture in the house _______ to the landlord.

A. is belonging

B. belongs

C. belong

D. are belonged

解析:furniture为不可数名词,谓语动词要用单数形式,而belong又是表示状态的动词,要用一般现在时,所以选择B。

(2) As a general rule, snakes _______ unless offended(触怒).

A. have not bitten

B. do not bite

C. will not be biting

D. are not biting

解析:本题指的是通常状态下,所以要用一般现在时。选择B。

(3) The earth _______ round the sun in 365 days.

A. moves

B. moved

C. has moved

D. move

解析:客观事实或真理要用一般现在时,所以选择A。

4. 瞬时动词没有进行时

动作为一时性,它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。例如:accept, allow, admit, complete, decide, end, give, receive, refuse, permit, promise

例题:

(1) He ______ his leg when he ______ in a football match.

A. broke; played

B. was breaking; was played

C. broke; was playing

D. was breaking; played

解析:break为瞬时动词,要用一般式;play要用过去进行时,表示他当时正在踢球。所以选择C。

(2) The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______.

A. will arrive

B. arrives

C. is going to arrive

D. is arriving

解析:arrive为瞬时动词,根据题意要用一般现在时。所以选择B。

5. 感官动词指本能自然的动作,时间短暂,不用进行时,如see, notice, hear, smell, taste, look, sound.

例题:

(1) – Do you like the material?

- Yes, it _______ very soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

解析:feel意为“感觉起来”,要用一般现在时,所以选择C。

6. Here / There开头的感叹句用现在时代替现在进行时。

e.g. Here comes our English teacher! = Here he comes!

There goes the car! = There it goes!

7. 现在时可以代替完成时。

see(明白,知道),hear, understand, forget, read, learn等词可用一般现在时表示“已知、已忘”。

I forget (= I have forgotten) his name.

I understand (= I have understood) what you mean.

二、使用过去时的典型例题

1. 有时没有明确的时间副词,但可以由上下文或由所提到的地点暗示出来。

2. 表示两件紧接着发生的动作,由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。

when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute

例题:

(1) – Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it.

– It’s 9569453.

A. didn’t

B. couldn’t

C. don’t

D. can’t

答案:A。

(2) Hello! I ______ you _______ in London. How long have you been here?

A. don’t know; were

B. hadn’t known; are

C. haven’t known; are

D. didn’t know; were

答案:D。

三、现在完成时的一些典型用法

1. 通常与现在完成时连用的词语

yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time

在使用这些词语时要注意以下问题:

(1) already一般用于肯定句,yet用于否定句和疑问句。如:

We have already seen the film.

John hasn’t found his watch yet.

Have you read this book yet?

(2) ever多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,表示“曾经”。never用于形式上的肯定句中表示“从未”。例如:

Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

We have never heard about it.

(3) often, always, several times等表示动作的频率。例如:

We have often been here.

Mary has read the text several times.

2. 现在完成时与过去时在使用副词词语方面的比较

(1) just now用在过去时,just用在现在完成时。

(2) ago用在过去时,before用在现在完成时。ago不能单独使用,前面要加a few days等,而before可以单独使用。

(3) [since + 过去某一时间点或从句] 用在完成时

[for + 一段时间] 用在完成时。例如:

I have studied French since 1960.

He has lived here since he was born.

We have known each other for a few years.

(4) 现在完成时不与疑问副词when连用,不与过去的确定时间副词连用。如:Wrong: She has broken a cup yesterday.

Wrong: When has Tom stayed with you?

例题:

(1) I like Shakespeare’s works. Up to now I ______ three of his plays.

A. had read

B. have read

C. was reading

D. am reading

解析:up to now用于现在完成时,所以选择B。

(2) – When are you planning to send the card to your friend?

– I _______ it already.

A. sent

B. had sent

C. have sent

D. was to send

解析:already可用于现在完成时,所以选择C。

3. 动词现在完成时态中的have been与have gone在用法上有哪些区别?

虽然have been和have gone都是现在完成时,但表达的意思不同。

have been表达的意思是“去过”。

have gone表达的意思是“去了”。

也就是说用have gone时,表示句中主语所指的人到某到过了。

have been表示句中主语所指的人曾经去过某地,但现在已不在那了。

在用法上区别很大。现请看例句:

(1) – Where is your father? I haven’t seen him for a few weeks.(你父亲到哪里去了?我有几个星期没有看见他了。)

– He has gone to the U.S.(他去美国了。)

(2) – Have you been to the Great Wall recently?(近来你去过长城吗?)

– Yes, I have been there several times.(是的,我去过几次。)

四、使用瞬时动词时应注意些什么?

一些动词如come, go, leave, arrive, start, begin, become, join, buy, receive, borrow, die, marry, return等的特点是:它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。使用这类动词时要注意以下几点:

如果要表示这些动词的延续意义时,不能使用它们的完成式加for引导的表示一段时间的短语的句式,而必须改用其它句型或改换其它有延续性的动词表示。请看下列汉译英例句:

(1) 他参军三年了。

译文:It is three years since he joined the Army.

或者He joined the Army three years ago.

或者He has been in the Army for three years.

此句不能译成:He has joined the Army for three years.

(2) 电影开演十分钟了。

译文:It is ten minutes since the film began.

或者The film began ten minutes ago.

或者The film has been on for ten minutes.

此句不能译成:The film has begun for ten minutes.

(3) 他来这里两个月了。

译文:It is two months since he came here.

或者:He came here two months ago.

或者:He has been here for two months.

此句不能译成:He has come here for two months.

(4) 他的女朋友回来十多天了。

译文:It is over ten days since his girlfriend returned.

或者:His girlfriend returned over ten days ago.

或者:His girlfriend has been back for over ten days.

此句不能译成:His girlfriend has returned for over ten days.

练习题(重点练习)

1. – Was Tom there when you arrived?

– Yes, but he ______ soon afterwards.

A. had left

B. left

C. will leave

D. leaves

2. When I was at college I ______ three foreign languages, but I ______ all except a few words of each.

A. spoke; had forgotten

B. spoke; have forgotten

C. had spoken; had forgotten

D. had spoken; have forgotten

3. – We could have walked to the station; it was so near.

– Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary.

A. wasn’t

B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be

D. won’t be

4. Where there _____ a will, there ______ a way.

A. is, will be

B. is, is

C. was, has been

D. was, is

5. The house is dirty. We ______ it for weeks.

A. didn’t clean

B. hadn’t cleaned

C. don’t clean

D. haven’t cleaned

6. – I wonder if I could use your computer tonight?

–___________ I'm not using it right now.

A. Sure, go ahead.

B. I don't know.

C. It doesn't matter.

D. Who cares?

7. – Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?

– __________ Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can't miss it.

A. I beg your pardon?

B. What do you mean?

C. You're welcome.

D. Mm, let me think.

8. – Wow! This is a marvelous room! I've never known you're so artistic.

– ______.

A. Great, I am very art-conscious

B. Don't mention it

C. Thanks for your compliment

D. It's fine

9. – Is it possible for you to work late tonight?

– _______.

A. I like it

B. I'll do that

C. I'd love to

D. I think so

10. – Unbelievable! I have failed the driving test again!

– _______. This is not the end of the world.

A. Good luck

B. Cheer up

C. Go ahead

D. No problem

答案:1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B

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