【工程学科英语(整合第二稿)】 参考答案
Unit One
Task 1
⑩④⑧③⑥⑦②⑤①⑨
Task 2
① be consistent with
他说，未来的改革必须符合自由贸易和开放投资的原则。
② specialize in
启动成本较低，因为每个企业都可以只专门从事一个很窄的领域。
③ d erive from
以上这些能力都源自一种叫机器学习的东西，它在许多现代人工智能应用中都处于核心地位。
④ A range of
创业公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式产品让人们欢欣鼓舞,跃跃欲试。
⑤ date back to
置身硅谷的我们时常淹没在各种"新新"方式之中，我们常常忘记了，我们只是在重新发现一些可追溯至涉及商业根本的朴素教训。
Task 3
T F F T F
Task 4
The most common view
The principle task of engineering: To take into account the customers ‘ needs and to find the appropriate technical means to accommodate these needs.
Commonly accepted claims:
Technology tries to find appropriate means for given ends or desires;
Technology is applied science;
Technology is the aggregate of all technological artifacts;
Technology is the total of all actions and institutions required to create artefacts or products and the total of all actions which make use of these artefacts or products.
The author’s opinion: it is a viewpoint with flaws.
Arguments:It must of course be taken for granted that the given simplified view of engineers with regard to technology has taken a turn within the last few decades. Observable changes: In many technical universities, the inter‐disciplinary courses are
alreadyinherent parts of the curriculum.
Task 5
① 工程师对于自己的职业行为最常见的观点是：他们是通过应用科学结论来计划、开发、
设计和推出技术产品的。
② 技术是应用科学，即它是定律中因果关系向终端意图关系的转化。
③ 抛开向顾客提供渴求产品的这些善举不说，工程师的其他所有行为不管是从道德上来看
还是从价值上判断都是处于中立的，因为找到适当的方式只是应用科学结论的一个任务而已。
④ 这些结论可以有对错之分，但谈不上好坏之别。应用科学被认为是一种自动或决定的过
程，其只受自然法则的约束，比如物理定律而不是道德条例。
⑤ 工程师的观点---就工程师是做什么的这一问题在这部分中进行了简要的描述---是纯粹
出于技术角度而言，同时也有些理想主义。
Task 6
① What challenges does cl imate change confront Indian farmers with?
For Indian farmers, climate change probably means that the yield in the coming years will go down significantly, which will bring about economic loss.
② In what way can technology help the farmers in India?
By introducing some more efficient methods, technology helps the farmers save labor, water, and money. In some degree, technology is helping some farmers reduce their
losses.
③ What does India’s government do to encourage the use of new technology?
The government is slowly changing its agricultural policy to recognize the effects of
changing climates. The state government also introduces special subsidy to encourage the farmers to use new technology.
Task 7
① a life-changer
② listen to an audio read-back
③ reading restaurant menus to studying papers in the classroom
④new pattern recognition and image-processing technology
⑤ adjust, or change the position of the camera and read printed materials out loud.
⑥ greater independence
⑦ a small computer screen that can be connected to eyeglasses
⑧ take photographs, record video and play sound
⑨ the lack of technology to assist blind people
⑩ has continued to improve over the past 20 years
? the industry is too concerned about making software programs for sharing photos and video games
? these business leaders are increasing the cost of living and not doing enough to help fix the problems of San Francisco
? the positive impact
? that fits in your pocket at a fast speed
? a game changer
Task 8
①不过随着对话的展开，我的经历就如爱丽丝一样，顺着那个兔子洞下去，看到了那扇通
往一个全新世界的大门。
②这里的窍门就是使用简单、易读的句子，让观众即使有点儿不明白也能够掌握要点，然
后接下来提供一些能够刺激我们感官的图像，并且能让我们对所描述的内容有更深层次的理解。
③用你们研究的科学，减去你们的点句式和术语，除以相关内容，就是要分享和观众有关
的内容，再乘以你对自己正在从事的这份神奇工作的激情，它就会等于：充分理解的、效果惊人的互动交流。
Task 9.
In this speech, Melissa Marshall shares some powerful tips on presenting complex scientific ideas to a general audience.
Five years ago, Marshall experienced a bit of what it must have been like to be Alice in Wonderland. Penn State asked her to teach a communications class for engineering students. And she was a little scared. Because these students impressed her with their big brains, their big books and their big, unfamiliar words. Having communicated with these stud ents, Marshall was so amazed at their ideas and their world that she decid ed to let others experience this wonderland. And she believed the key to opening that d oor is great communication.
Marshall thinks scientists and engineers are tackling the grandest challenges. In ord er to change the world, great communication is eagerly needed between scientists and non-scientists. If scientists and engineers can not have others know and und erstand what they have d one, the work they have devoted to will be insignificant. So it is greatly important
to find an effective way of communication.
Marshall shows some keys to make this communication more effective and smooth. First, scientists and engineers should learn to explain why the science is relevant to the common. Second, the d escription of science shoul d be more accessible to the common. Exampl es, stories and analogies, rather than jargons, are encouraged to use in this kind of d escription. Last, the bullet points may as well be dropped when scientists and engineers present their work. The single, readabl e sentence is more appreciated by the audience. And visuals are also necessary in this part, which helps to create a deeper sense of understanding of what’s being described.
Finally, Marshall summarizes with an equation of the effective communication for the scientists and engineers: Take their science, subtract the bullet points and jargons, divide by relevance, meaning share what's relevant to the audience, and multiply it by the passion that they have for this incredible work that they're d oing, and that is going to equal incredibl e interactions that are full of understanding.
These are just the keys Marshall shared to help us to open that d oor and see the wonderland that is science and engineering.
Task 10
1. accommodate
2. accumulate
3. adapt
4. adjacent
5.adjust
6. aggregate
7. all ocate
8. analogy
9. append 10. arbitrary 11. assemble 12. assume 13. automate 14. bond 15. capacity 16. chart 17. clarify 18. coherent 19. commence 20. commit
21. compatible 22. component 23. concurrent 24. confer 25. constitute 26. contradict 27. currency 28. Convene 29. convert 30. correspond
Unit Two
Task1
⑤⑦⑥⑧③④⑨②⑩①
Task2
① Regarding
谈到史密斯李威特说，她很棒，本来能跟公司里其他任何人一样做这份工作。
② be apt to
如果后续服务不到位，顾客可能会投诉产品或者服务，他们通过网络表达自己的不满。
最终这可能形成负面的网络口碑。
③ contrast with
佩里先生的评价跟华为在华盛顿收到的欢迎形成鲜明对比。
④ come to mind
虽然第一个让人想起的的是鞋店里吸引人眼球的价格标签，但是健康专家认为是鞋子的税有损女性健康，而不是那些引人注意的钱袋子。
⑤ non-issue
就像有些人认为的那样，人们相信道德风险只是一个无关紧要的事情？
Task 3
F T F T T
Task 4
Task 5
①丹尼是密西根大学航空工程大学毕业生，我很想找出他所受的教育是如何为他以后所具
有的企业家能力做准备的。
②由于浓厚的兴趣以及在竞争中取的成功而产生信心，竞赛胜利的奖金投入经营生意，
Skypecs公司在2012年三月加入密西根大学小企业孵化器。
③软件的所有的包容性让他真正印象深刻，Skyspecs公司也是看中这点才使用这个软件。
强大的模型制造和机器加工模拟让这款软件成为一站式商店。
④教育为其它活动奠定基础，但是实际动手操作的学习才是最重要的事。
⑤一旦我们动机强烈，技巧熟练的每个人同心协力，这会让我们无所不能。
Task 6
①People who are the most pompous can be the most unpopular speakers because they are
always quickest to the microphone and have mastered the art of talking without pausing so it’s impossibl e to interrupt them.
②Disgusting listeners usually sleep through the entire talk and afterwards ask the
speakers for a copy of their notes.
③The irritating moments for Simon: when he is giving a talk on glass recycling in hotel and
across the internal speaker system came “Robin Hood, Robin Hood Riding through the Glen”. On another conference he met all 11 of the other“del egates” in a room before the conference. However only 1 was delegate and the other 11 were speakers. Once he did a talk at an RAF base and the laptop was dead because the RAF IT person had forgotten to switch it on.
Task 7
① seek to create the car of the future
② to drive itself without human control
③manufactured in 3D printers
④a large television and an espresso coffee maker
⑤just sit and watch the steering wheel turn
⑥relax
⑦on the boring motorway traffic
⑧ built on a 3D printer
⑨ revolution
⑩ on a turtle shell
? the right amount of strength and firmness
?an environmentally friendly natural gas engine
?comfort and creativity
?emotional, expressive, charm-full
?voice or a large touch screen
Task 8
①我们的故事之所以非常重要是因为我们招收的学生并不是一开始就是学术界的佼佼者，
而是有色人种或那些常被忽视的人群。
② 可能你不知道，很多SAT（美国的高考）高分考生，学分很高的学生进入美国的著名大
学之后，入学时选读医学预科或者工程预科，后来很多学生都转去了别的专业。
③ 亚里士多德说过，“优秀绝不会出自偶然，优秀是强烈的动机、不懈的努力和智慧的共
同结果，在所有选项中它是最能体现智慧的一个。”
Task 9
Freeman Hrabowski talked about the four pillars of success of University of Maryland, Baltimore County, in educating different types of students across the arts and humanities and especially the science and engineering areas. Firstly he recalled his childhood about Martin L. King’s remarks of children’s involvement in participation in peaceful d emonstration. From this he learned that the children can be empowered to take ownership of their education. Because more and more American stud ents are not succeeding in science and engineering , he and some philanthropists began a program aimed at changing this situation. During this program he found out 4 pillars that can help students in science and engineering:high expectations(it is related to hard work and curiosity);the idea of building community among the stud ents(the students work in groups); the id ea that it takes researchers to produce researchers;having people who are willing as faculty to get involved with those stud ents, even in the classroom. This model helps them with evaluation, assessing what works. Then the
model was spread to red esign courses in arts an humanities. This model emphasizes collaboration, use of technol ogy, having students struggle with theories. For these four pillars of the model, the first two are actually the initiative of the learners while the latter two are concerned with the teachers’ responsibilities. Therefore during learning and teaching both students and teachers shoul d focus on their own respective aspects to improve learning.
Task 10
1. deduce
2. demonstrate
3. denote
4. derive
5. deviate
6. differentiate
7. discrete
8. dispose
9. distribute 10. domain
11. empirical 12. equate 13. erod e 14. evolve 15. facilitate 16. fluctuate 17. format 18. generate 19. highlight 20. hypothesis 21. decline 22. define 23. dimension 24. distort 25. draft
26. dynamic 27. encounter 28. entity 29. exclude 30. extract
Unit Three
Task 1
②⑤①④③⑨⑩⑥⑧⑦
Task 2
① open up
经济需要进一步解除管制，以帮助降低能源成本，开辟新的投资和就业领域。
② talent pool
然而，落后的基础设施和人才资源的不断萎缩，是印度的潜在的扩张的障碍。
③ come to life
而这里，在这座小屋里，我的精神似乎再次回到我的生命中。
④ end up
即使房主最终可能感觉不满意。
⑤ top-tier
一线城市的消费者经常在网上购买，因为零售商没有他们想要的国际产品。
Task 3
F T F F T
Task 4
Task 5
①虽然有很多重要因素，但大学生的调查研究可能是最终的因素。
②大学研究允许应用工程原则没有明确的或“正确”的答案
③就实习而言，它提供给学生工程方面不同的视角和细化选择方面给予帮助。
④因为研究工作比课程作业更为开放，需要从不同的知识库中汲取。
⑤因为缺乏技能和时间，大学生的调查研究的期望值往往较低，但是学生的研究成果不应
该被低估。
Task 6
①For a generation of European students, the Erasmus programme has been synonymous
with having a good time while studying in another country.
②Youth unempl oyment and the lack of job skills are now the more sober background. The
relaunched Erasmus will be expected to play a much bigger role in improving workplace skills. If the image of Erasmus has been students spending time in picturesque European University towns, it is also about apprentices from southern Europe finding about workplace training in the engineering centres of Austria and Germany.
Whil e most European Union budgets have been cut, Erasmus received a 40% increase, with over 14bn euros over sever years, It will be expected to accel erated the numbers it reaches, with a target of four million young people.
③The urgent problem that Erasmus will be expected to help tackle is the economic and
social damage of having 26 million peopl e unemployed across the European Union. with six million of them young people.
It is encouraging partnerships between countries that have a good system of vocational training with countries that d on’t have it, in order to learn from each other.
Task 7
① taking a drug
② Internet addicts
③ dependent
④ the biggest threat to its teenagers
⑤ an official medical condition
⑥ spend more than six hours online doing something other than work or study
⑦ 20 million
⑧ treat young addicts
⑨ do demanding physical exercises and take medication
⑩ they take education very seriously
? documentary
? doing military training
? a discipline, or sense of self-control
? 70 percent
? South Korea
Task 8
①我想知道核反应器究竟出了什么故障，放射线到底是怎么回事，我的家人是否有危险。
②所以互联网引起了革新，至少在软件和服务上，从商管博士驱动的创新模式，到设计师
－工程师驱动的创建模式，它把创新推进到了边缘，到了宿舍，到了新企业，远离了大型的研究机构，远离了不可侵犯、腰缠万贯、享有权威，却老而蠢笨的研究所。
③我们做各种各样的事情。我们做生物学，我们也做硬件。尼克拉思.尼格罗庞特的名言是
“或演示，或死亡”反过来就是“发表或者消亡”，那是典型的传统学术思维。
Task 9
Undergraduate research experiences foster skills, confidence, and the desire to pursue engineering careers. The academic community has long considered meaningful undergraduate research experiences with faculty members to be one of the most powerful of instructional tools. Undergraduate research has merits beyond expanding the engineering talent pool. Unlike coursework, research engages undergraduates in open-ended problems with no one correct solution. Research gives students a richer and better education experience, so they can apply what they’re learning in a lab environment. Active participation in uncovering and testing new theories and facts gives students a better appreciation for the discovery aspect of learning. Educators who oversee these programs say faculty typically enjoy mentoring undergraduates, even if they require extra time and patience. The experiences help them understand how to articulate their research and explain theory and technology in different way. It is important to serve as a role model and introduce as many undergraduate students to the fascinating world of research and all it has to offer academically, socially, and professionally.
Undergraduate research opportunities enable students to gain valuable skills in problem-solving and produce confidence when working independently. Undergraduate research allows for applying engineering principles where there is no well-defined or right answer. There are a number of reasons undergraduate research is important. Among these is the ability to test drive the job before graduation. Going through the process of finding and reading scientific articles, writing reports and iterating experimental design is not for everyone. Like internships, it gives students a different perspective on engineering and aids in refining choices. There Undergraduate research opportunities can provide many
meaningful experiences for students and can help hone their interests and get them work experience. Even where there are no established research programs, short-term opportunities at external facilities can be valuable. Although expectations for undergraduate research will typically be lower due to a lack of skills and time, the outcomes for the students shouldn’t be underestimated.
Task 10
1. illustrate
2. infer
3. initiate
4. integrate
5. intrinsic
6. invoke
7. levy
8. manipulate 5. mode 10. mediate 11. negate 12. norm 13. offset 14. notion 15. overlap 16. paradigm 17. parameter 18. perceive 1
9. perspective 20. phase
21. potential 22. precede 23. identical 24. impact 25. incentive 26. incline 27. inherent 28. interact 29. interval 30. layer
Unit Four
Task 1
②③⑥⑦④⑧⑤⑩①⑨
Task 2
①reflect back on
日记是一种很好的方式，可以回顾你已获得的成就、寻找其他可能的解决办法。
②multitude
他们说中国有大量的贸易壁垒、软弱的工会以及估值过低的货币。
③at scale
坦率地说，他们没有足够的公信力来提供规模化的网络服务。
④In case
如果你想知道的话，在现实生活中最快的网页浏览器还是谷歌浏览器。
⑤ prior to
三次自燃中有两次是发生在将汽车交付给顾客之前，当时是福特的员工在驾驶汽车。
Task 3
F T T F T
Task 4
Unfavorable facts:There’s a shift from industrial-focus careers to careers focused on business, during which engineers began to be replaced by professional business managers as leaders of the great businesses. As a result, the engineering mentality started to play a lesser role in business decision making.
Advantages owned by engineers: Engineers have been trained to have the ability to clarify purpose and align systems. They are detail-oriented and analytical. While they are meticulous, they still take risks, but calculated ones. They identify the root cause of a problem and provide an economical solution. They tend to have a very realistic outlook on situations and don’t add the fluff. They are tech-savvy and understand how it all works. Disadvantages of engineers:They don’t actively promote themselves. When studying engineering, leadership is simply overlooked. Because the curriculum for an engineering degree often doesn’t include business courses that trigger a business mentality
Ways to change: Change needs to start with reforming the education system. More needs to be done to help engineers to become successful entrepreneurs. Companies need to promote and place qualified engineers in leadership positions.
Significance of the change:The future of the engineering industry is closely tied of the future prosperity of America.
Task 5
①当今《财富》世界500强公司的首席执行官中有20%的人具有工程学学位，这一数字虽然很可观，但还有机会让更多的工程师成为领导。
②二十世纪五六十年代，美国文化开始由以工业为重心的职业向以商业为重心的职业转变。
③工程师往往回避自我推销，因为他们害怕过分修饰而偏离了真实的信息。
④据斯蒂芬·科维说，领导者要具备四个必要条件：他们必须能激发信任、明确目的、调整制度以及解放人才。
⑤想要改变国民对工程师的看法以及工程师对企业领导职位的看法，这无疑需要付出巨大的努力。
Task 6
① Everett Alvarez’s plane was hit on a bombing mission in 1964, and then he was captured and taken to Hoa Lo Prison. It’s difficult for Mr. Alvarez to get used to captivity, because he didn’t know what to do. He decided to resist, which brought him several times to the point of physical and mental breakdown, but he survived thanks to the mutual support of the other prisoners. When he was released in 1973, he had been held captive for eight and half years, and he attained his goal to come home with his personal integrity, reputation and honour.
② Because his experience of being a PoW taught him invaluable lessons that he has applied to his life and work, and it helped to form his firm character. He thought about his dreams when he was sitting in the cell. After he was released, he was awarded several military medals, and upon his return to the US became an overnight celebrity, which helped him form important political contacts. The years of torture and malnourishment had left him with many injuries, so Mr. Alvarez was helped by a government aid programme for disabled veterans when he set up his first business. All of these contribute a lot to his business success.
③ Passion means a strong belief in something or a strong interest in something. Here it means that someone must have a real interest in the thing he wants to build his business on and he must believe in himself and in the product.
Task 7
① the Japanese art of shaping paper to look like animals, flowers and other objects
② follow to assemble themselves, or put themselves together
③ 18 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters long
④ crab
⑤ quickly and cheaply
⑥ complex and functional
⑦ in real life with real materials
⑧ shape memory polymers
⑨ when they are heated
⑩ shrink
? circuit
? that it's assembled
? autonomous
? that can build themselves into different sizes
? self-building robots can be shipped flat in large numbers
Task 8
①我想建议四种可以立足的真正强有力的基石或者基础,这样才能让自己言语有力并影响这
个世界。
②我的一个朋友把它描述为坚持真实的自己，我觉得这是一个优美的表述。I，代表了正气
(Integrity)，言而有信，说到做到，成为别人能信任的人。
③我愿意跟你们在这里做一点儿探讨，找出几种工具。你也许想拿来试一下，这些将会增加
你说话的力量。
Task 9
Maybe the human voice is the most powerful sound in the world, but many people have the experience that when they speak, people don’t listen to them. In this useful talk, the sound expert, Julian Treasure, gives several useful tips on how to speak powerfully.
First, he suggests that people should move away from the seven bad habits: 1) gossip; 2) judging; 3) negativity; 4) complaining; 5) excuses; 6) lying; 7) dogmatism.
Then Julian puts forward four foundations that people can stand on if they want their speech to be powerful and to make change in the world. The first letters of these four things spell a word, namely “hail”, which means to greet or acclaim enthusiastically. The H stands for honesty, being clear and straight. The A is authenticity, being yourself. The I is integrity, being your word. And the L is love, wishing people well.
Next, he introduces some ways to say things which will increase the power of someone’s speaking. 1) Register. Someone can say something in a high or low register. But if
he wants weight, he needs to say it in a low voice, because people associate depth with power and authority. 2) Timbre. The research shows that people prefer voices which are rich, smooth and warm. 3) Prosody. People should avoid monotone and repetitive prosody. 4) Pace. People can slow down to emphasize, and a bit of silence in a talk can be very powerful.
5) Pitch. It often goes along with pace to indicate arousal. 6) Volume. Someone can express his excitement by using volume, or he can have other people’s attention by getting very quiet. When people have got something really important to do, they should make full use of these tools.
Finally, Julian shows the audience the six vocal warm-up exercises. And after that, he points out that if people were speaking powerfully to the audience who were listening consciously in environments which were actually fit for purpose, there would be a world that does sound beautiful and one where understanding would be the norm.
Task 10
1. preliminary
2. presume
3. prospect
4. protocol
5. ratio
6. regulate
7. reinforce
8. relevant
9. restore 10. revenue
11. scenario 12. secure 13. sequence 14. sphere 15. substitute
16. suspend 17. terminate 18. transmit 19. retain 20. reverse
21. Scope 22. seek 23. shift 24. specify 25. straightforward 26. submit 27. subordinate 28. sustain 29. trace 30. trigger
Unit Five
Task 1
②④③⑥⑧⑨⑩①⑦⑤
Task 2
① lay off
美国较灵活的就业市场，使得下岗员工求职更便捷、更低廉。
② high-stakes
但是国家仍然在争夺它的殖民地：土地和财富分配不均，以及易受到高风险的全球政治影响。
③ cutting-edge
斯瓦米纳坦说，许多中国学生缺少接受最前沿的管理教育的机会。
④ epoch-making
同时，美国在全球反恐战争上投入一定资金和资源之际，使得东南亚出现了真正划时代的变化。
⑤ coincid e with
这样的高层政治首脑会议经常与良好的双边贸易协定一致。
Task 3
T F T T F
Task 4
1. Good engineering managers abound/exist.
They are out there on the leading edge laying down the path for our engineers to succeed. 2. The graduates don’t have the foundational background to think with the different mindset of leadership and management. One software company ---- Google.
A good engineer does not always make a good manager.
Task 5
1. 这似乎像侮辱性的，失败主义者的，最终自我实现预言。
2. 然而，这是个不好的假象，你那最具高顶贡献的工程师会成为一名优秀的管理者。
3. 雇员发现我们的大学毕业生具备一定的基础知识，但是当他们向上晋升接受更高挑战的
时候，却不具备那种会用不同的领导管理思维去思考问题的基本知识。
4. 尽管确实如此，你的工程团队想知道他们的管理者是胜任这个技术职位工作的，但是，
这对优秀的工程部管理者而言却并不是最重要的技能。
5. 我并非不了解这一事实情况：管理者和被管理者之间一般会存在关系不和的情况的。
Task 6
1. He felt it was horrible and brutal.
2. Nutmeg’s difference is that it claims to have been the very first to base itself online.
3. He is an excellent entrepreneur, who creates an online-based investment management business ---- Nutmeg.
Task 7
① to test drones.
② aircraft without human pilots
③ unmanned aircraft system
④ national drone rules
⑤ how drones can share airspace
⑥ a larger aircraft
⑦ Air information sensors
⑧ air speed and altitude
⑨ through tubes to a computer that examines stability
⑩ greater safety
? a special eyewear
? objects in the flight path
? uninteresting, dirty
? radiation
? farm studies
Task 8
①你们创造了食物，创造了庇护所（避难所），你们是许许多多事物的创造者。而今天让我
很感兴趣的是你创造了你自己的世界，特别是科技在你的生活中的角色。
②创造者是创新的发起者，我想这样例子很多,比如说个人电脑产业的诞生。
③但是我们应该明白，很多产业的雏形，甚至如福特汽车，都源于玩耍和群体性的学习。
Task 9
All of us are makers
America was built by makers ---- curious, enthusiastic amateur inventors whose tinkering habit sparked whole new industries. A technol ogy and publishing enthusiast, Dal e
Dougherty founded MAKE magazine and created the world’s largest DIY festival, Maker Faire, which brings the do-it-yourself mindset to everyday technol ogy. Dougherty is the creator ofMaker Faire,which leads a growing maker movement in New York, Detroit and the Bay Area. He says we’re all makers at heart, and shows cool new tools to tinker with. Like Arduinos, affordable 3D printers, even DIY satellites.
Dale Dougherty believes that all of us are makers. We have the ability to make things, to grasp things with our hands. We use words like “grasp” metaphorically to also think about understanding things. We d on’t just live, but we make, we create things. He shows us a group of makers from Maker Faire and various places. So makers are enthusiasts; they’re amateurs; they’re people who l ove doing what they d o. They d on’t always even know why they’re doing it. We are makers of food; we are makers of shelter; we are makers of lots of different things, and we are makers of our own world, and particularly the role that technology has in our life. We are really drivers or passengers ---- to use a Volkswagen phrase. Makers are in control. That’s what fascinates them. That’s why they do what they d o. They want t o figure out how things work; they want to get access to it; and they want to control it. They want to use it to their own purpose.
Makers are a source of innovation, and it relates back to something like the birth of the personal computer industry. But i t’s important to und erstand that a lot of the origins of our industries come from this idea of playing and figuring things out in groups. Makers today, to some degree, are out on the edge. They’re not mainstream. They’re a little bit radical. They’re a bit subversive in what they d o. But at one time, it was fairly commonplace to think of yourself as a maker. So it goes on to show you people making things out of wood, a grandfather making a ship in a bottle, a woman making a pie ---- somewhat standard fare of the day. But it was a sense of pride that we made things, that the worl d around us was made by us. It didn’t just exist. We mad e it, and we were connected to it that way.
Our next generation should be makers, too. As a matter of fact, a lot of the origins of our industries come from this idea of playing. So the kids are particularly interested in this, in this ability to control the physical world and be abl e to use things like micro-controllers and build robots. The children’s creativity will be develop ed well. Maybe America will make more makers, our world will make more makers, because all of us are makers.
Task 10
大学体验英语(新新第二册)电子教本
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环境工程专业--分析化学实验
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高等学校教材 环境工程学 实验 南开大学环境科学与工程学院 环境工程学实验室
目录 实验室实验 实验一沉淀实验 (2) 实验二混凝实验 (6) 实验三静态活性炭吸附实验 (8) 实验四动态活性炭吸附实验.......................................................... ..11 实验五气浮实验.............................................. (12) 实验六逆流气浮实验................................................. . (14) 实验七曝气设备充氧能力的测定实验 (16) 实验八污泥脱水实验 (20)
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体验商务英语(第二版)课件第2册案例Dear Sirs or Madams
Dear Sirs or Madams: I am writing to invite you to attend this year’s conference, which will be held in Prague, Czech Republic, 21 – 24 November, 2008. The chief executive and the senior managers from the head office and the overseas sales managers will attend the conference. The purpose of the conference is, first of all, to enable the managers to know each other better. In addition, we would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your hard work. Most important of all, however, we will at the conference discuss how we can improve our products and services in the future. The venue we have chosen for this year’s conference is Hotel Moda. It is a 4-star hotel located about half an hour by underground to the city center. The hotel facilities are excellent with spacious bedrooms, a large swimming pool, sauna and Jacuzzi. Moreover, during the conference, we will arrange various activities for the participants, such as guided city tours, cultural tours, sightseeing and opera. I hope you will all be able to enjoy yourselves during the conference. The conference will commence on Saturday morning, 22 November. All the participants are required to arrive by Friday evening, 21 November, and leave by noon of Monday, 24 November. I sincerely wish that you can all attend this year’s conference and I look forward to meeting you in Prague. Sincerely yours, (226 words)
环境工程微生物学实验答案
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环境工程学实验教学大纲
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