ASME射线II级基础理论试卷

射线II级基础理论试卷

RT Level II General Examination

姓名： 答卷时间： 地点：

Name Time Location

得分： 评卷人： 时间：

Marks Examiner Date

1. Ｘ射线管中，轰击靶的电子运动速度取决于：( C )

A) 阴极材料的原子序数B) 灯丝材料的原子序数

C) 阴极和阳极之间的电位差D) 整流电路的电流

The velocity of electrons striking the target in an X-ray tube is a function of:

A) the atomic number of the cathode material

B) the atomic number of the filament material

C) the voltage difference between the cathode and anode

D) the current flow in the rectifier circuit

2. 哪种源发出的射线其穿透力最大？( C )

A) 钴60 B) 220kVpＸ射线管C) 15MeV回旋加速器D) 铱192发射的电子

Of the following, the source providing the most penetrating radiation is:

A) cobalt-60 B) 220kVp X-ray tube

C) 15MeV X-ray betatron D) electrons from iridium-192

3. 铱192源适用的厚度极限约为：( B )

A) 2英寸钢或当量厚度B) 4英寸钢或当量厚度

C) 15/2英寸钢或当量厚度D) 11英寸钢或当量厚度

An iridium-192 gamma-ray source has an approximate practical thickness limit of:

A) 2 inches of steel or its equivalent B) 4 inches of steel or its equivalent

C) 15/2 inches of steel or its equivalent D) 11 inches of steel or its equivalent

4. 单色Ｘ射线束：( D )

A) 是用来产生高对比度射线照片的窄射线束B) 也叫做多频Ｘ射线束

C) 是只含有标识射线的Ｘ射线束D) 是由单一波长射线组成的Ｘ射线束 A monochromatic X-ray beam:

A) is a narrow beam used to produce high contrast radiographs.

B) is also referred to as a heterogeneous X-ray beam.

C) is a beam containing only characteristic X-radiation.

D) is a beam consisting of a single wavelength.

5. 钴60源的半衰期为5.3年。用新钴源曝光一定时间可得到满意的射线照片，两年后用该钴源对

同一工件进行照相，为得到同样的射线照片，曝光时间应：( C )

A) 不变B) 约延长11% C) 约延长31% D) 约延长62～100%

Cobalt-60 is reported to have a half-life of 5.3 years. By how much should exposure time be increased (over that used initially to produce excellent radiographs when the cobalt-60 source was new) When the source is two years old?

A) no change in exposure time is needed

B) exposure time should be about 11 percent longer

C) exposure time should be about 31 percent longer

D) exposure time should be about 62 to 100 percent longer

6. 距1居里钴60源1英尺处的γ线强度约为：( A )

A) 15伦／小时 B) 1,000伦／小时C) 1伦／分 D) 10毫伦／天

The gamma-ray intensity at one foot from a one curie source of radioactive cobalt-60 is nearest: A) 15 roentgens per hour B) 1,000 roentgens per hour

C) 1 roentgen per minute D) 10 milliroentgens per day

7. 胶片特性曲线上，过两个特定密度点的直线的斜率叫做：( C )

A) 曲线的速度B) 宽容度C) 平均梯度D) 密度

The slope of a straight line joining two points of specified densities on a characteristic curve of a film is known as the:

A) speed of the curve B) latitude C) average gradient D) density

8. 有些Ｘ射线管中循环油的作用是：( D )

A) 润滑运动部件B) 吸收二次射线C) 降低需要的高电流D) 散热

The purpose for circulating oil in some types of X-ray tubes is:

A) to lubricate moving parts B) to absorb secondary radiation

C) to decrease to need for high current D) to dissipate heat

9. 小焦点Ｘ射线管比大焦点Ｘ射线管的好处是：( B )

A) 发射的射线穿透力大B) 得到的射线照片清晰度好

C) 得到的射线照片对比度低D) 得到的底片密度高

An X-ray tube with a small focal spot is considered better than one with a large focal spot when it is desired to obtain:

A) greater penetrating power B) better definition

C) less contrast D) greater film density

10. 定影液使用一定时间后活度会降低，这是因为：( C )

A) 起作用的成分蒸发掉B) 起作用的成分被射线照片吸收掉

C) 定影液里堆积了可溶性银盐D) 起作用的成分沉淀到槽子底部

The activity of the fixer diminishes after being used for a period of time because:

A) the active ingredients evaporate

B) the active ingredients are absorbed by the radiograph

C) the fixer solution accumulates soluble silver salts

D) the active ingredients settle to the bottom of the tank

11. 降低射线照相对比度的一种方法是：( C )

A) 增大射线源到物体的距离B) 减小物体到胶片的距离

C) 减小射线的波长D) 在制造厂推荐的范围内延长显影时间

One method of reducing radiographic contrast is to:

A) increase the distance between the radiation source and the object.

B) decrease the distance between the object and the film.

C) decrease the wavelength of the radiation used.

D) increase development time within manufacturer's recommendations.

12. Ｘ射线额定值为250kVp，该射线管的最高工作电压为：( A )

A) 250,000伏峰值 B) 250kV有效值 C) 250,000,000伏均方根值 D) 250kV平均值

An X-ray tube is rated for a maximum of 250kVp. This tube may be operated at a maximum of:

A) 250,000 volts peak voltage B) 250kV effective voltage

C) 250,000,000 volts rms voltage D) 250kV average voltage

13. 一个电压调节器由铁芯变压器组成，变压器只有一个绕组，绕组上有许多插头。这种电

压调节器叫做：( C )

A) 高压变压器B) 灯丝变压器C) 自耦变压器D) 电源变压器

A voltage selector consisting of an iron core transformer with a single winding having a series of

taps at various points on the winding is called:

A) a high-voltage transformer B) a filament transformer

C) an autotransformer D) a power transformer

14. 材料阻挡或部分阻挡Ｘ射线和γ射线通过的能力叫做：( C )

A) 穿透B) 绝对值C) 吸收D) 宽容度

The ability of a material to block or partially block the passage of X-rays and gamma rays is

referred to as:

A) penetration B) absolution C) absorption D) latitude

15. 与低压射线照片相比，高能射线照片：( B )

A) 对比度较高B) 宽容度较大C) 受散射线影响较大D) 以上都不对

In comparision with lower-voltage radiographs, high-energy radiographs show:

A) greater contrast B) greater latitude

C) greater amounts of scatter radiation relative to primary beam intensity

D) none of the above

16. Ｘ射线管窗口放置滤波器的目的是：( C )

A) 产生二次射线以增强Ｘ射线束

B) 滤掉短波长Ｘ射线以获得“较软”的射线

C) 滤掉“软”射线以获得比较单纯的Ｘ射线束

D) 使Ｘ射线强度容易调整

Filters used at the port of the X-ray tube:

A) intensify the X-ray beam by contributing secondary radiation

B) filter short wavelength X-ray beams to provide “softer” radiation

C) filter out “soft” radiation to provide a more homogeneous X-ray beam

D) provide the most readily adjusted means of modifying X-ray intensity

17. 施加于Ｘ射线管的电压会影响：( C )

A) 射线的质B) 射线的强度C) A和B都是D) A和B都不是

The kilovoltage applied to an X-ray tube affects:

A) the quality of the beam B) the intensity of the beam

C) both A and B above D) neither A nor B above

18. 射线照片的几何不清晰度：( B )

A) 与物体到胶片的距离成正比，与焦点尺寸成反比

B) 与焦点尺寸成正比，与源到胶片距离成反比

C) 与物体到胶片距离成反比，与源到胶片距离成正比

D) 与焦点尺寸以及物体到胶片距离成反比

The amount of unsharpness or blurring of a radiograph is:

A) directly proportional to the object-to-film distance and inversely proportional to the size of the

focal spot.

B) directly proportional to the size of the focal spot and inversely proportional to the

source-to-film distance.

C) inversely proportional to the object-to-film distance and directly proportional to the

source-to-object distance.

D) inversely proportional to the size of the focal spot and the object-to-film distance.

19. 表示密度与相对曝光量对数关系的曲线叫做：( C )

A) 灵敏度曲线B) 密度－曝光量曲线C) H和D曲线D) Ｘ射线强度曲线

A curve relating density with the logarithm of exposure or of relative exposure is called:

A) a sensitivity curve B) a density exposure curve

C) an H & D curve D) X-ray intensity curve

20. 将Ｘ射线管置于两个不同位置，对一张胶片进行两次曝光，这样，依据缺陷影像相对于

试样前后表面上固定标记的影像的位移便可计算出缺陷深度，这种方法叫做：( D )

A) 立体射线照相B) 零射线照相C) 荧光屏法D) 平行移动深度定位法

The depth of a discontinuity may be estimated by making two exposures on a single film from two different positions of the X-ray tube. The depth of the discontinuity is computed from the shift in the shadow of the discontinuity with respect to the images of fixed markers on the front and back of the specimen. The method is referred to as:

A) stereoradiography B) zero-radiography

C) fluoroscopy D) the parallax method of depth location

21. 粗粒Ｘ射线胶片：( C )

A) 比细粒Ｘ射线胶片得到的射线照片清晰度好 B) 比细粒Ｘ射线胶片的感光速度慢

C) 比细粒Ｘ射线胶片的感光速度快D) 比细粒Ｘ射线胶片需要的曝光时间长

X-ray films with large grain size:

A) will produce radiographs with better definition than film with small grain size

B) have slower speeds than those with a relatively small grain size

C) have higher speeds than those with a relatively small grain size

D) will take longer to expose properly than film with relatively small grain size

22. Ｘ射线管靶最常用的材料是：( D )

A) 铜B) 碳C) 碳化物D) 钨

The most commonly used target material in an X-ray tube is:

A) copper B) carbon C) carbide D) tungsten

23. 由磁铁和变压器配合，在环形轨道中加速电子的装置叫做：( C )

A) 静电发生器B) 直线加速器C) 回旋加速器D) 电磁感应型Ｘ射线管

A device which is basically a combination of magnet and transformer designed to guide and

accelerate electrons in a circular orbit to very high energies is called a:

A) electrostatic belt generator B) linear accelerator

C) betatron D) toroidal electromagnetic-type X-ray tube

24. 应用几何原理的一般法则是：( D )

A) 在条件允许的情况下，发射Ｘ射线的焦点尽可能大

B) 射线源与被检材料之间的距离应尽可能小

C) 胶片离被检物体应尽可能远

D) 中心射线应尽可能垂直于胶片平面

A general rule governing the application of the geometric principles of shadow formation states that:

A) the X-rays should proceed from as large a focal spot as other considerations will allow

B) the distance between the radiation source and the material examined should be as small as practical

C) the film should be as far as possible from the object being radiographed

D) the central ray should be as nearly perpendicular to the film as possible to preserve spatial relationships

25. 试样对Ｘ射线的吸收取决于：( C )

A) 材料的厚度和密度B) 材料的原子序数C) A和B D) A和B都不是

The X-ray absorption of a specimen depends on:

A) the thickness and density of the material B) the atomic number of the material

C) both A and B above D) neither A nor B

26. 公式（毫安×时间）／（距离）2是：( D )

A) 用来计算胶片梯度的B) 倒数定律

C) 用来计算射线照相对比度的D) 曝光因子

The formula (milliamperes × time)/ (distance)2 is:

A) used to calculate film gradient B) the reciprocity law

C) used to determine radiographic contrast D) the exposure factor

27. 几何因素不适当，胶片和铅箔屏接触不良以及胶片粒度是造成下列哪种情况的可能原因？( B )

A) 胶片密度过高B) 清晰度不好C) 胶片灰雾D) 胶片密度过低

Improper geometric factors, poor contact between film and lead foil screens, and graininess of film are possible causes of:

A) high film density B) poor definition C) fogged film D) low film density

28. 下列哪种因素对射线照片图像密度无显著影响？( B )

A) 使用的胶片型号B) 胶片尺寸

C) Ｘ射线源或γ射线源发射的射线的总量D) 屏的增感作用

Which of the following factors will not materially influence the image density of a radiograph?

A) the type of film used B) the size of the film

C) the total amount of radiation emitted by the X-ray or gamma-ray source

D) the intensifying action of the screen

29. 胶片在高温和高湿度条件下长时间放于铅屏之间会：( B )

A) 感光速度增加但质量降低B) 产生灰雾

C) 产生斑点D) 在最终射线照片上出现亮的树枝状图像

Films that are left between lead screens too long in a high-temperature and high-humidity

atmosphere may:

A) show increased speed but decreased quality characteristics

B) become fogged

C) become mottled

D) show tree-shaped light areas in the finished radiograph

30. 胶片的选择取决于：( D )

A) 零件厚度B) 零件的材料C) Ｘ射线机的电压范围D) 以上都是

Film selection for an X-ray exposure depends on:

A) thickness of the part B) the material of the specimen

C) the voltage range of the X-ray machine D) all of the above

31. 说明射线照片上可以看出的最小细节的尺寸的定性术语是：( A )

A) 射线照相灵敏度B) 射线照相清晰度C) 射线照相对比度D) 被摄物对比度

A qualitative term often used to indicate the size of the smallest detail which can be seen in a

radiograph is:

A) radiographic sensitivity B) radiographic definition

C) radiographic contrast D) subject contrast

32. 有一次曝光时，源到胶片距离为4英尺，曝光时间60秒，若源到胶片距离变为5英尺，为得

到同样的结果，曝光时间应变为：( B )

A) 75秒B) 94秒C) 48秒D) 38秒

If an exposure time of 60 seconds and a source-to-film distance of 4 feet is necessary for a

particular exposure what exposure time would be needed for an equivalent exposure if the

source-to-film distance is changed to 5 feet?

A) 75 seconds B) 94 seconds C) 48seconds D) 38 seconds

33. 一个试样用40kV进行射线照相，如果用50kV曝光，可通过时间增减获得密度相同的射线照

片，在这种情况下，下列哪种说法是正确的？( C ) A) 40kV曝光比50kV曝光对比度低，宽容度大

B) 40kV曝光比50kV曝光对比度高，宽容度大

C) 50kV曝光比40kV曝光对比度低，宽容度大

D) 50kV曝光比40kV曝光对比度高，宽容度大

If a specimen were radiographed at 40kV and again at 50kV with time compensation to give the radiographs the same density, which of the following statements would be true?

A) the 40kV exposure would have a lower contrast and a greater latitude than the 50kV exposure

B) the 40kV exposure would have a higher contrast and a greater latitude than the 50kV exposure

C) the 50kV exposure would have a lower contrast and a greater latitude than the 40kV exposure

D) the 50kV exposure would have a higher contrast and a greater latitude than the 40kV exposure

34.γ射线源中，放射性材料的聚集程度是指：( A )

A) 源的放射性比活度B) 源的质量C) 源的原子量D) 源的半衰期

The degree of concentration of the radioactive material in a gamma-ray source is referred to as:

A) the specific activity of the source B) the quality of the source

C) the atomic weight of the source D) the half-life of the source

35. Ｘ射线设备上，Ｘ射线发生器的控制器的作用是：( B )

A) 保持Ｘ射线束的方向和宽度

B) 使操作者能得到需要的强度，质量和曝光时间

C) 使操作者能远距离调整焦距

D) 改变交流电流以增大Ｘ射线的强度

The main purpose of the X-ray generator controls on the equipment is:

A) to maintain the direction and width of the X-ray beam

B) to enable the operator to obtain the intensity, quality, and duration of exposure desired

C) to allow the operator to adjust Film Focal Distance remotely

D) to change alternating current to increase X-ray intensity

36. 管焊缝射线照片上，焊缝区有一个非常亮的形状不规则的小影像，这个影像可能是由

什么缺陷产生的？( C )

A) 气孔B) 夹渣C) 钨夹渣D) 未熔合

On a radiograph of a pipe weld there is a very light irregularly-shaped small image in the weld.

This image would most likely be due to the presence of:

A) porosity B) slag inclusion C) tungsten inclusion D) inadequate buildup

37. 钴59在核反应堆中变为钴60时，吸收：( B )

A) 一个电子B) 一个中子C) 一个质子D) 污染

Cobalt-59 becomes cobalt-60 when it is placed in a nuclear reactor where it captures:

A) an electron B) a neutron C) a proton D) contamination

38. 显影液是: ( B )

A) 酸性的B) 碱性的C) 盐D) 胶体

The developer solution is:

A) acid B) alkaline C) saline D) colloidal

39. 10居里钴60源衰减到5/2居里大约需要多长时间：( C )

A) 5.3天B) 5.3年C) 10.6年D) 以上都不对

Approximately how long would it take for a 10 curies cobalt-60 source to decay to 5/2 curies?

A) 5.3 days B) 5.3 years C) 10.6 years D) none of the above

40. 依据定义，宽容度大的胶片：( B )

A) 清晰度不好B) 对比度低C) 速度高D) 以上都不是

An X-ray film having wide latitude also has, by definition:

A) poor definition B) low contrast C) high speed D) none of the above

41. 计算几何不清晰度Ug的公式是：( D )

A) Ug=f/td B) f=Ug·t/d D) Ug=dt/f D) Ug=ft/d

式中：d＝源到物体的距离t＝物体到胶片的距离f＝射线源尺寸

The correct equation for determining geometric unsharpness Ug is:

A) Ug=f/td B) f=Ug·t/d D) Ug=dt/f D) Ug=ft/d

d=source-to-object distance t=object-to-film distance f=size of radiation source

42. 特性曲线的斜率用来度量：( D )

A) 被摄物对比度B) 射线照相清晰度D) 射线照相对比度D) 胶片对比度

The slope (steepness) of a characteristic curve is a measure of:

A) subject contrast B) radiographic definition C) radiographic contrast D) film contrast

43. 电压超过400kV时，用铅作防护材料可能存在很大问题，在这种情况下，下列哪种材料最适

合于作为防护材料：( B )

A) 铝B) 混凝土C) 钢D) 硼

At voltages above 400kV, the use of lead to provide protection may present serious problems. If this should be a serious problem, which of the following materials would most likely be used as a substitute?

A) Aluminum B) Concrete C) Steel D) Boron

44. 决定试样对Ｘ射线吸收量的最重要的因素是：( C )

A) 试样厚度B) 试样密度C) 材料的原子序数D) 材料的杨氏模量

The most important factor for determining the amount of X-ray absorption of a specimen is the:

A) thickness of the specimen B) density of the specimen

C) atomic number of the material D) young's modulus of the material

45. 一张射线照片是用500kV电压拍照的。如果提高电压而使射线能量提高其它条件不变，则：( D )

A) 若使用高速胶片，胶片粒度将显著增大B) 若使用低速胶片，胶片粒度将显著减小

C) 若使用Ⅰ型胶片，粒度将显著增大D) 胶片粒度无明显变化

A radiograph is taken at a voltage of 500kV. If the voltage is increased with a resultant increase in

the energy of radiation while all other conditions remain the same:

A) the graininess of the film will increase significantly if a high-speed film is used

B) the graininess of the film will decrease significantly if a low-speed film is used

C) the graininess of the film will increase significantly if a class I film is used

D) there will be little significant change in the graininess of the film

46. 射线照片和荧光图像之间的基本差别是：( B )

A) 荧光屏图像比较灵敏B) 荧光屏图像是正像，射线照片是负像

C) 荧光屏图像比较亮D) 两者之间无根本差别

A basic difference between a radiograph and a fluoroscopic image is:

A) the fluoroscopic image is more sensitive

B) the fluoroscopic image is a positive whereas the radiograph is a negative transparency

C) the fluoroscopic image is brighter

D) there is no basic difference between the two

47. 将一张含有针孔的铅板放于Ｘ射线管和胶片之间的中间位置上，可以用来：( A )

A) 测定焦点的近似尺寸B) 测量中心射线的强度

C) 过滤散射线D) 软化Ｘ射线

A lead sheet containing a pinhole may be placed halfway between the X-ray tube and the film in

order to:

A) determine the approximate size of the focal spot B) measure the intensity of the central ray

C) filter scatter radiation D) soften the X-radiation

48. 有时在试样周围放置铅丸是有好处的，其目的是：( D )

A) 防止试样移动B) 提高被摄物对比度

C) 发生波长较短的射线D) 减少从试样边缘进入散射线的影响

In certain cases, it may be advantageous to pack lead shot around a specimen.

The purpose for doing this is:

A) to prevent movement of the specimen

B) to increase the subject contrast

C) to generate smaller wavelength X-ray

D) to decrease the effect of scattered radiation undercutting the specimen

49. 大功率Ｘ射线管阳极冷却的最常用的方法是: ( C )

A) 辐射冷却，即实心钨阳极达到高温，将一定的热量辐射出去

B) 用循环冷却空气冷却

C) 在阳极中循环水或油冷却

D) 外部鳍状散热器冷却

The most common way of cooling the anode of a high-power X-ray tube is:

A) cooling by radiation, in which a solid tungsten anode attains such high temperatures that it

radiates an appreciable amount of heat.

B) cooling by means of circulating cooled air.

C) cooling by circulation of water or oil in the anode.

D) cooling by means of external finned radiators.

50. Ｘ射线曝光夹或暗盒后面通常要放一张与之非紧密接触的铅屏，该铅屏的作用是： ( B )

A) 起增感作用B) 防止胶片受背散射的影响C) A和B D) A和B都不是

X-ray exposure holders and cassettes often incorporate a sheet of lead foil in the back which is not in intimate contact with the film. The purpose of this sheet of lead foil is:

A) to act as an intensifying screen B) to protect the film from backscatter

C) both A and B above D) neither A nor B above