注意复合句中的时态呼应

注意复合句中的时态呼应问题


宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句往往要和主句的时态呼应，我们应高度重视这一现象。
一、宾语从句
1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句时态不受主句限制，可根据实际情况，选用各种适合的时态。例如：
Do you know where she lives? 你知道她住在哪儿吗？
I don’t know he was mending the car this time yesterday.
我不知道昨天这时候他在修车。
She doesn’t want to know if he has been to England before.
她不想知道以前他是否去过英国。
2. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句必须使用表示过去的某种时态，也就是要用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。例如：
He said the fastest way to travel was by plane.
他说最快的旅行方式是坐飞机。
Wang Li told me that she would visit her uncle the next Sunday.
王莉告诉我下个星期天看她叔叔。
Lao Li asked if she had already read the book.
老李问她是否已经看了那本书。
Did the children know whom was he waiting for at that time?
孩子们知道那时他在等谁吗？
3. 当宾语从句表达的是客观事实、科学真理、格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，总用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told them in class that the sun rises in the east.
老师在课堂上告诉他们太阳在东方升起。
He asked me if the moon travels round the sun.
他问我月球是否绕着太阳转。
When I was a child, the old man often told me time is money.
小时后，这位老人常告诉我一寸光阴一寸金。
二、状语从句
4. 在以when, before, after, as soon as, until, whenever 等引导的时间状语从句以及if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。例如；
I will tell her the good news when she comes.
她来时，我就告诉她这个好消息。
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
我一到纽约就给你打电话。
You won’t get off the bus until it stops. 直到车停了再下车。
Whenever we’re in trouble, he’ll help us.
无论何时遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, they will go to Mount Tai.
如果明天不下雨，他们就去泰山。
We won’t find good jobs unless we study hard.
除非努力学习，否则我们找不到好工作。
5. 在以since 引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句是现在完成时，从句则用一般过去时。例如：
Miss Smith has made a lot of friends since she came to Shanghai.
史密斯小姐自从来到上海已经交了许多朋友。
It has been/is ten years since he joined the Party.
他入党十年了。
6. 在以because 引导的原因状语从句中，如果主句是一般

将来时，从句可以用一般现在时或现在
完成时；如果主句是过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时。例如：
We’ll go climbing the hill because it is very fine.
因为天气很好，所以我们要去爬山。
I won’t go to see the film tonight because I have lost the ticket.
今晚我不去看电影，因为我丢了票。
He hadn’t seen the film because he lost the ticket.
因为他丢了票，所以没去看电影。
7. 如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而且有先后，则先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：
By the time he got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.
到他到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
The sports meeting had been on for half an hour when he reached the playground. 当他到操场时，运动会已进行了半小时了。
注意：当发生在过去的动作的时间先后关系比较明显或是一系列的动作时，也可以都用过去时。例如：
He had a bath as soon as he came back. 他一回来就洗了个澡。
She became a doctor for children after she graduated.
她毕业后当了一名儿科医生。
He got up, washed his face, brushed his teeth, put on his coat and went out for a walk. 他起床、洗脸、刷牙、穿上外套，出去了。
三、定语从句
8. 当主句是现在时态或将来时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选用适合的时态。例如：
Who is the man that is reading a book over there?
在那边看书的人是谁？
The silk that is produced in Hangzhou sells well.
杭州出产的丝销售良好。
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
昨天参观我们学校的外国人是加拿大人。
Do you know the man whose wife has been abroad?
你认识那个妻子出国的人吗？
Someone has stolen my necklace that you gave me as birthday present.
有人偷走了你给我作为生日礼物的项链。
I will never forget the day when I met you.
我永远不会忘记见你的那一天。
9. 当主句是过去时态时，从句一般应用过去的某种时态。例如：
The songs that the Beatles sang were very popular.
甲壳虫乐队唱的歌很受欢迎。
The bag that had been stolen wasn’t found yesterday.
昨天没找到被偷的包。
Was that the parrot that you were looking for?
那是你在找的鹦鹉吗？
He didn’t know the girl who would fly to Australia the next day.
她不认识那个明天飞往澳洲的女孩。