冶金工程专业英语终极版(肖政伟)

1．化学平衡chemical equilibrium 2．2.溶剂萃取solvent extraction

3.硫酸钠sodium sulfate

4.4. 鼓风炉blast furnace

5 可挥发的volatile

6 独立组分component

7 堆浸heap leaching

8 热传递heat transfer

9 提取冶金extraction metallurgy

10 冶金工程metallurgy engineering

11 pyrometallurgy 火法冶金

12 electric arc furnace 电弧炉

13 lean ore贫矿

14 pregnant liquor 母液

15 hydrochloric acid 盐酸

16 phase diagram 相图

17 gangue 脉石

18 efficiency 效率

19 diffusion 扩散

20 electro-winning 电解提取

1．So that a kiln temperature of 1273K would be ample to provide a rapid temperature rise in the mineral particles to decomposition temperature. As explained in the page 193 the rate of decomposition is probably controlled by the rate of heat transfer into the particle ,so that even higher kiln temperatures would be expected to increase production rates but at some cost in fuel. Since the solid residual product is likely to be of porous and permeable texture the escape of gaseous product is not inhibited and its pressure at the decomposition front is likely to be little higher than atmospheric.

因此，1000℃的窑温将足以使矿粒内部的温度迅速升高到分解温度。正像193页所阐述的那样，分解速率很可能由向矿粒内部传热的速率控制，因此，为了提高产率甚至可以期望更高的窑温，但是要以一定程度的燃料消耗为代价。由于分解产物很可能具有多孔的、可渗透的织构，气体产物的逸出不受抑制，因此，分解前沿气体产物的压力可能稍稍高于在大气压。

2．While roasting may appear at first sight to be rather a simple, unsophisticated process, it does usually require quite close control, sometimes of temperature, sometimes of furnace atmosphere, sometimes of rate of throughput of materials and occasionally of all three at once (see page 273). In the case of a magnetizing roast of haematite to magnetite the composition of the furnace atmosphere is of greatest importance. Supposing that the reduction is to be effected by carbon monoxide, obtained by burning a fuel with a small deficiency of air, the principal reaction will be :

尽管焙烧乍看起来是一个非常简单的、清楚易懂的过程，但通常要求很严密的控制：有时需控制温度，有时需控制炉子气氛，有时需控制物料流量，往往还需要同时控制以上三种因素（见273页）。对赤铁矿磁化焙烧成磁铁矿而言，炉子气氛组成具有极其重要的意义。假定还原反应通过燃料与稍稍欠量的空气燃烧获得的CO进行的，主要反应为：

3Fe2O3 + CO = 2Fe3O4 + CO2 ; ?G0T = -33,230-53.9T Jmol-1

3．S melting is essentially a melting process in which the components of

the charge in the molten state separate into two or more layers which including values, may also appear in furnace gases. Fluxes may be included in the charge to facilitate the formation of the slag which is usually the least fusible phase. Smelting does not necessarily involve any refining, but the opportunity may be taken to adjust the composition of the slag, the oxygen potential or the temperature so that unwanted elements are collected preferentially into the slag, speiss or vapour phases.

熔炼基本上是一个熔化过程，在此过程中炉料的组元在熔融状态下分解为两层或多层，这些层次可以是熔渣、冰铜、黄渣或金属。炉料的成分中，有时含一些有价组分，这些有价组分也可能出现在炉气中。炉料中可包含熔剂，以促进通常情况下最难熔的渣相的形成。熔炼未必涉及任何精炼，但可以利用熔炼的机会来调整炉渣的组成、氧势和温度，从而使不想要的元素优先地汇集于炉渣、黄渣或者蒸汽相中。

4．It would be expected that any FeS present would reduce this Fe3O4 and indeed under oxidizing conditions very little sulphide is found in the slag. The oxygen diffuses from the magnetite-rich surface to the slag-matte interface where it oxidizes the iron in the matte, raising the O/Fe ratio in that phase above unity. Some oxidation of sulphur might be expected here also but this may be restrained by the kinetics of nucleation of SO2. The thermodynamics of this complex system have not yet been worked out but in practice the O/Fe ratio in the matte can rise so high that magnetite is precipitated.

可以料想只要有FeS存在就会减少这种Fe3O4，而且在氧化条件下渣中的确极少有硫化物存在。氧从富磁铁矿的表面扩散到渣—冰铜界面，并在界面处将冰铜中的铁氧化，使冰铜中的O/Fe比升高，超过1（O/Fe=1，冰铜中的铁以FeO 的形式存在；若O/Fe>1，说明有一部分FeO被氧化成Fe3O4了）。在渣—冰铜界面处也可以期望发生硫的一定程度的氧化，但这可能受SO2（气泡）形核

动力学的限制。这个复杂体系的热力学还没有研究清楚，但在实际生产中，冰铜中的O/Fe比会升高到足以析出磁铁矿晶体的程度。

5．The essential condition are that the valuable mineral must be soluble in water or in some other cheap reagent like sulphuric acid or that it can be rendered so soluble. Pre-treatment is usually necessary to render the valuable mineral accessible to the solvent and chemically capable of being dissolved in it---i.e crushing and grinding, and possibly roasting to sulphate or chloride may be necessary. Leaching is also used, and to an increasing extent, as an intermediate process to be applied to the crushed products of smelting operations.

（湿法冶金的）基本条件是有价矿物必须溶于水或某种类似于硫酸的其它廉价试剂中，再或是能促使有价矿物具有类似的溶解性。为了促使有价矿物易于进入溶剂并能够溶解于其中，通常需要（对矿石）进行预处理，即破碎和研磨，可能还需要（将矿石）焙烧成硫酸盐或者氯化物。浸出也越来越多地作为一种中间过程应用于熔炼作业的破碎产物。