英语四六级写作(考前终极版)必看

英语四六级写作(考前终极版)必看
英语四六级写作(考前终极版)必看

英语四六级写作(考前终极版)

一、写作中要巧用连接词

要想使文章有整体性、连贯性,就要学会正确使用连接词。新东方在线网络课堂老师希望大家能将以下连词都背一下,将会起到提高作文分数的作用。

表示罗列增加

First, second, third,

First, then / next, after that / next, finally

For one thing … for another…,

On (the) one hand…on the other hand,

Besides / what?s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,

Especially / In particular,

表示时间顺序

now, at present, recently,

after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,

at first, in the beginning, to begin with,

later, next, finally,

immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment

form now on, from then on,

at the same time, meanwhile,

till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,

表示解释说明

now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover

furthermore, in fact, actually

表示转折关系

but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other

hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for),instead, of course, after all,

表示并列关系

or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or,

neither …nor

表示因果关系

because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of),otherwise, so…that, such…that

表示条件关系

as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless

表示让步关系

though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,

whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)

表示举例

for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example

表示比较

be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,

表示目的

for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,

表示强调

in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,

obviously, above all,

表示概括归纳

in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion

三招从容应对词汇匮乏

在四、六级作文中,词汇量不足是影响成绩的一个重要因素。一个意思往往因为一个单词不会而表达不清,一个好的句子也会因为一个词汇想不起来而不能完成。如何应付这种情况使写作顺利进行下去?新东方在线网络课堂四、六级辅导团队经过精心总结,给大家提出以下三点简便易行的应急小技巧,希望能帮忙大家在考前最后阶段提高写作水平。

重磅阅读

1、试用笼统词

英语(论坛)语言中笼统词有have, take 等,笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛,搭配性强,构成词组后可以替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作,却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候,用这些笼统词取代,也能收到异曲同工的效果。

例如:我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。

I experienced a terrible hard time.

这一句中,experience被遗忘时,用have代替,成为:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义决不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如:

Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?

I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.

I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.

They occupied the city. = They took the city.

The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.

从以上的例句不难看出,具体词音节较多,使用频率不高,容易遗忘,而笼统词则不然。因此,在作文应试中,笼统词取代具体词,不失为一种应急良策。

2、联想有关词汇

当遗忘产生时,或遇到未曾学过的词时,应采取放射性思维,发挥想象力,想出一切与之有关的单词,利用语言的内在联系,多层次,多角度地运用语言。一般情况下,联想可按下列思路进行:1联想同义词;2联想反义词。

英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律,由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。试看下列句子:

I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.

Nightmare 使用频率不太高,因此不太好记。而其同义词bad dream 却很容易记。以后者取代前者丝毫不影响原句的意义。再比如:I don…t understand this word. 也可以说成I don?t know this word.

另外:

He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.

The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.

They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.

His temper is nasty. = His temper is terrible. = He has a bad temper.

英语语言中词与词之间是有联系的,词与词之间语义的“共核”现象即所谓的同义词。丰富的同义词给我们提供了极大的方便。

同样,用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的,请看下面的例子:

He is stubborn. = He is not tame.

The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.

This is expensive. = This is not cheap.

She is talkative. = She is never quiet.

3、试用解释性语句

语言的功能在于表达,而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到??以沟通。英语当中多功能解释性语句,就可以起到这一作用。请看下面的句子:

He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.

He refused. = He said “no”.

I?ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I?ve never seen such a person who never listens to other?s advice.

解释性语句能帮助我们巧妙地避开一些大词,难词,又能使意思表达流畅,不失为一聪明之举。比较下面两篇文章:

(1) Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all detest is, but all being domineered by it. It represents a trial; the grade its verdict.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can dominate one?s future. I am not exaggerating; for you all know it is true. If we want to obtain a diploma, we must first pass the exams. If we do not have a diploma, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may concern their future.

But as long as examination is on its peak of power, we must be philosophical of it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may indulge ourselves in other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and thoroughly?

(2)Examination is a common headache to students all over the world. They all dislike

it (hate it), but all being ruled by it. It is a trial; the grade its decision.

Nowadays, examination has become a popular form of testing. It almost can control one?s future. I am telling the truth, for you all know it is true. If we want to get a graduation paper, we may not find a job easily. That is the reason why all students are nervous and pale when they are sitting for an important examination which may have something to do with their future.

But as long as examination is on its highest point of power, we must have a calm attitude to it. Do not always think of the harm that it brings, but think of the good it may do to us. If we do not have exams, we may spend our time on other things instead of books. Exams have to always drive us on. What is wrong for learning more and deeply?

比较两篇文章,第一篇短小精干,用词准确,不失为一篇优秀作文。而第二篇全篇采用最普通的词汇,意思同样清楚,也不失得体,流畅。

四、六级作文的评分标准一般侧重于能清楚地表达意义,段落,层次有系统性,语法正确,而并不过分强调用词的精确度。因此作文应试的要领应该是快捷、清楚、流畅。

所以,就考试而言,碰到难词或遗忘词时,过分地把时间花在“钻牛角尖”上是不明智的,而应该采取灵活的思维方法、迂回的战术,运用简单、易记的词汇及表达方式,从而能够运用有限的词汇写出美妙的文章,轻松自如地驾驭语言,把握时机,以聪明克服缺陷,以机智灵巧克服学究式的笨拙,以少胜多,最大限度地发挥自己的潜能。

四六级写作考前如何准备?

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判:

1、基本正确

四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单,而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型,只要使用得基本正确,也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类:语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括:时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变

基础较好的同学,要想取得四、六级写作高分,应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现,应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。例如:think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue 等词。如果想不到同、近义词,可以使用上义词进行替换。此外,句型也应富于变化,不要拘泥于主谓宾句型,可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数,只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主,长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子,不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时,全文应有一定数量的长句,一般15~20词即可,太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句,就能取得高分,实际上老师看长句会觉得很累,以为你不会写短句,通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字,定然晦涩难懂,英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调;复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

高分真经

(一)背诵

背诵是提高英语(论坛)综合能力的法宝,可分为以下5个层次:(1)精彩词汇;(2)精彩句型;(3)精彩句子;(4)万能框架;(5)经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样,精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前,确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入(INPUT)和输出(OUTPUT)。听力和阅读属于输入,考生处于被动状态,只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多,容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出,考生必须变被动为主动,这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入,很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文,共计120或150余字,很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文,大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在?俗话说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作,可以随意组合,自由输出。然而,在英语学习中,多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读,很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入,写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态,想一句说一句,说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务,是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文,平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我,说自己背过很多英文文章,但上了考场还是大脑一片空白,什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见,主要有两个原因:一是没有进行造句的工作,只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质,再求量。大家英语学了很多年,文章看了很多,为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了,但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度,如果还需要过脑子,就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解,背得再多也是徒劳。

(二)默写

背完经典范文后,进行默写。然后对照原文纠错,搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误,如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点,也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过:“Writing makes an exact man.”(写作使人精确。)只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

(三)中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文,将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后,你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距,这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时,对照范文,看看原作者是怎么写的,思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文,范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习,你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

(四)写作

模仿范文写作新的文章,套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬,但随着不断的积累,组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语,以扩大词汇量,拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义,并了解其使用环境。备考时,熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文,并进行仿写。考试时,使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型,没有把握的句子,尽量采取“回避政策”,切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

增强英语四六级写作语句表现力的有效方法

纵观多年来国家四、六级英语(论坛)作文考试,考生作文成绩欠佳的主要原因除了准确性和连贯性差之外,语句软弱无力也是不容忽略的一个方面。因此在英语写作教学中,如何增强语句表现力的问题必须引起我们足够的重视,以提高学生写作的表达质量。为此,笔者结合自己的写作教学实践,针对该项技能的训练提出了一些切实可行的有效做法,供广大同仁和英语学习者参考借鉴。

一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。

1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:

Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab. Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语) Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定语)

2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如:

1) Weak: The team members are good players.

Revision: The team members play well.

2) Weak: One worker?s plan is the elimination of tardiness.

Revision: One worker?s plan eliminates tardiness.

3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中,把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如:

1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.

Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.

2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.

Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.

二、多用语意具体的动词,保持句意简洁明了。例如:

1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.

Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.

2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.

Better: She compares prices and quality.

三、尽量运用主动语态。例如:

1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.

Better: Charity has supported the organization.

2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.

Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.

四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如:

1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.

Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.

2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.

Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.

3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.

Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.

五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如:

1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.

Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.

2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.

Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.

高分须遵循的5C法则

距离2010年6月19日的四、六级考试还有40天的时间,相信考生们都在有条不紊的准备着,不管你现在是胸有成竹,还是信心不足,都希望大家能在最后一个月的时间集中精力,不断突破,并始终保持一颗良好的心态,来迎接6月份的考试。

新东方在线网络课程四、六级写作辅导名师王兆飞,根据多年四、六级辅导经验,现写作思路指导及解题技巧为大家归纳如下,希望能帮助大家在最后一个月的时间里不断提高写作水平,一次突破四六级高分。

写作解题时间为30分钟,分为三步:5分钟审题和构思,20分钟写作,5分钟检查可能犯的错误。下面分步骤说明。

第一步:认真审题,充分运用关键词构思法

事实上,提供给写作的时间不止30分钟。一般来说,各考场会提前5分钟左右将答题卡一发到学生手里,大一点的考场甚至可能提前10分钟发卷。这5到10分钟不允许学生作答,但考生完全可以用来做作文部分的审题和构思工作。注意审题一定要仔细,按要求写作,不得擅自改动题目,给定的提纲不得有遗漏,否则会按比例扣分。尤其注意,不要因为事先自己背过或练过哪篇相似的文章而死搬硬套。否则后果很严重。例如,2008年12月六级写作真题题目是College Students? Mental Health,提纲为

1. 心理健康对于大学生很重要

2. 鉴于此,学校可以……

3. 我们自己应该……”

而在考试之前,我们给学生出过一道类似的模拟题,题目为“Psychological Problems Among College Students”, 提纲为

1. 很多大学生有严重的心理问题

2. 产生这些问题的原因

3. 如何解决这些问题”

可以看出,我们给的提纲是按照比较规矩的三段论来的,即“提出问题、分析问题、解

决问题”。但真题的提纲并未要求考生分析问题,反倒有两段要写解决问题。有的考生因为看过或背过模拟题的范文,就直接照搬,导致了失分。

另外,构思不是打草稿。并不建议学生练习写作时养成打草稿的习惯。因为考场上时间有限,打完草稿再誊写很可能来不及。另外,更重要的原因是考场上不发草稿纸,一般也不允许往里带纸,难以找到打草稿的地方。考生只要花三五分钟做一下构思即可,即想象一下每段大致写什么,可以记几个关键词(比如在准考证空白的地方)提示自己,在接下来的二十分钟里面按照这几个关键词提示的内容扩展就行。

一般来说,四级作文要求不少于120词,最好能写到150到180词;六级作文要求不少于150词,最好写到180到200词。就句子数目来说,如果分三段,每段也就三到五句话,平均四句一段。那么整篇文章大约10个关键词就可以做好构思。以2009年6月六级写作真题为例。

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

1. 有人说名字(或名称)很重要

2. 也有人觉得名字(或名称)无关紧要

3. 我认为……

构思第一段时,想到可以来一句铺垫的话,如“名字重不重要是个有争议的话题”,可以写下controversial或topic,作为关键词;下一句是“有人说名字(或名称)很重要”,可以先写下important。再往后想两条理由或例证即可。理由如“好名字容易被记住,因而可以给人来更多机会”(关键词remember或opportunity),和“按照传统理论起的名字可能会对人起到暗中庇护的作用”(关键词tradition或shelter);例证如“有人认为毛泽东伟大是因为名字就大气,Bill Gates有钱是因为他的名字可以表示钞票,姓表示很多大门,很多大门都来钱,所以有钱”。第二、三段情同此理。其实第一段想好了,后两段也就容易了。比如第二段可以将第一段的理由或例证反过来用,第三段可以总结或折中一下。字数还是比较容易写够的。

第二步:写作高分须遵循的5C法则

1、字迹清楚,段落明朗(clear):字体不要太大,也不要太小,以行间距的三分之一到二分之一为合适;另外,大小要一致,不要忽大忽小;字母的倾斜方向要一致,不要东倒西歪;要抵着给出的虚线写,不能上窜下跳;总之,要给阅卷人清楚、工整的感觉。段落一般为三段,采用段首缩进式,即每段开头空4至8个字母的格,每段段首缩进的量要一致,

要让阅卷人一目了然。

2、内容完整,紧扣提纲(complete):一般来说,六级写作都会给出三点汉语提纲,考生应严格按照三点写成三段。不要有遗漏,也不要随意改变提纲要点的顺序。因为阅卷人要在30秒左右的时间打出分数,所以不希望看到与提纲严重背离的作文。

3、首保正确,再求闪光(correct):这一条是最核心的,因为在写作时间和篇幅都比较短的情况下,考生写出的内容几乎是一样的,唯一的判断标准几乎就是语言的质量。要首先保证语法和拼写正确,哪怕用小词、短句也可以。有能力的话再追求闪光的词句。例如,有考生在写2009年6月的作文时,写出了这样的开头句:There is no denying the fact that the vital of name has been a hotly debated topic in China. 这句话是套用我以往范文给过的句子,基本结构是对的,但有两处明显的错误。一处为vital,是个形容词,而这里应该用名词。作者可能想用一个牛词来替换importance以显示用词多样,结果弄巧成拙。另外一处错误为name之前应该有冠词a,其实题目中都给了,结果这位同学忽略了,缺乏基本的语法意识。其实作文中常犯的语法错误除了冠词错误,还包括时态错误、名词和动词单复数错误、代词不一致错误、词性错误以及句子主谓不完整错误。下笔时一定要谨慎。篇幅关系这里不能赘述。

4、先总后分,连词用上(coherent):这里说的是段落的结构和连贯性的问题。英语(论坛)文章特别喜欢先总后分或开门见山的格局,另外,段落之间和句子之间的形式连接手段特别明显,即关联词用的很多。在写作的时候,几乎就是把给出的三点提纲作为每段的开头句,然后再加上两三个扩展句即理由或例证句就可以了。当然有时候为了论证自然或扩展字数也可以加上一点铺垫的句子。如2009年6月真题作文开头一句既可以是Some people claim that names are of great importance. 也可以是There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not. 然后再说Some hold the positive view.后面再加上两三句论证的话。论证句或扩展句之间最好有连接词,如First, Second, Besides, Also, Similarly, In the same way, However等等。

5、语言简练,论据得当(concise):不要啰嗦,不要过于重复和堆砌。有些考生背诵了一些经典的句型,为了凑字就全用上了,给人低层次的感觉。如最后一段用同学写道:As far as I am concerned, weighing the pros and cons of the arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view. 其实As far as I am concerned和weighing the pros and cons of the arguments用一个就行了。另外,尽管内容不及语言重要,但也肯定会影响分数的。考生应尽量平时多练,以期在考场上也能很快想到一些有力的理由和贴切的例证。另外,要敢于表达自己的思想,不要一味地为了保证语言正确而裹步不前,只说一些小学生的话。如有同学写09年真题第一段时写道:Some people think that names are important. They say that, if a person has a name, we can remember him. If he does not have a name, we cannot remember him. 这样的作文倒是没有语言错误,但肯定也得不了高分。

第三步:进行词汇拼写和语法检查,并注意改正方式。

其实考生应该在下笔写作的时候就谨慎,仔细,避免错误,但即便这样,错误也是会有的,包括语法和拼写错误,尤其对于平时缺乏练习的同学来说。那么就需要留几分钟通读一下,检查和改正。注意,要改的是一些语法或拼写错误,而不是作内容上的大的改动,换言之,是改一些词或词组,而不是改整个句子或段落,因为那样会造成卷面混乱,导致低分。要想避免内容上的错误,构思时就要想好,落笔时就要谨慎。还有改正错误要注意方式,尽量不要用涂改液或涂改带,以免有作弊嫌疑,也不要在一个词上涂画太多,影响卷面整洁。一般可以用一条斜线划掉错词,然后在其上方写出正确的,或者用胶带或刀片之类轻轻将错词去掉,然后在原位置写出正确的。

附:2009年6月六级写作真题参考范文

On the Importance of a Name

There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not. Some hold the positive view. They claim that a good name, or a name that can be easily remembered, can bring one a lot more opportunities than others. Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.

Others, however, hold the opposite view. They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another. A person “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates. In the same way, a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.

Personally, I believe that both sides have something right, so we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent. On the other hand, we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person?s fate. Anyway, a person?s success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.(186 words)

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