高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit7 The sea 北师大版必修3(1)

高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit7 The sea 北师大版必修3(1)
高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit7 The sea 北师大版必修3(1)

【创新设计】2015届高考英语总复习语言基础知识 Unit7 The sea

北师大版必修3

·必考话题7 周围的环境(Ⅰ)

[写作必备]

基础词汇

1.exhibition n.展览

2.community n. 社区

3.facility n. 设施

4.action n. 行为

5.existence n. 生存

6.desire n. 渴望

7.harmony n. 和谐

8.environment n. 环境

9.pour v. 倾倒

10.be reluctant to 不情愿……

11.private cars 私家车

12.ecological balance 生态平衡

13.save energy 节约能源

提分句型

1.My hometown,located on the East Sea,has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200,000.我的家乡坐落在东海之滨,有着300多年的历史,20万人口。2.It is necessary for us to protect our environment.

对我们来说,保护环境是必要的。

3.Some people pay no attention to the environment that they live in.有些人对于他们居往的环境毫不在意。

[美文赏析]

素材示例(2013·上海卷)Directions:Write an English composition in 120~150 words according to the instructions given in Chinese.

上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展,现就展出场所(博物馆还是社区图书馆)征集公众意见,假设你是王敏,给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求:(1)简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择;(2)说明你的理由(从便利性、专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比)。

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

佳作播报

Dear sir/madam,

Recently I have heard the news that an art exhibition will be held and you are collecting suggestions about where to hold it.I am writing to share mine with you. Personally speaking,it is better to hold the art exhibition in Shanghai Museum than in community libraries.My r easons are as follows.

First of all,Shanghai Museum,located in the center of the city,①will be more convenient for people to get there.In addition,②the museum has more space and can supply a more comfortable place for visitors to appreciate art.

Most importantly,Shanghai Museum is more professional and experienced in holding art exhibitions.It can provide more professional and advanced facilities which can help keep the exhibition running better.③

Thus,I strongly recommend that it be held in the museum.

Yours,

Wang Min

1.located in the center of the city是过去分词短语作后置定语。

[模拟]Tsinghua University,founded_in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。

2.in addition另外,此外,用作插入语。

[模拟] The house is far from the school where our son is studying;in_addition,it is a little expensive.房子离我们儿子上学的学校有点远,另外价格也有点高。3.keep...doing...使……处于某种状态

[模拟] To keep warm they kept_the_fire_burning all the night.为了保暖他们让火燃烧了一整夜。

Ⅰ.核心单词

1.________(vi.)参加→________(n.)参加

2.________(vt.)安排;准备→________(n.)安排

3.________(adj.)令人惊恐的,骇人的→________(vt.)(使)惊恐→________(adj.)害怕的;受惊的

4.________(vt.)说服,劝服→________(n.)说服

5.________(vt.)道歉→________(n.)道歉

6.________(vt.)使污染→________(n.)污染

7.________(n.)智力,理解力→________(adj.)有才智的,理解力强的

8.________(adj.)有活力的→________(n.)精力;活力

9.________(n.)发现→________(vt.)发现

10.________(vt.)吸引→________(n.)吸引人的地方→________(adj.)吸引人的

11.________(vt.)令人感到恐惧→________(adj.)令人恐惧的→________(adj.)感到恐惧的

12.________(n.)手势;符号→________(n.)信号;暗号

13.________(vt.)禁止;(n.)禁令

14.________(vi.)逃脱,逃跑→________(adj.)逃跑了的

15.________(vi.)幸存,生存下来→________(n.)幸存→________(n.)幸存者

16.________(vi.)恢复正常;康复→________(n.)恢复;痊愈

17.________(vt.)辨认出→________(n.)认出;承认

18.________(vi.)不同意,意见不合→________(n.)意见不合;不一致;分歧

答案 1.participate;participation 2.arrange;arrangement 3.frightening;frighten;frightened 4.persuade;persuasion 5.apologise;apology 6.pollute;pollution 7.intelligence;intelligent 8.energetic;energy 9.discovery;discover 10.attract;attraction;attractive 11.terrify;terrifying;terrified 12.sign;signal 13.ban 14.escape;escaped 15.survive;survival;survivor 16.recover;recovery 17.recognise;recognition 18.disagree;disagreement

——词不离句,句不离段

A professor in our department says he has never made a further voyage before.He is always intelligent and energetic.Often he makes a new discovery.We know he likes collection of seashells.He can recognise the ages by measuring their widths and lengths altogether.

Ⅱ.重点短语

1.填写________________

2.起航 ________________

3.根据,依照 ________________

4.陷入麻烦,陷入困境 ________________

5.寻找,寻求 ________________

6.取;接载 ________________

7.轮流做某事 ________________

8.与人合用 ________________

9.watch out ________________

10.be cove red with ________________

11.manage to do sth ________________

12.make a living ________________

13.be located at/on/in ________________

14.in addition to ________________

15.make it (to) ________________

16.all at once ________________

答案fill out 2.set sail 3.according to 4.get into trouble 5.in search of 6.pick up 7.take turns to do sth 8.share with 9.注意10.被……覆盖11.设法做成某事12.谋生13.位于14.此外,而且15.到达16.突然,忽然

——小试身手,聚焦短语

①He's now running his own research company—that's in_addition_to his job at the university.

②Don't copy my work or we'll both get_into_trouble.

③The game will be played in_search_of rules which were made fifty years ago when the club was founded.

④Watch_out!There are some snakes in the forest.

⑤In order to earn money to make_a_living,_Mr Davids has to work all day and all night.

Ⅲ.经典句式

1.It's three times as big underwater.

(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。

[解读]倍数+as...as...

[模拟]There were________________(游客的数量是我们料想的三倍)d uring the 2012

Olympics in London.

2.You certainly won't find a noisier fish.

你肯定不会发现比这更吵的鱼了。

[解读]比较级和否定词连用表达最高级含义

[模拟]________________(形势再糟不过了)in Syria and it is hoped that the government will take effective measures to deal with it.

3.Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool!”.

我们的船获救了,我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来,就在这时哥哥把他的嘴放到我的耳朵旁,大声说出那个令人胆战心惊的词“漩涡”。

[解读]be doing...when...“正在做……这时……”。

[模拟]I was surfing on the Internet________(这时)I found some new information about iphone5.

4.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.那一天,我和我的两个兄弟从海上打鱼归来,船上载满了鱼。

[解读]独立主格结构

[模拟]________________(班长病了), we'd better put the meeting off.

答案 1.three times as many visitors as we expected

2.The situation can't be worse 3.when 4.The monitor being ill

Ⅳ.必背句法——定语从句(Ⅱ);形容词的比较级

选词填空

1.This is the middle school________(where/that/which) Mr.Smith taught English ten years ago.

2.Please give me the reason________(which/that/why) you were late yesterday morning.

3.I still remember the day________(when/that/which) my father was put into prison. 4.The day on________(when/that/which) I met Mr.Li was of great importance to me. 5.Liu Dacheng sings beautifully, I have never heard a ________(good/better/best) voice.

答案 1.where 2.why 3.when 4.which 5.better

——条分缕析,步步为营

完成句子

①Her sons,________________ ,rang her up this morning.

她的两个儿子都在国外工作,今天早上给她来了电话。

②His house,________________he paid £10,000,is now worth £50,000.

他的房子买的时候他花了1万英镑,现在值5万英镑了。

③Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,________________ buy ice cream. 音乐会的两部分之间有一段休息时间,这时我们可以去买冰淇淋。

④There are________________books in our library than in yours.

我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。

答案①both of whom work abroad②for which

③when we can④five times more

[词汇精解]

arrange vt.安排,准备

(教材原句)If not, then your group should arrange to meet outside of school hours...如果不的话,那么你的小组应该安排课余时间集合……

(1)arrange to do sth安排做某事;整理;布置

arrange for为……做准备(安排)

arrange for sb/sth to do sth安排某人/物做某事

arrange with sb about sth与某人商定某事

(2)arrangement n.整理;布置;安排

make arrangements for为……做好安排

①I got a tas te of that dream in 2011, when my husband arranged for me to ride in

a hot air balloon for my birthday.(2011·北京卷,A)

2011年丈夫为庆祝我的生日,为我安排了一次乘热气球飞行的活动。我体验了飞行的梦想。

②I wonder if my girlfriend can________________the wedding today.

我不知道我的女友今天能否和我商定婚礼的事情。

注意不能说arrange sb to do...,且arrange后跟that从句时,从句中用虚拟语气“(should+)do”。

③He arranged that the meeting________________for a week.=He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.他已安排好将会议延期一周。

答案②arrange with me about③(should) be put off

sign n.符号;标志;手势;征兆,迹象

vt.签署;示意;打手势

(教材原句)Some chimpanzees have learnt sign language, but they can only copy language-they don't really communicate.一些黑猩猩已学会了手势语言,但它们仅能模

仿,并不是真正交流。

(1)sign of/that...……的迹象/征兆

traffic signs 交通标志

(2)sign (to sb) to do sth 示意(某人)去做某事

sign in 签到

sign up/on(sb)报名,注册,签约雇用(某人)

sign up (for sth)报名(参加课程)

①Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago.(2013·浙江卷,A)

许多历史学家认为,第一批户外标牌被使用是在大约五千年前。

②All the teachers who want to visit our school must sign in on arrival. 所有想参观我们学校的老师均需签到。

③The company has________________three top models for the fashion show. 为了时装表演公司签约了三名顶尖模特。

答案 ③signed up/on

persuade vt .说服,劝服;使信服;使相信

(教材原句)He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他说服了一些人跟他回格陵兰岛。

persuade ????

? 说服+sb +????? into doing to do 说服某人做某事out of doing not to do 说服某人不做某事使相信+sb +??????????of sth that...使某人信服……

①In a debate you need persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. 辩论中你需要让听众信服你的论点的准确性。

②I have persuaded him to give up the attempt.

=I have________________the attempt.

我已经说服他放弃这种尝试了。

③I persuaded him out of going there with Tom.

=I________________there with Tom.

我说服了他不要与汤姆一起去那里。

词语辨析 persuade sb to do, try to persuade sb to do, advise sb to do

persuade sb to do 强调劝说并达到成效,即说服 try to persuade sb to

do

企图劝说某人做某事,即“未说服” advise sb to do 建议某人做某事,不涉及最后的结果

____________ him and also failed. Who else can ____________ so?

最初,很多朋友都建议他去看医生,但是他拒绝了。后来,他妻子试图说服他,也失败了。还有谁能说服他去看医生呢?

答案 ②persuaded him into giving up ③persuaded him not to go ④advised him to see ;tried to persuade ;persuade him to do

ban vt .禁止n .禁止,禁令

(教材原句)Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for :Bicycle parking banned —$ 30.(2012·天津阅读A)

除了违反规定在校园内骑自行车外,你可能会因在禁止停车处停车而被罚款——30美元。

(1)ban doing sth 禁止做某事

ban sb from(doing)sth 禁止某人(做)某事

(2)a ban on sth 对……的禁令

①The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing.总统支持全球禁止核试验。 ②These________Beijing's 5.8 million drivers ________________one workday each week.

这些禁止了580万名北京司机每周有一个工作日开车上班。

答案 ②ban;from driving

present vt .演示,讲演;上演,演出;出现,出席;显示;介绍;赠予;交给;提出,提交;颁发

(教材原句)How will you present your project?

你怎样展示你的计划?

(1) ?

????present sb with sth present sth to sb 把某物交给/颁发给/授予某人 present sb to sb 把某人介绍/引荐给某人

(2)at the present time =at present 目前,现在

for the present 就现在来说,暂时

①I don't have any information about Lin Shuhao at present/at the present time . 目前我没有关于林书豪的进一步的消息。

②The students presented flowers to their teachers on Teachers' Day.

=The students ________their teachers________flowers on Teachers' Day.

教师节这天学生们送花给老师。

巧学助记

③An expert present at the meeting presented me with a book on present financial crisis as a present.

出席会议的一位专家送给我一本关于当前金融危机的书作为礼物。

答案②presented;with

escape vi.逃脱,逃跑vt.避开,避免(不愉快或危险的事物)n.逃跑;泄漏

(教材原句)Without waiting, I dived into the sea to try and escape.我没有等下去,就潜入海中试图逃生。

(1)escape from/out of从……逃走

escape (doing) sth避免/逃脱(做)某事

(2)a narrow escape九死一生

(3)escaped adj.逃跑了的

①No prisoner escaped from the prison without being seen.没有一个囚犯逃离这个监狱而不被看到。

②They had a narrow escape when their car crashed.

在撞车事故中,他们九死一生逃过一劫。

③More recently the book has been attac ked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger.(2013·江苏卷,D)

最近这本书由于一个逃跑的奴隶吉姆这个角色和书中出现了许多黑鬼这个词而一直受到攻击。

survive vi.幸存,生存下来

vt.幸免于,幸存;比……活得长

(教材原句)Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear...

我们的船没有沉,我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来,就在这时,我的哥哥靠近我的耳边说……(1)survive sb比……寿命长;失去某人后还活着

survive sth幸免于……;从……中活过来

survive on...靠……存活下来

survive from...从……存活下来;流传下来

(2)survival n.幸存,继续存在;幸存物,残存物

survivor n.幸存者,生还者

①Faced with the financial c risis, a lot of small companies are having to fight for survival.

面对金融危机,许多小公司不得不为生存而奋斗。

②Only a few buildings________________, which made all the workers upset.在这次火灾中仅有一部分建筑物幸免于难,这让工人们很伤心。

③She is barely ________________ her monthly social security payme nt.

她靠每月的社会保险金勉强维持生活。

答案②survived the fire③surviving on

make it to 到达

(教材原句)Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland.

埃里克再一次起航了,这次有25艘船,其中只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛。

make it成功;及时到达;约定时间

①The Voyager Ⅰ spacecraft made it to the edge of the solar system.

“旅行者1号”飞船成功到达了太阳系的边缘。

②Grace did make it—but her tail didn't.(2013·北京卷,B)

格蕾丝确实成功了,但是她的尾巴却没有了。

pick up取,接载;营救,搭救;拾起,捡起;收听(节目);无意中学到;廉价买到;恢复健康;情况好转

观察句子,写出下列黑体部分的含义

①She picked up a lot of French when she was in France.________

②My radio made in Shanghai can pick up BBC very clearly.________

③He is beginning to pick up after the operation, which delights his family.________

④When is the weather going to pick up?It's been bad for weeks.________

⑤It's surpris ing that your brother________Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.(四川卷)

A.picked up B.looked up

C.put up D.made up

答案①无意中学得②收听③恢复健康④情况好转⑤A

[句式诠释]

(教材原句)It's three times as big underwater.(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍。

这是一个倍数表达法的常用句型,结构为:倍数+as +形容词(副词)原级+as...

①Our school which was built last year is three times as big as his.我们去年才建的学校是他的学校的三倍大。

倍数的表达方式有:

????? 1倍数+as +形容词或副词的原级+as 2倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than 3倍数+the size/length/width/height...of...4倍数+what 从句5倍数+that of...

注意:后两种多用于产量的表达上。

②In this workshop, the output of July was five times ________ of January. 这个车间7月份产量是1月份的5倍。

③The production now is three times________it was ten years ago.

现在的产量比十年前增加了两倍。

答案 ②that ③what

(教材原句)You certainly won't find a noisier fish .

你绝不会找到比它们更吵闹的鱼。

not...a noisier fish 此结构是:not...+a +比较级+名词的单数。这种结构是以比较级的形式来表达最高级的含义。

用形容词的比较级形式表示意义上的最高级:

(1)比较级+than +????? any other +单数名词all the other +复数名词anyone else any of the other +复数名词

(2)not (never, nothing 等表示否定意义的词)+a/an +比较级+n .单数

①Y i Jianlian is taller than any other player in our national basketball now. 现在易建联比我们国家篮球队中的任何一名队员都高。

②What a wonderful novel!I ________________ one.

多么好的一本小说啊!我从未读过比这更感人的。

答案 ②have never read a more moving

[对 点 题 组]

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1.He ________(逃脱) being punished by reason of his age.

2.She________(说服) him that she was telling the truth.

3.I have________(安排) for the boy to leave school next Easter.

4.The teacher ________(禁止) us from talking in his class.

5.How many people were________(出席) at the meeting yesterday?

答案 1.escaped 2.persuaded 3.arranged 4.banned

5.present

Ⅱ.选词填空

apologise to,present,make a living,escape,persuade,arrange for,ban...from,in addition to

1.I have________the boy to leave school next Easter.

2.He________me and left the meeting.

3.The teacher________him________talking in class.

4.They________their letters and were accepted without comment.

5.________his flat in London,he has a villa(别墅)in Italy and a castle in Scotland. 6.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to________. 7.She________him that she was telling the truth.

8.He________punishment by reason of his age.

答案 1.arranged for 2.apologised to 3.banned;from 4.presented 5.In addition to 6.make a living 7.persuaded 8.escaped

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.在沙漠里没有什么比水更珍贵。

________________________________

2.北京有我家乡的十倍大。

Beijing is________________my hometown.

3.朱之文从未想到他会成为一名成功的歌手。

Zhu Zhiwen never thought he________________as a successful singer.

4.我已安排了一辆车去机场接你。

I________________________ at the airport.

5.我最后终于想法子说服她跟我一起出去喝一杯。

I finally managed to________________for a drink with me.

答案 1.Nothing else is more precious than water in the desert. 2.ten times as big as 3.would make it 4.have arranged for a car to pick you up 5.persuade her to go/into going out

Ⅳ.微写作(先翻译下面的句子,然后连成一篇50词左右的小短文)

1.我的朋友杰克喜欢航海,去年他说服一些人参加他的航海。(persuade)

2.根据他的安排,他们在某周一启航寻找鲸鱼。(according to,set sail,in search of) 3.在路上他警告他的同伴注意鲨鱼,以免陷入麻烦。(watch out,get into trouble) 4.在他们的共同努力下,他们达到了目的。(make it)

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【参考范文】

My friend Jack likes making https://www.360docs.net/doc/9313227771.html,st year he persuaded some people to participate in his sea voyage.According to his arrangement,they set sail on a Monday in search of whales.On the way,he warned his men to watch out for sharks in case they got into trouble.With their hard work,they made it.

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词 一、重要单 10. n 商业9. v 学习,上课 11. n 兼职工作10. adj 令人厌烦的 12. n 全职工作11. adj 感到厌倦的 13. n 流行音乐12. adj 不同的 14. n (英)足球13. adj 困难的 15. n 学科14. adj 最喜爱的 16. n 闲说,聊天15. adj 有趣的 17. v 上网16. adj 空闲的 二、短语 6. one’s spare time 在业余时间14. teach 自学 7. classes 上课,听课15. chat sb 与某人聊天 8. class 下课后16. travel sb 和某人一起旅游 9. school 在学校17. lunch 吃午饭 10. life 日常生活18. home 回家 11. be interested对??感兴趣19. be late school 上学迟到 12. go 购物20. home 在家 13. soccer 踢足球21. weekends 在周末 14. computer games 玩电脑游戏22. notes 做笔记 15. housework 做家务23. questions讨论问题 16. do some 做作业24. do a job 做兼职工作 17. movie 电影明星25. get 起床 18. do things 做不同的事 三、翻译句子 16. (你平时在学校做什么) 17. (你最喜欢的学科是什么) 18. (我喜欢学校的生活) 19. (你每星期有几节英语课) 20. (你帮助你的妈妈做家务吗)

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