信用证习题
实训一、根据所给开证申请书，回答以下问题：
IRREVOCA BLE DOCUMENTA RY CREADIT A PPLICATION
TO：BANK OF CHINA Place/date: Sept. 25th, 2007 NEW YORK
1、该笔业务出口商公司名称是什么？
2、该笔贸易的付款方式是什么？出口商是否需要开立汇票？
3、该笔业务的付款人是谁？付款期限是即期还是远期？
4、该笔业务的商品数量与金额是多少？
5、该批贸易允许分批装运和转运吗？装运港和目的港是哪里？
6、该笔贸易对提单、保险单有什么要求？
7、该笔业务中需要出口商提交哪些检验证书？有什么要求？
8、该笔业务中需要提交原产地证明吗？
9、出口商在什么期限内交单？
10、该笔业务银行费用由谁来承担？
实训二、根据所给出的合同填写开证申请书（见单据示样13-1）
（一）合同资料
THE BUYER: ABC COMPANY
ADDRESS: NO.529, QIJIANG ROAD, TIANJIN, CHINA
THE SELLER: XYZ COMPANY
ADDRESS: NO.203 LIDIA HOTEL OFFICE 1546-49, DONG-GU, BUSAN, KOREA NAME OF COMMODITY: COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET IN COIL(冷轧钢卷) SPECIFICATIONS: JIS G3141 SPCC-SD SIZE: 0.70MM×1200M×C QUANTITY: 60 MT PRICE TERM: USD210/MT FOB BUSAN TOTAL AMOUNT: USD12600.00
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURERS: REPUBLIC OF KOREA, VICTORY FACTORY
PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSSHIPMENR ARE PROHIBITIED PACKING: EXPORT STANDARD PACKING, EACH COLL WEIGHT 5.0MT MAX. SHIPPING MARK: ST
NO. 1…UP
TIME OF SHIPMENT: BEFORE JULY 15, 2007
PLACE AND DATE OF EXPIRY: CHINA, JULY 30, 2007
PORT OF SHIPMENT: BUSAN
PORT OF DESTINATION: XINGANG PORT, TIANJIN OF CHINA INSURANCE: TO BE COVERED BY BUYER.
PAYMENT: BY IRREVOBLE FREELY NEGOTIABLE L/C AGAINST SIGHT DRAFTS FOR 100PCT OF INVOICE VALUE AND THE DOCUMENTS DETAILED HEREUNDER. DOCUMENTS:
1、INVOICES IN TRIPLICATE
2、PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE
3、FULL SET CLEAN ON BOARD BILL OF LADINGS MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED NOTIFYING THE APPLICANT WITH FULL NAME AND ADDRESS MARKED FREGHT COLLECT.
4、CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN DUPLICATE
5、BENEFICIARY’S CERTIFIED COPY OF FAX TO THE APPLICANT WITHIN 1 DAY AFTER SHIPMENT ADVISING GOODS NAME, NAME OF VESSEL, INVOICE VALUE, DATE OF SHIPMENT QUANTITY AND WEIGHT.
OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS:
1、L/C TO BE ISSUED BY TELETRANSMISSION.
2、THE BUYER SHALL BEAR ALL BANKING CHARGES INCURRED INSIDE THE ISSUING BANK.
3、ALL DOCUMENTS MUST BE MAILED IN ONE LOT TO THE ISSUING BANK BY COURIER SERVICE.
4、PRESENTATION PERIOD: WITHIN 10 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT
实训三、阅读下述信用证并回答问题
MT：700 ISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDIT
FROM: CITI-BANK LOS ANGELES, U.S.A.
SEQUENCE OF TOTAL: *27: 1/1
FORM OF L/C *40A: IRREVOCABLE
L/C NO. *20: 66IM6895
DATE OF ISSUE *31C: 070731
EXPIRY DATE AND PLACE*31D: 070915 CHINA
APPLICANT *50: NEW WORLD INTERNATIONAL INC.
129 HAYWARD WAY, U.S.A
BENEFICIARY *59: NINGBO YUDA IMP. AND EXP. CO.
NO.888 HUAISU ROAD ,NINGBO, CHINA
AMOUNT *32B USD36800.00
AVAILABLE WITH BY *41D: WITH ANY BANK BY NEGOTIATION
DRAFTS AT *42C: AT 30 DAYS SIGHT
DRAWEE *42D: CATHAY BANK LOS ANGELES, CA.
PARTIAL SHIPMENT *43P: NOT ALLOWED
TRANSHIPMENT *43T: NOT ALLOWED
LOADING FROM *44A: NINGBO PORT
FOR TRANSPORTATION TO *44B: LOS ANGELES PORT, USA
LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT *44C: 070831
DESCRIPTION OF GOODS/SERVICES *45A:
POLO BRAND 100% COTTON MEN’S SHIRT S AS PER S/C NO．03M144 AND ORDER NO．NW0381 DELIVERY CONDITION：CIF LOS ANGELES
ART．NO．：47506 400 DOZEN USD32．00/DOZ
ART．NO．：47507 800 DOZEN USD30．00/DOZ
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED *46A:
+SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 3 ORIGINAL AND 2 COPIES SHOWING FREIGHT CHARGES ，PREMIUM AND FOB VALUE AND INDICATING THE GOODS IS ORIGIN OF CHINA.
+PACKING LIST IN 3 FOLDS.
+FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED , MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID” AND NOTIFYING APPLICANT.
+INSURANCE POLICY IN DUPLICATE FOR 110% OF INVOICE VALUE COVERING ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK SUBJECT TO CIC DATED JAN.1 ,1981.
+BENEFICIARY’S CERTIFICATE STATING THAT ONE SET OF NON-NEGOTIABLE SHIPPING DOCUMENTS HAS BEEN SENT TO APPLICANT AFTER SHIPMENT.
+INSPECTION CERTIFICATE OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY ISSUED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE DESIGNATED BY APPLICANT.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS: *47A:
+ALL DOCUMENTS MUST SHOW THIS L/C NO.
+A DISCREPANCY FEE OF USD 40.00 OR EQUIVALENT WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS PAID UNDER ANY DRAWING WHERE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED ARE FOUND NOT TO BE IN STRICT CONFORMITY WITH THE TERMS OF THIS CREDIT.
CHARGES : *71B: ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE OF OUR COUNTER ARE FOR ACCT OF THE
BENEFICIARY
PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION *48: WITHIN 15 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF B/L BUT NOT LATER THAN L/C EXPIRY DATE.
CONFIRMATION: *49: ADVISING BANK
ADVICE THROUGH *57D: YOUR YINXIAN SUB-BRANCH
BANK TO BANK INFORMATION *72:THIS CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO UCP600
问题：
（1）这份信用证是什么类型的信用证?
（2）这份信用证的兑付方式是什么？是否需要汇票？若需要汇票，要求提供什么汇票?
（3）这份信用证的开证日期、到期日、到期地点、最迟装船日期、交单期各是何时？
（4）这份信用证的申请人、受益人、开证行、通知行、保兑行、付款行各是谁？
（5）这份信用证要求提供哪些单据？各几份？
（6）这份信用证的价格条款是什么？保险应由谁办理？
（7）若将来受益人提交的单据有三个不符点，开证行将收取多少不符点处理费？
（8）这份信用证的特殊条款中要求受益人在所有单据中显示什么内容？
（9）这份信用证是否允许分批与转船?装运港与目的港分别是什么地方？
（10）这份信用证有没有软条款？若有，应如何修改？
实训四、根据销售合同审核信用证，指出信用证存在的问题
QINGDAO HUANXING IMP.& EXP. CO., LTD.
NO.1005 Zhongshan Road (E.1), QINGDAO China
Tel: 0086-0532-******** SALES CONFIRMATION No.: SC0701260
Fax: 0086-0532-******** Date: Dec., 1, 2007
TO Messrs:
SAKULA CO., LTD.
ITC BUILDING 6TH FLOOR SUITE 602
1-8-4 CHOME ISOBE-DORI CHUO-KU KOBE JAPAN
Tel：0081-78-362-1444 Fax：0081-78-362-1445
Dear Sirs:
We hereby confirm having sold to you the following goods on the terms and conditions as Specified below:
(6) PORT OF LOADING: QINGDAO CHINA
(7) PORT OF DESTINATION：KOBE JAPAN
(8) PARTIAL SHIPMENTS: NOT ALLOWED
(9)TRANSSHIPMENT: NOT ALLOWED
(10)TERMS OF PAYMENT:
THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETTER OF CREDIT WHICH REMAINS VALID FOR NEGOTIATLON IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT.
(11)INSURANCE: TO BE COVERED BY THE BUYER.
(12) REMARKS: 5% MORE OR LESS LN QUANTITY AND AMOUNT IS ALLOWED. Confirmed by：
THE BUYER THE SELLER
Morotomi Liang Bo
（2）Letter of Credit
SEQUENCE OF TOTAL *27 :1/1
FORM OF DOC, CREDIT *40 : REVOCABLE
DOC, CREDIT NUMBER *20 :LC-788-392328
DATE OF ISSUE *31C :071225
EXPIRY *31D : DATE 070215
PLACE IN THE COUNTRY OF THE APPLICANT
APPLICANT *50 : SAKULAN CO., LTD.
ITC BUILDING 6TH FLOOR SUITE 602 1-8-4
CHOME ISOBE-DORI CHUO-KU KOBE JAPAN BENEFICIARY *59 :QINGDAO HUANXING IMP. & EXP. CO., LTD.
NO.1005 ZHONGSHAN ROAD (E.1),
QINGDAO CHINA
AMOUNT *32B : CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 123000, 00
MAX. CREDIT AMOUNT *39 : UP TO
AVAILABLE WITH/BY *41D : ANY BANK
BY NEGOTIATION
DRAFTS AT ... *42C : DRAFTS AT SIGHT FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE DRAWEE *42A :
*ASAHI BANK LTD, *KYOWA SAIYAMA BANK, LTD.> *TOKYO PARTIAL SHIPMENTS *43P : NOT ALLOWED TRANSSHIPMENT *43T : ALLOWED LOADING IN CHARGE *44A: SHIPMENT FROM CHINESE PORT(S) FOR TRANSPORT TO ...*44B : TO TOKYO, JAPAN LATEST DATE OF SHIP.*44C :070130 DESCRIPT. OF GOODS *45A : (1)MAN’S BELT 3100PCS @USD12.00 1) MATERIAL: PU 2) SIZE 100 × 4.8CM 3）OUTER PACKING: 150PCS/CTN (2)FASHION BELT 4800PCS @USD15.00 1) SIZE: 105 × 8CM 2) MATERIAL: PU, NEEDLE BUCKLE 3) OUTER PACKING: 120PCS/CTN (3)DIAMANTE BELT 550PCS @USD30.00 1) SIZE: 105 × 3.8CM 2) MATERIAL: METALLIC PU WITH NEEDLE BUCKLE 3) OUTER PACKING: 100PCS/CTN PRICE TERM: CIF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED *46A + 3/3 SET OF ORIGINAL CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER OF SHIPPER AND BLANK ENDORSED, MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID” AND NOTIFY APPLICANT + ORIGINAL SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 5 FOLD INDICATING CONTRACT NO. + INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE, ENDORSED IN BLANK, FOR 110PCT OF THE INVOICE VALUE INCLUDING: THE INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSES (A), THE INSTITUTE WAR CLAUSES AND THE INSTITUTE STRIKES, RIOTS AND CIVIL MOTIONS CLAUSES, INSURANCE CLAIMS TO BE PAYABLE IN JAPAN + CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN IN 1 ORIGINAL AND 1 COPY. + PACKING LIST IN 3 FOLD + WEIGHT LIST IN 3 FOLD ADDITIONAL COND. *47 1. T.T. REIMBURSEMENT IS PROHIBITED. 2. 10PCT MORE OR LESS IN QUANTITY ACCEPTABLE. 3. THE GOODS TO BE PACKED IN STRONG EXPORT CARTONS. DETAILS OF CHARGES *71B: ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE JAPAN INCLUDING REIMBURSEMENT COMMISSIONS ARE FOR ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARY. PRESENTATION PERIOD *48: DOCUMENTS TO BE PRESENTED WITHIN 5 DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT, BUT WITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THE CREDIT. CONFIRMATION *49 : WITHOUT INSTRUCTIONS *78: THIS CREDIT IS NON-OPERATIVE UNLESS THE OPENING BANK GIVES FURTHER ADVICE. THE NEGOTIATION BANK MUST FORWARD THE DRAFTS AND ALL DOCUMENTS BY REGISTERED AIRMAIL DIRECT TO US (INT'L OPERATIONS CENTER MAIL ADDRESS: C.P.O.BOX NO. 800 TOKYO 100-91 JAPAN) IN TWO CONSECUTIVE LOTS, UPON RECEIPT OF THE DRAFTS AND DOCUMENTS IN ORDER, WE WILL REIMBURSE THE NEGOTIATING BANK IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR INSTRUCTIONS. TRAILER : ORDER IS 信用证练习 一、单选题 1、所谓“信用证严格相符”的原则，是指受益人必须做到（）。 A.信用证和合同相符 B.信用证和货物相符 C.信用证和单据相符 答案：C 解析：在信用证业务中，实行的是凭单付款的原则，开证银行只根据提交的单据与信用证相符，即要求“单证一致”、“单单一致”。 2、信用证的基础是买卖合同，当使用证与买卖合同规定不一致时，受益人应要求（）。 A．开证行修改 B．开证申请人修改 C．通知行修改 答案：C 3、在信用证业务中，银行的责任是：（） A、只看单据，不看货物 B、既看单据，又看货物 C、只管货物，不看单据 答案：A 4、信用证上如未明确付款人，则制作汇票时，受票人应为（）。 A．开始申请人 B．开证银行 C．议付行 D．任何人 答案：B 5、根据国际商会《跟单信用统一惯例》的规定，如果信用上未注明“不可撤消”的字样，该信用证应视为： A.可撤消信用证 B.不可撤消信用证 C.远期信用证 D.由受益人决定可撤消或不可撤消 答案：B 6、在合同规定的有效期，（）负有开立信用证的义务。 A. 卖方 B. 买方 C.开证行 D.议付行 答案：B 解析: 考点为开立信用证的要求。买方负有开立信用证的义务，要求开证行开立的有条件的承诺付款的书面文件。 7、在交易金额较大，对开证行的资信有不了解时，为保证货款的及时收回，买方最好选择（）。 A.可撤销信用证 B.远期信用证 C.承兑交单 D.保兑信用证 答案：D 解析：信用证的选择问题，ABC收回货款的风险大。采用保兑信用证，是指一家银行开立的信用证，由另一家银行加以保证兑付，保兑行在信用证下也承担了第一付款责任。 8、关于信用证的有效期，除特殊规定外，银行将拒绝接受迟于运输单据出单日期（）天后提交的单据。 A.20 B.30 C.25 D.21 答案：D 解析：本题是关于信用证的有效期与银行交单的关系。银行拒绝接受迟于运输单据出单日期21天后提交的单据（出单日期指提单签发日期，即货物装船完毕日期） 9、按照《跟单信用证统一惯例》的解释，在信用证中如未注明是可以撤销，则该证为： A.可撤销信用证 B.不可撤销信用证 C.由双方协商决定 答案：B 解析：根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，信用证上未注明是可撤销信用证或不可撤销信用证时，视为不可撤销信用证。 10、某外贸公司的工作人员因为在审证过程中粗心大意，未能发现合同发票上的公司名称与公司印章的名称不一致，合同发票上的是ABC Corporation ,而印章上则是ABC，仅一词之差，此时又恰逢国际市场价格有变，在这种情况下: A.外商有权拒绝付款 B.责任在外商 C.外商应按规定如期付款 答案：A 解析：题中某外贸公司应审核开证申请人的名称和地址，以防错发运。受益人的名称和地址也必须正确无误，而且前后要一致，否则，会影响收汇。一词之差，外商完全可以以“单单不符”拒付。 11、海运提单的签发日期是() A.货物开始装船的日期； B.货物装船完毕的日期； C.船只到达装运港的日期； D.船只离开装运港的日期 答案：B 解析：海运提单的签发日期货物装船完毕的日期，如提单上有“装船批注”以装船批注上的ON BOARD日期为装船日期。 12、采用信用证与托收相结合的支付方式时，全套货运单据应（） A．随托收部分汇票项下 B．随信用证的汇票项下 C．直接寄往进口商 D．留在卖方 答案：A 13、保兑信用证的保兑行其付款责任是（） A．在开证行不履行付款义务时履行付款义务 实训十一信用证的审核与修改 实训目的与要求: 1.能够审核信用证 2. 能够修改信用证 重点: 能够审核并修改信用证 难点:能够审核并修改信用证 实训项目:根据背景资料审核并修改: http://10.99.36.252/icd3 实训指导: 要求说明： 请根据审证的一般原则和方法对收到的信用证进行认真细致的审核，列明信用证存在的问题并陈述要求改证的理由。 提示： 1．审核L/C 的商品货号是否与合同不一致。 2．审核金额（大写/小写）是否与合同不一致。 3. L/C 条款是否与合同相应条款不符。（例如：保险条款在合同中写明All Risks as perC.I.I dated 1/1/1982. 但L/C 显示War Risk and All risks. ） 4．付款方式是否不符合同要求。（例如：合同中为by sight L/C, 而信用证中为draft at 30days' sight. ） 注意：信用证本身常出现的问题： 1．注意L/C 的到期地点。 2．信开本信用证应写明"subject to UCP 600"。 3．注意信用证"三期"，即：有效期、装运期和交单期。 4．L./C 中的"软条款"。（例如：要求卖方提交客检证书；正本B/L 全部或部分直寄客户。） 修改信用证应注意: --对信用证修改内容的接受或拒绝有两种表示形式: --收到信用证修改后,应及时检查修改内容是否符合要求,并分别情况表示接受或重新提出修改 ---对于修改内容要么全部接受,要么全部拒绝；部分接受修改中的内容是无效的； ---有关信用证修改必须通过原信用证通知行通知才算真实、有效；通过客户直接寄送的信用证修改申请书或修改书复印件不是有效的修改 ---明确修改费用由谁承担，一般按照责任归属来确定修改费用由谁承担 TO: BANK OF CHINA TANGSHAN BRANCH,CHINA IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO.13-385 FOR THE ACCOUNT OF HONGYAN TRADING CO, LTD., HONGKONG. 311 SOUTH BRIDGE STREET, HONGKONG. DEAR SIRS:WE OPEN AN IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENTARY CREDIT IN FAVOUR OF TANGSHAN FOREIGN TRADE IMP.AND EXP. CO. 188 WEIGUO ROAD TANGSHAN, CHINA.FOR A SUM OF USD1000000.00 AVAILABLE BY THE BENEFICIARY’S DRAFT(S) AT SIGHT DRAWN ON APPLICANT BEARING THE CLAUSE: “DRAWN UNDER NANYANG COMMERCIAL BANK LTD., HONGKONG. DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NO.13-385 DTAED IST MARCH,2013.”ACCOMPANIED BY THE FOLLOWING DOCUMETNS: (1) 3/3 ORIGNAL + 3NN COPIES CLEAN ON BOARD BILL OF LADINGMADE OUT TO ORDER OF APPLICANT AND MARKEDFREIGHT PREPAID . (2) INSURANCE POLICY/ CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE IN FAVOUR OF NANYANG COMMERCIAL BANK LTD., HONGKONG FOR 100% OF THE INVOICE VALUE BLANK ENDORSED.COVERING P.I.C.C OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES(W.A) AND WAR RISKS DATED 1st JANUARY,1981.INCLUDING WAREHOUSE TO WAREHOUSE CLAUSE UP TO FINAL DESTINATON AT DUBA (3) CERTIFICATE FO ORIGIN ISSUED BY TANGSHAN IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITY INSPECTION BUREAU OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA IN TRIPLICATE. EVIDENCING SHIPMENT OF THE FOLLOWING MERCHANDISE: AIR CONDITIONER(HUALING BRAND),10000PCS KW-23GW AND 10000 PCS KW-25GW, PACKING:IN CARTON BOX,50 KILOS NET EACH CARTON,3PC/CARTON,@HKD50.00,CIF DUBAI VIA HONGKONG,PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSSHIPMENT PROHIBITED. LATEST DATE FOR SHIPMENT: 30TH APRIL,2014. EXPIRY DATE:15TH MAY,2014.IN PLACE OF OPENER FOR NEGOTIATION. WITH 5 % MORE OR LESS BOTH IN AMOUNT AN QUANTILY ALLOWED AT THE SELLER’S OPTION. OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS: SHIPPER MUST SEND ONE COPIES OF SHIPPING DOCUMENTS DIRECT TO BUYER AND CERTIFICATE TO THIS EFFECT IS REQUIRED. 审核结果： （1）HONGYAN 错误，应为HONGYANG。 （2）WEIGUO ROAD改为JIANSHE ROAD。 （3）总金额币别错误，应为HKD而不是USD。 （4）议付地在国外不妥，应改为国内。 （5）转运规定与合同不符，应为ALLOWED，而不是NOT ALLOWED。 （6）CIFDUBAI改为CFRDUBAI 。 （7）3PC/CARTON应改为2PC PER CARTON。 （8）溢短装幅度5%错误，应为10%。 （9）DRAWN ON APPLICANT不对，应改为DRAWN ON US （10））3天的交单时间太短，建议改为15天 （11）CFR术语中应由买方办理保险，因此应删除要求卖方提供保险单的要求 选择题 1、接受保函，并有权按保函条款向担保人索赔的当事人是（C ）。 A．申请人B．担保人C．受益人D．通知行 2、票据的必要项目必须齐全，且符合法定要求，这叫做票据的( D )。 A．无因性B．流通性C．提示性D．要式性 3、信用证开立的原由是贸易双方的交易合同，当信用证的条款与贸易合同不一致时，受益人应（D ）。 A.使所提交的单据与贸易合同条款相一致 B.使所提交的单据与信用证条款相一致 C.所提交的单据与开证申请书相一致 D.发现上述情况，就要求修改信用证，使其一致 4、保理业务与贴现业务的区别之一是（C ）。 A.前者对出票人有追索权，而后者对出票人没有追索权 B.两者对出票人均无追索权 C.前者对出票人没有追索权，而后者对出票人有追索权 D.两者对出票人均有追索权 5、对于出口商而言，承担风险最大的交单条件是（C ）。 A．D/P at sight B．D/P after at sight C．D/A after at sight D．T/R 6、福费廷业务中的远期汇票应得到（C）担保。 A.进口商 B.出口商 C.进口方银行 D.出口方银行 7、以下承担信用证下第一性付款义务的是：（D ） A．议付行B．偿付行C．通知行D．保兑行 8、以下关于可转让信用证说法错误的是：（B ）。 A．可转让信用证适用于中间商贸易 B．信用证可以转让给一个或一个以上的第二受益人，而且这些第二受益人又可以转让给两个以上的受益人 C．未经过信用证授权的转让行办理，受益人自行办理的信用证转让业务视为无效 D．可转让信用证中只有一个开证行 9、跟单托收业务中，即期D/P、远期D/P、D/A做法步骤不同主要发生在（D ）之间。A．委托人与托收行B．委托人与代收行C．托收行与代收行D．代收行与付款人 10、以下关于托收指示说法错误的是：（D ）。 A．是根据托收申请书缮制的 B．是代收行进行托收业务的依据 C．是托收行制作的 D．是托收行进行托收业务的依据 11、结算方式中，就出口方所承担的风险从大到小的顺序排列，应该是（B ）。 A.付款交单托收、承兑交单托收、跟单信用证 SMT006-1参考答案 修改信用证 2013 MAR29 08:17:21 MT: H.S.700 ISSUE OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT FUNC FJQZOOTQ UMR10732456 APPLICATION HEADER 0 700 1635 060328 CZNBSBAXXX 5913 287523 060328 1536 N ? KOOKMIN BANK ? PUSAN USER HEADER SERVICE CODE 103 BANK PRIORITY 113 INFO.FROMC1211: SEQUE NCE OF TOTAL ? 27: 1/2 FORM OF DOC. CREDIT ? 40:IRREVOCABLE DOC. CREDIT NUMBER ? MKC478632 DATE OF ISSUE ? 31C:20130428 EXIPRY ? 31D: DATE 20130610IN OUR COUNTRY 20130627IN CHINA APPLICANT ? 50: D.D. TRADING COMPANY BENEFICIARY ? 59: WENZHOU SMART INTERNATIONAL COMPANY 189 YANDANG ROAD 18 WENZHOU CHINA AMOUNT ? 32B: CURRENCY USD AMOUNT 31920.00 32376.00 A VAILABLE WITH/BY ? 4 ID: BANK OF CHINA, WENZHOU BRANCH BY NEGOTIATION DRAFTS AT... ? 42C: DRAFTS AT 30 DAYS' SIGHT A T SIGHT DRAWEE ? 42A: CZNBSBAXXX KOOKMIN BANK PUSAN PARTIAL SHIPMENTS ? 43P: ALLOWED TRANSHIPMENT ? 43T: PROHIBITED ALLOW LOADING IN CHARGE ? 44A: SHIPMENT FROM CHINESE PORT (S) FOR TRANSPORT TO ? 44B: PUSAN, KOREA LATEST DATE OF SHIP ? 44C: 2013051020130612 DESCRIPT.OF GOODS ? 45A: TENDENCY SHOE767 2280 PAIRS UNIT PRICE: USD 14.00 PER PAIR USD 14.20 PRICE TERM: CIF PUSAN CIFC5% 一、根据下列信用证回答问题 TO： BANK OF CHINA SHANGHAI BRANCH FROM： THE HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION NEW YORK BRANCH LC NO：1678 APPLICANT：HOME TEXTILES CO.LTD. 220 HILL STREET ,NEW YORK,NY.,U.S.A. BENIFICIARY: SHANGHAI TEXTILE IMP AND EXP CORPORATION 27 ZHONGSHAN ROAD SHANGHAI.P.R. CHINA. DATE OF ISSUE: 30 FEB 1997 EXPIRY DATE AND PLACE: 30 APR 1997 SHANGHAI AMOUNT: USD 64,500 (SAY U.S. DOLLARS SIXTY FOUR THOUSAND AND FIVE HUNDRED ONLY) AVAILABLE BY NEGOTIATION WITH ANY BANK AGAINST BENEFICIARY'S DRAFT AT 30 DAYS SIGHT DRAWN ON US SHIPMENT FROM SHANGHAI TO NEW YORK NOT LATER THAN 15 APR 1997 PARTIAL SHIPMENTS ALLOWED TRANSHIPMENT NOT ALLOWED DOCUMENTS REQUIRED: --COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN DUPLICATE --FULL SET CLEAN ON BOARD BILLS OF LADING MADE OUT OUR ORDER MARKED FREIGHT PREPAID NOTIFY APPLICANT --INSURANCE POLICY/CERTIFICATE COVERING W.A. AND W.R. AS PER CIC 1/1/1981 COVERING:10,000 METER 100 PCT COTTON PRINT 54/56" AT USD 6.45 PER METER CIF NEW YORK SHIPPING MARKS: SALE CONTRACT SELLER：TIFERT TRADING CO.，LTD NO：SHDS03027 NO.86，ZHUJIANG ROAD，TIANJIN，CHINA DA TE：APR.03，2008 BUYER：NEO GENERAL TRADING CO. #362 JALAN STREET，TORONTO，CANADA SIGNED IN：TIANJIN THIS CONTRACT IS MADE BY AND AGREED BETWEEN THE BUYER AND THE SELLER，IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS STIPULATED BELOW COMMODITY&SPECIFICATION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE&TRADE TERMS AMOUNT CIF C5 TORONTO CHINESE CERAMIC DINNERW ARE DS1511 30-PIECE DINNERWARE AND TEA SET DS2201 20-DINNERWARE SET DS4504 45-DINNERWARE SET DS5120 95-DINNERWARE SET 542SETS 800SETS 443SETS 254SETS USD 23.50 USD 20.40 USD 23.20 USD 30.10 USD127 37.00 USD16320.00 USD10277.60 USD7645.40 TOTAL 2039SETS USD46980.00 WITH 10% MORE OR LESS OF SHIPMENT ALLOWED AT THE SELLER'S OPTION TOTAL V ALUE：SAY US DOLLARS FORTY SIX THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY ONL Y PACKING：DS2201 IN CARTONS OF 2 SETS EACH AND DS1511，DS4504，DS5120 TO BE PACKED IN CARTONS OF 1 SET EACH ONL Y TOTAL：1639 CARTONS AT BUYER'S OPTION SHIPPING MARKS： TIME OF SHIPMENT&MEANS OF TRANSPORTA TION：TO BE EFFECTED BEFORE THE END OF APRIL 2008 WITH PARTIAL SHIPMENT ALLOWED AND TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED PORT OF LOADING&DESTINATION：FROM TIANJIN TO TORONTO INSURANCE：THE SELLER SHALL COVER INSURANCE AGAINST WPA AND CLASH&BREKAGE&WAR RISK FOR 110% OF THE TOTAL INVOICE V ALUE AS PER THE RELEV ANT OCEAN MARINE CARGO OF PICC DA TED 1/1/1981 TERMS OF PAYMENT：THE BUYER SHALL OPEN AN IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THE SELLER TO REACH THE SELLER BEFORE APRIL 10，2008 V ALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT THE BUYER THE SELLER NEO GENERAL TRADING CO. TIFERT TRADING CO.，LTD 贸易术语案例分析题及参考答案 案例分析题 1. 我某外贸企业向国外一新客户订购一批初级产品，按CFR中国某港口、即期信用证付款条件达成交易，合同规定由卖方以程租船方式将货物运交我方。我开证银行也凭国外议付行提交的符合信用证规定的单据付了款。但装运船只一直未到达目的港，后经多方查询，发现承运人原是一家小公司，而且在船舶起航后不久已宣告倒闭，承运船舶是一条旧船，船、货均告失踪，此系卖方与船方互相勾结进行诈骗，导致我方蒙受重大损失。试分析，我方应从中吸取哪些教训? 答：教训：（1）应对卖方和船公司进行资信调查。（2）使用CFR贸易术语进口时，对卖方和船公司不甚了解的情况下，应尽量避免使用信用证结算方式，而应采用汇付与银行保函结合运用的方式，或卖方先交货，买方后付款的方式。（3）进口尽量采用FOB贸易术语。 2. 我某出口企业与某外商按CIF某港口、即期信用证方式付款的条件达成交易，出口合同和收到的信用证均规定不准转运。我方在信用证有效期将货物装上直驶目的港的班轮，并以直运提单办理了议付，国外开证行也凭议付行提交的直运提单付了款。承运船只驶离我国途经某港时，船公司为接载其他货物，擅自将我方托运的货物卸下，换装其他船舶继续运往目的港。由于中途耽搁，加上换装的船舶设备旧，使抵达目的港的时间比正常直运船的抵达时间晚了两个多月，影响了买方对货物的使用。为此，买方向我出口企业提出索赔，理由是我方提交的是直运提单，而实际上是转船运输，是弄虚作假行为。我方有关业务员认为，合同用的是“到岸价格”，船舶的舱位是我方租订的，船方擅自转船的风险理应由我方承担。因此按对方要求进行了理赔。问我方这样做是否正确?为什么? 答：我方这样做是不正确的。（1）因为我方已按买卖合同和信用证的规定在信用证有效期将货物装上直驶目的港的班轮，并提交了直运提单买卖信用征的规定提供了直达提单；（2）CIF 合同是装运合同，根据〈2010国际贸易术语解释通则〉CIF贸易合同，卖方将货物装上船后的风险及费用都应由买方负责，卖方只保证按时装运，不保证什么时间到货；（3）“船公司为接载其他货物，擅自将我方托运的货物卸下，换装其他船舶继续运往目的港”，这是船公司单方面的主，并没有经我方同意，因此，是船方的责任，而不是我方的责任，买方应持直达提单向船方索赔。 因此，我方按对方要求进行了理赔的作法是不正确的。 3. 某口岸出口公司按CIF London向英商出售一批核桃仁，由于该商品季节性较强，双方在合同中规定：买方须于9月底前将信用证开到，卖方保证运货船只不得迟于12月2日驶抵目的港。如货轮迟于12月2日抵达目的港，买方有权取消合同。如货款已收，卖方须将货款退还买方。问这一合同的性质是否还属于CIF合同？ 答：本案中的合同性质已不属于CIF合同。因为：（1）CIF合同是“装运合同”，即按此类销售合同成交时，卖方在合同规定的装运期在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，即完成了交货义务，对货物在运输途中发生灭失或损坏的风险以及货物交运后发生的事件所产生的费用，卖方概不承担责任。而本案的合同条款规定：“卖方保证不得迟于12月5日将货物交付买方，否则，买方有权撤销合同……”该条款意指卖方必须在12月5日将货物实际交给买方，其已改变了“装运合同”的性质； （2）CIF术语是典型的象征性交货，在象征性交货的情况下，卖方凭单交货，买方凭单付款， 《国际货款的收付》练习题 一、中英文互译: 1、汇票 2、票汇 3、电汇４、托收 5、D／A 6、D/Ｐ.T/R 7、跟单信用证 8、不可撤销信用证 二、单项选择题 1．按照出票人不同,汇票可以分为( )。 A．商业汇票和银行汇票 B.即期汇票和远期汇票 C.光票和跟单汇票 D.商业承兑汇票和银行承兑汇票 2.某公司签发一张汇票,上面注明“At ９0 dａyｓ aｆtｅr ｓiｇht”，这是一张( )。 A.即期汇票 B.远期汇票 C．光票 D.跟单汇票３.在汇票的使用过程中，使汇票一切债务终止的环节是( ）。 A.提示 B．承兑 C．背书 D.付款 ４.信用证付款方式下银行向受益人履行付款义务的条件是( ）。 A.受益人按期履行合同 B.受益人按信用证规定交货 C．受益人提交严格符合信用证要求的单据 5．保兑行的付款责任是（）。 A.第一性的Ｂ.第二性的Ｃ.第三性的 D.第四性的 6.一般情况下，可转让信用证可以转让（ )。 A.一次 B.二次Ｃ．三次 D．无数次 7.在国际贸易中，统一解释信用证各有关事项的国际惯例是( )。 A.《托收统一规则》Ｂ.《国际商会第６00号出版物》C.《合约保证书统一规则》 D.海牙规则 ８.一张有效的信用证,必须规定一个（ )。 A.装运期 B．有效期Ｃ.交单期 D.议付期 9.按照《跟单信用证统一惯例》的规定,受益人最后向银行交议付的期限是不迟于提单签发日( )。 A.11天Ｂ．15天 C．２1天Ｄ.２5天 10.“见票后3０天付款”的汇票的付款日期,必须根据( ）计算。 Ａ.承兑提示日 B．出票日 C．提单签发日Ｄ.付款提示日1１.背书人在汇票背面只有签名,不写被背书人，这是( ）。 A.限定性背书 B．特别背书Ｃ.记名背书 D.空白背书 12.在一份信用证修改通知书中,如有多项修改内容,受益人可以( ）。A．全部接受 B.部分接受 13.在国际贸易结算中，汇票通常是（ )开立的,委托当地银行向国外进口人或其指定银行收取货款的票据。 Ａ.进口商Ｂ.出口商 C.代理商 D.经销商14.信用证规定到期日为20１１年5月３1日，而未规定最迟装运期，则可理解为（ )。 信用证实训 一、根据下列合同审核并修改信用证 SALES CONFIRMATION S/C NO.:SPT-211 DATE: Jan.8, 2015 The Seller: SHANGHAI SPORTING GOODS IMP. & EXP. CORP Address: 215 HUQIU ROAD SHANGHAI CHINA The Buyer: PETRRCO INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO. Address: 1100 SHEPPARD AVENUE EAST SUITE406 PORT OF LOADING AND DESTINATION: From Shanghai to Vancouver with transshipment and partial shipment allowed. TIME OF SHIPMENT: During Mar. 2015 TERMS OF PAYMENT: The buyer shall open through a bank acceptable to the seller an irrevocable letter of credit at sight to reach the seller 30 days before the month of shipment valid for negotiation in Vancouver until the 15th day after the date of shipment. INSURANCE: To be covered by the seller for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risks as per the relevant ocean marine cargo clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China dated 01/01/1981. REMARKS: 1.The Buyer shall have the covering letter of credit reach the seller 30 days before shipment, falling which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to regard as still valid whole or any part of this contract not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses thus sustained, if any. 2.In case of any discrepancy in Quality/Quantity, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 130 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination; while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be filed by the Buyer within 150 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination. 3.For transactions concluded on C.I.F. basis, it is understood that the insurance amount will be for 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in the Sales Confirmation. If additional insurance amount or coverage required, the Buyer must have the consent of the Seller before Shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer. 4.The Seller shall not hold liable for non-delivery or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods hereunder by reason of natural disasters, war or other causes of Force Majeure. However, the Seller shall notify the Buyer as soon as possible and furnish the Buyer within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade attesting such event(S). 5.All disputes arising out of the performance of, or relating to this contract, shall be settled through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall arbitration in 国际商务单证员考试重点考题及答案 考生在备考时，必须熟悉考试的试题特点，明确备考方向和重点。下面是为考生的国际商务单证员考试重点考题及答案，供大家参考学习，预祝考生备考成功。 判断题(答案为“是”的，请在答题卡上涂A，答案为“否”的，请在答题卡上涂B) 1.一份报关单可以填报多个许可证号。 ( ) 2.所有出口货物都需要经过法定检验后，才能报关出运。( ) 3.在FOB条件下，卖方可以接受买方委托，代办租船订舱手续。( ) 4.不清洁提单的不良批注是从大副收据上转注过来的( )。 5.对开信用证多用于易货贸易、补偿贸易和来料加工、来件装 配等业务。 ( ) 6.班轮运输的特点之一是由船方负责装卸。( ) 7.进口企业申请开立信用证时，须填写开证申请书，并向银行 递交进口合同副本、有关附件，向银行交纳一定的押金和手续费。 ( ) 8.在审核信用证时，对信用证中的附加条款一般可以不审核。( ) 9.《》规定，标明“正本”(original)字样的单据为正本单据，须经出单人签署方为有效。标明“副本”(Copy)或不标明“正本”字样的单据为副本单据，无须签署。 ( ) 10.票据法规定，背书人对票据所负的责任与出票人相同，但对其后手没有担保责任。( ) 11.票据是一种流通证券，所有票据都可经过背书转让。( ) 12.在托收业务中，如果委托人没有指定代收行，托收行可自行选择代收行。 ( ) 13.根据《UCP600》规定，保兑行保兑信用证后，对随后接到的修改书可自行决定是否将保兑责任扩展至修改书。 ( ) 14.货物装船后，托运人凭船公司的装货单换取已装船提单。( ) 15.票据的转让必须通知债务人方为有效。( ) 16.提单上载明“货于4月8日全部装完”表示的是“已装船提单”的日期。 ( ) 17."PLS OFFER 600MT GROUND NUTS xxCROP CIFC5 TOKYO DIRECT STEAMER INDICATING PYMT TERMS EARLIEST SHIPMENT".上述内容是 贸易磋商中的发盘环节。 ( ) 18.一项发盘如表明是不可撤销的，则意味着发盘人无权撤销该发盘。 ( ) 19.按《UCP600》规定，银行接受7种运输单据，除非另有约定，一般银行不接受卖方提交的快递收据。 ( ) 20.如果信用证只规定最迟装运期，未列有效期，受益人应按双到期来操作。 ( ) 参考答案： 信用证与单据部分 一、单项选择题 1.信用证属于( ① )。 ①逆汇②商业信用③顺汇④汇付 2.信用证方式下的主债务人为( ① )。 ①开证行②进口商③议付行④通知行 3.货物已装船后签发的提单为( ③ )。 ①备运提单②指示提单 ③已装船提单④记名提单 4．不可撤销信用证的显著特点是（②）。 ①给予受益人双重的付款承诺②有开证行确定的付款承诺 ③给予买方最大的灵活性④给予卖方以最大的安全性 5．以下关于承兑信用证的说法，正确的是（②）。 ①在该项下，受益人可自由选择议付行 ②承兑信用证的汇票的期限是远期 ③其起算日是交单日 ④对受益人有追索权 6．以下关于海运提单的说法，不正确的是（③）。 ①是货物收据②是运输合约证明 ③是无条件支付命令④是物权凭证 7．提单收货人一栏写明：“Pay to th e order of A Co.,”这是一张（①）。 ①指示性提单②备运提单③记名提单④来人提单 8．海运提单和航空运单（③）。 ①均为物权凭证 ②均为“可以转让”的物权凭证 ③前者作为物权凭证；后者不可转让，不作物权凭证 ④前者不作为物权凭证；后者作物权凭证 9．在信用证方式下，银行保证向信用证受益人履行付款责任的条件是（③）。 ①受益人按期履行合同 ②受益人按信用证规定交货 ③受益人提交严格符合信用证要求的单据 ④开证申请人付款赎单 10．信用证支付方式实际上把进口商履行的付款责任，转移给（②）。 ①出口商②银行③供货商④最终用户 11. 出口商要保证信用证下安全收汇，必须做到（②）。 ①单据与合同相符且单单相符 ②提交单据与信用证相符且单单相符 ③当 L/C与合同不符时，提交单据以合同为准 ④提交单据与合同、信用证均相符 12．根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定，在金额、数量和单价前有“大约”的术语，应释为多少的增减幅度（④）。 ①5% ②7% ③8% ④10% 13．在来料加工和补偿贸易中常使用（①）。 ①循环信用证②议付信用证 ③延期付款信用证④预支信用证 14．当受益人审证时发现信用证与合同不符时，应要求（②）。 ①开证行改证②开证人改证 ③通知行改证④付款行改证 15．在L/C、D/P和D/A三种支付方式下，就卖方风险而言，按由大到小顺序排列，哪个正确（③）。 ①L/C> D/A> D/P ②L/C> D/P> D/A ③D/A> D/P> L/C ④D/P> D/A> L/C 信用证修改练习 实例01 合同条款如下： 卖方：北京中国纺织品进出口公司(China National Textiles Import & Export Corporation, Jianshe Road, Beijing, China) 买方：新加坡通用贸易公司(General Trading Company, Fucheng Road, Singapore) 商品名称：鸽牌印花细布("Dove" Brand Printed Shirting) 规格：30×36 72×69 35/6" ×42 YARD 数量：67,200码 ~ 单价：YARD CIF SINGAPORE，含佣金3％ 总值：HKD201, 装运期：2006年1月31日前自中国港口至新加坡，允许分装运和转船。 付款条件：凭不可撤销即期信用证付款，于装运期前一个月开到卖方，并于上述装运期后十五天内在中国议付有效。 保险：由卖方根据中国人民保险公司1981年1月1日中国保险条款按发票金额的110％投保一切险和战争险。 签订日期、地点：2005年10月11日于北京 合同号码：PS—1234 - 开来信用证如下： ABC BANK Date: 1 November, 2005 To: Bank of China Beijing We hereby open our Irrevocable Letter of Credit -1234 in favor of China National Textiles Import & Export Corp, for account of General Trading Company, Singapore, up to an aggregate amount of HK $201,600,00(Say Us Dollars Two Hundred and One Thousand Six Hundred Only) CIFC2% Singapore for 100% of the invoice value relative to the shipment of: 67,200 Pieces of Dove Brand Printed Shirting 30×36 72×69 35/6" ×42 yards 实训：综合制单 练习：根据下列国外来证及有关信息缮制发票、装箱单、原产地证书、提单、保单、汇票等 单据。AWC-23-522号合同项下商品的有关信息如下：该批商品用纸箱包装,每箱装10 盒,每箱净重为75公斤，毛重为80公斤，纸箱尺寸为113×56×30CM，商品编码为 6802.2110，货物由“胜利”轮运送出海。 FROM： HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP., HONGKONG TO: BANK OF CHINA, XIAMEN BRANCH, XIAMEN CHINA TEST: 12345 DD. 010705 BETWEEN YOUR HEAD OFFICE AND US. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR NO. FOR VERIFICATION. WE HEREBY ISSUED AN IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT NO. HKH123123 FOR USD8,440.00, DATED 040705. APPLICANT: PROSPERITY INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD. 342-3 FLYING BUILDING KINGDOM STREET HONGKONG BENEFICIARY: XIAMEN TAIXIANG IMP. AND EXP. CO. LTD. NO. 88 YILA ROAD 13/F XIANG YE BLOOK RONG HUA BUILDING, XIAMEN, CHINA THIS L/C IS AVAILABLE WITH BENEFICIARY’S DRAFT A T 30 DAYS AFTER SIGHT DRAWN ON US ACCOMPANIED BY THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS: 1.SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN TRIPLICATE. 2.PACKING LIST IN TRIPLICATE INDICATING ALL PACKAGE MUST BE PACKED IN CARTON/ NEW IRON DRUM SUITABLE FOR LONG DISTANCE OCEAN TRANSPORTATION. 3.CERTIFICATE OF CHINESE ORIGIN IN DUPLICATE. 4.FULL SET OF CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN MARINE BILL OF LADING MADE OUT TO ORDER AND BLANK ENDORSED MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID” AND NOTIFY APPLICANT. 5.INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN DUPLICATE ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR THE VALUE OF 110 PERCENT OF THE INVOICE COVERING FPA/WA/ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER CIC DATED 1/1/81. SHIPMENT FROM: XIAMEN, CHINA .SHIPMENT TO: HONGKONG LATEST SHIPMENT 31 AUGUST 2004 PARTIAL SHIPMENT IS ALLOWED, TRANSSHIPMENT IS NOT ALLOWED. COVERING SHIPMENT OF: COMMODITY AND SPECIFICATIONS QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT CIF HONGKONG. 1625/3D GLASS MARBLE 2000BOXES USD2.39/BOX USD4,780.00 1641/3D GLASS MARBLE 1000BOXES USD1.81/BOX USD1,810.00 2506D GLASS MARBLE 1000BOXES USD1.85/BOX USD1,850.00 SHIPPING MARK: P.7. HONGKONG NO. 1-400 ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS:信用证练习(有答案)
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