动词填空 解题技巧与练习

动词填空 解题技巧与练习
动词填空 解题技巧与练习

动词填空解题技巧与练习

作者(来源):西安教育网发布时间:2005-09-06 翻阅96、97年全国各省、市的会考、中考试题,发现都考查了“动词填空”,可见“动词填空”这个题目的重要性。要做好动词填空题,掌握一定的技巧是很重要的。一般可从下列几个方面来考虑:

1、确定正确的时态;

2、注意所填动词的语态;

3、确定动词的形式。

下面就这几个方面谈一下“动词填空”的技巧和方法,供同学们复习时参考。

一、如何确定正确的时态

1、根据时间状语确定时态

时间状语与时态有着极为密切的关系,例如:

A. I _____(write)now.

B. I ____ (lose)my pen yesterday.

C. We ____(study )English for two years. A句的时间状语now是指动作正在进行,故应用现在进行时态,答案应填am writing。B 句的时间状语是指过去时间,故动词应用一般过去时态,答案应填动词的过去式lost。C 句中的时间状语是指动作的延续,故应用现在完成时,答案应填have studied。

与各种时态连用的时间状语:

一般现在时:usually,often,always,so metimes,every day,on Sunday等。

现在进行时:now,有时句前有Look!或Listen!等词提示。

一般将来时:this Sunday,next w eek ,tomorrow ,tomorrow morning,on F riday,in+一段时间等。

一般过去时:yesterday,just now,last year,an hour ago,in 1985等。

现在完成时:for+一段时间,since+时间点,in th e past +一段时间,these days,recently,just ,never,ever,already,yet,before等。

2、根据上、下文来确定时态

有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态。

例如:A. Who are you looking for?

I ____ (look)for Xiao Wang.

B. Why didn't you see the film yesterday?

Because I ____ (see )it.

根据下文的语意来确定,A句应用现在进行时,答案应填am looking,B句应用过去完成时,答案应填had

seen。

3、根据主从句的关系来确定时态

在主从复合句中,主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。

①在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的相应时态。

例如:He said that Li Lei ______ (finish)the work when Mr. Wu came in.此句主句的谓语动词是said,所以宾语从句中的finish也该用过去时态。但到底使用过去时态的哪一种呢?由于宾语从句本身又有自己的时间状语,而且也是一般过去时,那么根据finish 和come两个动作发生的前后时间关系来推理,fini sh 发生在come之前,即为过去的过去。所以空白处应填had finished。

②在宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句可用任意需要的时态。例如:

A.I hear she came back yesterday.

B. He knows that Jim will work hard.

③在时间、条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时或是祈使句,从句要用一般现在时。例如:

A. I will go to the park with you if it _ ____ (not rain )this afternoon.

B. I will give the book to her as soon as I _____(see )her.

以上答案分别是:doesn't rain,see。

4、根据语言习惯来确定时态

在按语法规则来正确使用时态的同时,我们还必须注意时态的某些特殊用法和习惯用法。

①进行时态可用来表示即将发生的动作。例如:I am coming.我就来。

She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

她明天动身去上海。

②口语中可用一般过去时代替一般现在时,使语气变得委婉、客气或带有商量和征求意见的口吻。例如:How did you like the red coat?你觉得这件红色的大衣怎么样?

Would you please give me a piece of pap er?请你给我一张纸好吗?

5、永恒的真理或客观存在的状态用一般现在时态。例如:

The earth goes round the sun. Light trav els faster than sound.

6、句子是祈使句,或在情态动词、助动词后,谓语动词用原形。例如:A. Don't _____(read)in the s

un.

B. You'd better ____(stay)at home.

以上答案分别是:read,stay。

二、注意所填动词的语态

如所填动词是谓语动词,应先根据主语和谓语动词之间的主、被动关系,确定动词的语态,一般说,句子主语是谓语动作的执行者,则用主动语态。若句子主语是动作承受者,则用被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。

例如:This kind of bicycle ____ (make)in Shanghai.

本句中的主语This kind of bicycle,不能执行ma ke这一动作。相反,它是make动作的承受对象,故为被动语态。答案应填is made。

三、确定动词的非谓语形式

如果所填的动词在句子中不作谓语,那么就应考虑用动词的非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式主要有:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式(现在分词或动名词)、过去分词等。到底采用哪一种形式,要根据习惯搭配、各种非谓语形式的用途和特点、修辞及句子结构的要求等方面来决定。

1.在be worth,be busy,what about,how about等之后用动词的-ing形式。例如:what about playing football now?

2.在介词之后一般应用动词的-ing形式。例如:He d oes well in playing basketball.

3.在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等动词后用动词的-ing形式。例如:You kept forgetting about y our book.

4.在动词decide,hope,wish,refuse,plan等之后用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask,tell,order,invi te之后用动词不定式的复合结构,即“ask sb. to do sth.”的形式。

例如:①Li Lei decided to ─help Mary with her English.②Mr Smith asked me to help hi m.

5.在see,hear,watch,notice,let,make,h elp 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略不定式符号to。

例如:A woman saw it happen when she wa s walking past.

6.在It's time(for sb.)to do sth. /

It's very kind (nice,good)of sb. to do s th. /

It takes sb. some time to do sth.的句型中使用to不定式短语作句子的真正主语。

例如:It's time for us to go to school.

7.“疑问代/副词(why除外)+to 不定式”结构在句中可做主语,表语和宾语。

例如:The question is when to start.

I don't know where to go.

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