《英语听力教程3》第二版_Unit2_答案

Part I Getting ready

A.

B. Keys:

1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature,

United Nations, wildlife, policies

2: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species,

trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls,

30000

3: United Nations Environmental Program,

leadership, environment, quality of life

4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) ,

1961, Sahara Desert, North America & most of Europe,

top soil blowing away

C. Keys:

1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3

Questions:

1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife

2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up

3: It refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freely

Part II Christmas bird counts

A. Keys:

1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter

5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800s

B. Keys:

1: start 2: sponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers

5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part

8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds

11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefined

Part III Dolphin captivity

A.

B. Keys:

1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 2

6: Dolphins should be kept in captivity.

7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.

C. Keys:

1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off

3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins

4: natural behabior patterns-altered

5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws

6: can't learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.

Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of Wealth

Keys:

1：9300 2：Habitat 3：warmer climates 4：300 different species

5：colder climates 6：habitat alteration 7：esthetic value 8：Birds' population

Part V Do you know…?

Keys:

1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times

3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million

6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3%

9: 200 animal species 10: 1000

11: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quarters

Tape script

Part I Getting ready

A: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.

B: The what?

A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means. B: Oh, all right.

A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil …

B: Oh.

A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted

for their ivory.

B: I see.

A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.

B: Really.

A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. B: Very interesting.

A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?

Part II Christmas bird counts

John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.

Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed

during the two and one half week period of the count.

Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.

This year, according to Mr. LeBaron, more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple.

"Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."

Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea of the total bird populations within the count circle based on the number of birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers.

"Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."

Part III Dolphin captivity

A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captive dolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's Ocean Journeys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "No Dolphins in Denver' campaign. As Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn.

P: Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.

R: Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect a dolphin to live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity, the dolphin population is dead.

P: According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can't live full lives in captivity.

R: If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is very family-oriented. These animals are separated from their mothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off of walls, they can't swim in the same amount of time and direction that they can in the wild.

P: Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:

J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, and they're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as he could from one end of the pool on ... to the other side and destroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have a very sophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to play with the lives of these animals.

P: Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College in Oregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if any difference in the average age of death. And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captive

dolphins.

D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution that we've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend in captivity has been that the groups of animals that we’re following are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.

P: There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphins play an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.

D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organisms that we share this world with if we do not understand how they live in an environment, and what they do, and that watching them go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what an animal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds, what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.

P: But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.

R: In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death. There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs or fractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.

P: The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphins in the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.

Part IV More about the topic: Birds----A Source of Wealth

Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it.

"Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of the first things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it just means there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in their including humans."

National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect.

"People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just there, the quality of life, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."

Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society's annual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.

Part V Do you know…?

Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet.

Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to40 000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years.

Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the form of parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area).

Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endangered. More than 1 000 animal species are endangered worldwide.

Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.