雅思2012-11-21考官不想你知道的summary题型

雅思2012-11-21考官不想你知道的summary题型
雅思2012-11-21考官不想你知道的summary题型

隐藏起来的summary题型

朗阁海外考试研究中心

南昌朗阁雅思英语培训中心

朗阁海外考试研究中心/南昌朗阁雅思英语培训中心分析发现,对于summary题型,考生们的正确率有着很大的差异。有些同学可以做的又快又好,但是对于有些同学,summary题型就是一场噩梦。在此,笔者将对summary的出题特点和应试技巧作出全面的剖析。

一、概述

summary题型在每次考试中的出题概率是5-10题。如此大的出题量,体现了雅思考官对于summary题型的青睐。究其原因,summary一词的解读应该是“摘要归纳”,换句话来说,这种题型是借助细节定位的能力去考查对于文章大意的理解。可见summary题型考查的方向更全面,即,同时考查skimming和scanning的能力。

二、出题形式(你知道的和你不知道的雅思考官出题方式)

summary题型的出题方式分成两种:原文原词和给定选词。原文原词,即在原文中找到一个适当的词,填写在空格处,一般词性无需改变。给定选词,即在list of words or phrases 中找到一个适当的词填充,一般选项中的词已经经过同义替换。由此不难看出,原文原词的难度稍低。

如,原文原词的提问方法一般是complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each answer. 给定选词的提问方法一般是complete the summary using the lists of words, A-J, below.

你所不知道的考官出题形式:全文summary和部分文章summary. 在剑桥系列cambridge4-2-1(注,剑桥4-test2-passage1,下同)“Lost For Words”和cambridge5-1-1 “Johnson Dictionary”是两篇非常典型的全文summary。在实际的解题中,大部分考生反映,全文summary阅读量大,迷惑性强,解题难度高。对于如何分辨全文或者部分summary, 笔

者会在下面的文章里给予详细剖析。

三、解题思路

1. 审题Skim the instructions

A. 文章中有无对应

有:剑桥系列部分文章中有直接的解题指示,如cambridge4-3-3 “obtaining linguistic data”: complete the summary of the paragraph G和cambridge4-4-2 “the nature and aims of archaeology”: complete the summary of the last two paragraphs. 如果审题不细,将是重大失误。

无:大部分的题目中无明显指示。这时,一般默认此题目是全文summary, 然后用题目中第一句话,回到原文中对应。

B. 文章中有无标题

多数summary题是没有标题的,但凡给出summary题目标题的,一定是部分文章summary,并且标题就是定位点。如,cambridge5-1-3 “the truth about the environment” 38-40题,“GLOBAL WARMING”,cambridge7-1-1 “Let’s go bats”6-9题,“facial vision”以及cambridge7-3-1 “Ant Intelligence” 7-13题,“Ants as farmers”。

Tip: 以上两点方式,可以明确的辨析是全文summary还是部分文章summary.

C. 审阅出题方式

原文原词---字数限制ONE OR TWO WORDS, NO MORE THAN X WORDS, ONE WORD ONLY, etc.

给定选词---誊写标识符A-J

D. 题量多少

若是全文summary, 题量越少,难度越大。

E. 部分题目有重复使用选项的提示

如,NB you may use any letter more than once.

2. summary试金石----先猜后找

A. 猜----词性,单复数

如,★ be + adj.作表语。

a\an +adj.+n. → n.+be+adj. →n.+who\which+be+n.

e.g.: a chronic problem → the problem is chronic →the problem which is chronic

★ n. 单复数:a\an + n.单数every\each +n.单数many a +n.单数

—n.— +be动词(is → n.单数are→n.复数)

★ v. → adv. 相互修饰

B. 空格前后KEYWORDS回原文中定位

四、实战模拟

下面,笔者以cambridge6-4-2 “Do literate women make better mothers?”的summary题目为例,做出一个解题的示范。

Questions 14-18

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.

Write the correct letter, A-J in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once

The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate 14___to read and write. Public health experts have been known for many years that there is a connection between child health and 15____. However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16___ in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as 17____and attitude to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18____can in itself improve infant health and survival.

解题:

1. 浏览题目,本题是给定选词summary, 题目中无明确对应指示,且有NB提示可能有重复。

2. 浏览题干,预测答案-----猜

14题,因为短语teach sb. to do sth. 所以,可以大胆预测答案应该是人称,选项中缩小范围B or G

15题和18题,结合文章的标题我们不难看出,本文所讲的关系是母亲的文化程度和婴儿健康之间的关系。所以选项中缩小范围 A. child literacy F. maternal literacy H. paternal literacy。很明显,首先排除A选项,F与H选项单词辨析,maternal adj. 母亲的,母系的,paternal adj. 父亲的,父系的,parental adj. 父母亲的。推理出答案选择F。

16题,this question has been investigated by 16___ in Nicaragua. 不难看出,此空格是被动语态缺少主语的位置。16空格应该是人称并且investigate一词暗示空格处的词应该是研究团队或者是专业组织,缩小选择 C. an international research team or I. a National Literacy Crusade. 很明显I是干扰选择,因为文中多次提到National Literacy Crusade是个social programme.

3. 空格前后关键词定位----找

因为本文属于乱序的summary, 所以在解题中给考生们造成定位上的很大干扰。这里,笔者提醒大家,实际考试中如遇到此情况不要慌张,把每道题单独划关键词到原文中定位。17题,在“猜”的过程中是无法缩小或者确定选项的,因此只能定位关键词。Factors such as 17___and attitude to children have been eliminated. 关键词不难看出,应该是attitude to children, 但是在原文中定位不到,这里只能找到没有被改变的单词eliminate. 定位原文:“most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact th at a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it valuate its children more

highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that ….”因此,我们能够找到“attitude to children”和“its valuat es its children more highly”进行了同义改写。答案选择是J. family wealth.

五、综述

Summary作为雅思四大主流题型,全面考查考生的语言能力,且在出题方式上灵活多变,是考生们要引以注意的一种题型。在解题思路上,可按照笔者上述的解题技巧多加练习,一定会取得事半功倍的成效。

最新雅思考官满分范文12篇资料

Writing Task2 Topics 2-2 “Prevention is better than cure.” Out of a country’s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 3-2 When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6-GB Using a computer everyday can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree? 5-2 In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 4-GB Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age? 6-2 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6-4 Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 3-3 In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience important for learning and taking responsibility. What are your opinions on this? 4-2 Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 4-4 In many countries schools have severe problems with students behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? 5-GB Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?

雅思阅读教案

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剑桥英语雅思考官范文大作文小作文

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雅思阅读SUMMARY题型解答

今天给大家介绍雅思阅读SUMMARY题型该如何解答 一、SUMMARY题型要求 雅思阅读该类题目是一小段文字,是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写,称之为摘要。摘要中有几个空白部分要求考生填空。 SUMMARY要求考生要对原文的内容结构有精确的把握,更需要考生运用一定的综合概括能力,将原文和缩写文章进行词句、词语的比较,提取原文信息。 按照范围,摘要可分为两种: 全文摘要(8-10题)和部分段落摘要(涉及2-3段,5-6题)。 全文摘要,摘要信息来自全文,题目空格的数目较多。 部分段落摘要,摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落,题目空格的数目较少。 最近雅思考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要,信息来自原文连续的两到三段,题目空格的数量在5 题左右。对于部分段落摘要,有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落,如complete the summary below of the first two paragraphs of the reading passage。 但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要,并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。 按照填空内容,摘要也可分为三种:原文原词、从多个选项中选词和自己写词。 原文原词的题目要求中常有from the reading passage 的字样。从多个选项中选词,选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。从多个选项 中选词或自己写词的题目要求中没有from the reading passage 的字样,有时会有using the information in the passage 的字样。 先看选项,按词性归类。注意是否有同根异性词选项(其中可能一个是答案)。以先猜后找方法解题:猜——用语法;找——回原文。 最近雅思考试中,绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词,很少有自己写词的。这类题在A类和G类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次, 每次考一组,共五题左右。 二、SUMMARY解题步骤 (1)雅思考试该类题型,要求仔细读摘要的第一句话,找出它在原文中的出处,通常是和原文某段话的 第一句相对应。确定填空部分是所给阅读文章的全篇还是部分的SUMMARY,确定是用题目所提供的单词表填空,还是需要自己从原文中挑选 单词填空。如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处,则此步可以略去不做。 (2)略读缩写文章,了解大致内容,迅速回原文定位,确定是哪一段落的SUMMARY,或是涉及哪些段落的内容。 把空格前后的词作为signal words,到原文中去找这些词的对应词。 对应词的特点如下: a.原词 b.词性变化;如空格前的词为threatening, 形容词,原文中的词为threat, 名词。

summary好例子

Steps to Writing a Summary 1.Read and understand the prompt or writing directions. What are you being asked to write about? Example: Summary of an Article Write a summary of the article. Your writing will be scored on how well you: ?state the main ideas of the article; ?identify the most important details that support the main ideas; ?write your summary in your own words, except for quotations; and ?express the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 2. Read, think about, and understand the text. Review the material to make sure you know it well. Use a dictionary or context clues to figure out the meaning of any important words that you don’t know. 3. Take notes. Write down the main ideas and important details of the article. 4.Write a thesis statement. In a single sentence, state the main idea of the article. The thesis statement should mention the underlying meaning of the article, not just the superficial details. 5. Organize and outline ideas. Write down the important details you need to include in the summary. Put them in a logical order. Topic Sentence: Evidence: #1: #2: #3: 6.Write your essay. ?Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original article. ?Focus on the main point of the article and the most important details. ?Use your own words; avoid copying phrases and sentences from the article unless they’re direct quotations. 7.Revise. Have you indented all paragraphs? Have you captured the main point of the article? Have you included the most important details? Is there sentence variety? Have you avoided writing short, choppy sentences? Are there transitional words and phrases to connect ideas? 8. Proofread and edit. Check your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Is the verb tense consistent? Are all names spelled correctly and capitalized? Have you avoided writing run-on sentences and sentence fragments? 9. Write your draft. Use blue or black ink. Skip lines. Write on one side of the paper only. Include a title on the top line. 10. Read your summary one last time before you turn it in. Look for careless spelling, punctuation, and grammar errors, especially omitted words or letters. Cross out errors neatly with a single line and write the correction above. Original Article: Bats In the distant past, many people thought bats had magical powers, but times have changed. Today, many people believe that bats are rodents, that they cannot see, and that they are more likely than other animals to carry rabies. All of these beliefs are mistaken. Bats are not rodents, are not blind, and are no more likely than dogs and cats to transmit rabies. Bats, in fact, are among the least understood and least appreciated of animals. Bats are not rodents with wings, contrary to popular belief. Like all rodents, bats are mammals, but they have a skeleton similar to the human skeleton. The bones in bat wings are much like those in arms and the human hand, with a thumb and four fingers. In bats, the bones of the arms and the four fingers of the hands are very long. This bone structure helps support the web of skin that stretches from the body to the ends of the fingers to form wings. Although bats cannot see colors, they have good vision in both dim and bright light. Since most bats stay in darkness during the day and do their feeding at night, they do not use their vision to maneuver in the dark but use a process called echolocation. This process enables bats to emit sounds from their mouths that bounce off objects and allow them to avoid the objects when flying. They use this system to locate flying insects to feed on as well. Typically, insect-eating bats emerge at dusk and fly to streams or ponds where they feed. They catch the insects on their wingtip or tail membrane and fling them into their mouths while flying. There are about 1,000 species of bat, ranging in size from the bumblebee bat, which is about an inch long, to the flying fox, which is sixteen inches long and has a wingspan of five feet. Each type of bat has a specialized diet. For seventy percent of bats, the diet is insects. Other types of bats feed on flowers, pollen, nectar, and fruit or on small animals such as birds, mice, lizards, and frogs. (continued on back)

剑桥英语7雅思考官范文(大作文+小作文)

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