2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举(6页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举(6页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举(6页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举

细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大,命题的迷惑性更大,因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换,两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能从原文中直接找到答案,而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)

...

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

...

24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A.They contain protein.

B.They are high in vitamin A.

C.They have a pleasant taste.

D.They are rich in antioxidants.

[解析]选C在该选段中,作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点,从其中“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?”这句话可知,人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。C项中的“have a pleasant taste”与文中的“are so delicious”意义吻合。

[干扰项分析]A项是raspberries的特征;B项是对“yellow and orange stone fruits”的特征的曲解;D项是blueberries (蓝莓)的特征。

[增分技巧]间接信息题相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。在做间接细节理解题时,要做到“两关注”“一

防范”。

“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。

“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性,错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。

...

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he e xplains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”

...

33.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A.Showing good manners.

B.Relating to other people.

C.Focusing on a topic.

D.Making business deals.

解析:选B由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知,成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人产生联系,而不只是与他人交流,文中的connect with与B项的relate to的含义是一致的,表示“与……联系”。

B(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)

I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up

for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.

...

24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?

A.Paul Newman wanted it.

B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.

C.He wasn’t famous enough.

D.The director recommended someone else.

解析:选C根据选段中“When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul ...”可知,工作室不想让“我”拍这部电影是因为想找一名与保罗一样出名的演员出演。本题命题人在C项中对文中信息进行了同义替换,用famous替换well known。

C(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B节选)

...

The film classic The Last Picture Sho w was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.

...

25.Why was The Last Picture Sho w put on?

A.It was an alltime classic.

B.It was about the history of the town.

C.The audience requested it.

D.The theater owner found it suitable.

解析:选D根据选段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知,电影The Last Picture Sho w讲述的内容和剧院的命运一样,剧院经理Ed Bradford认为放映此部电影非常契合此时的情景。原文中的“appropriate”和D项的“suitable”为同义词,都表示“合适的”,故答案为D。

D(2018·北京高考阅读A节选)

...

I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.

...

38.How was the author’s first marathon?

A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.

C.He got the first prize. D.He walked to the end.

解析:选A根据选段可知,作者坚持到了最后,而且得到了一块奖牌,虽然不是第一名,由此可归纳出“他成功地跑完了这次马拉松”。make it意为“达到预定目标,获得成功”。故选A。

高考真题链接

It’s only been two weeks since Montana Brown began working at the Aflac Cancer Center of Atlanta, but she said, “The job is more than anything I could ask for.It’s so cool to just be at the place where I was treated and to have an influence over the kids.”

Brown was just two when she was diagnosed (诊断) with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare type of cancer.She received treatment for a year and then the disease was controlled.

But at the age of fifteen, she was diagnosed again with the same cancer and had to receive treatment for another year.She was also told that she had to stop dancing, one of her hobbies.

Brown said she remembered just how compassionate (有同情心的) the nurses were during that difficult time.So she decided to give back in the same way the nurses did with her when she was in the hospital.

“Around 10th or 11th grade, I started thinking about what to major in,”Brown said.“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.The more I thought about it, the better I knew being a nurse would be the greatest field for me.” She received a degree in nursing from Augusta University last year.

Caroline Rooke, the nurse manager at the Aflac Cancer Center, said.“Brown’s experiences make her a special part of the team.She would improve the care experience that we can offer our patients.It’s her special way of giving back.”

语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。Montana Brown两岁的时候就被查出患有癌症,并在医院接受了治疗。为了回报社会,她在大学学习护理专业,毕业后成为那家医院的一名护士。

★4. What does Montana Brown think of her job?

A.Amazing. B.Interesting.

C.Boring. D.Demanding.

解析:选A细节理解题。根据第一段Brown所说的话“The job is more than anything I could ask for.It’s so cool to just be at the place where I was treated and to have an influence over the kids.”可知,她认为回到这家医院工作是一件很酷的事情,她对此很满意,故正确答案为A。A项“Amazing”与文中的“so cool”为同义表达。

★5.Why did Montana Brown choose to be a nurse?

A.She believed this field was so cool.

B.She wanted to inspire more patients.

C.She hoped she could cure her illness.

D.She intended to get some experience.

解析:选B细节理解题。根据第五段的“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.”可知,她之所以选择当一名护士,是因为她想帮助更多的人,想用自己的故事给别人希望和鼓舞。B项中的“inspire”与“inspiration”的意思是一致的。

6.What can we learn from Brown’s story?

A.No difficulty can make us lose hope.

B.It is important to choose a proper job.

C.Nothing can prevent us achieving our goals.

D.Anyone has the ability to give back to society.

解析:选D推理判断题。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段护士长的话“It’s her special way of giving back.”可知,Brown在接受治疗期间从护士那里感受到了爱心与照顾,这促使她毕业后选择成为一名护士,以此回报社会。她的故事告诉我们:每个人都有回报社会的能力。

高中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习

阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题,是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩,从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低,只要学生读懂文章,就 能得分,属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义,从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节,也可能涉及若 干个细节,或者针对文章的主要事实,或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类: 一是直接理解题,答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题,答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换,而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,两者存在表达上的差异,有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为: When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。所以,搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要,它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问 题有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征: 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题,若不仔细辨别,很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征: 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换,使该选项看似正确,实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态,如把将来时变成现在时,把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论,而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”,所述细节确实与原文一致,一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别,选项中的描述与原文完全一致,确属原文中的一个细节,这时要 回到题干,看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。

阅读理解之细节题(上)

practice HyderabadHyderabad, India To improve people’s lives, Hyderabad is planting more and more trees. The cityy is even creatingg ggreener buildingsg that use less water and less electricityy for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees make the air cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were grey and dirty in the past. HHowever, todayt d theyth are fillfilledd withith treest andd flowers,fl makingki theth cityit cleanerl andd more colourful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise. A study in the USA shows an interesting thing: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is. 2012年天津市中考C篇 4.对比处:常见标志词有compared with/to, unlike等。 【ExampleE l 4】 Unlike a computer,p , Kindle never ggets hot so yyou can read comfortably as long as you like. https://www.360docs.net/doc/a610840397.html,pared to a computer, Kindle . A. doesn’t get hot B. has no screen C. is harder to use D. is heavier to carry (2011年北京市西城区一模) 【Example 5】 68. According to the passage, why do many patients stop getting injections? A. Because of the pain and stress of the injections. B. Because they are too lazy. C. Because they like taking pills (药丸). D. Because theyy are waitingg for the new device. (2012年黄冈市中考A篇) practice 5555. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Learning a second language can help us find a good job quickly. B.. Dr.. Mechelliec e madede thee experimente pe e amongo g threeee differentd e e groups.g oups. C. Learning a second language is the same as studying other subjects. D. The earlier we learn a second language, the more money we pay. (2012年北京市大兴区二模C篇) A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College LondonLondon, took a group of Britons who only spoke EnglishEnglish. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second languageg g before the ageg of five,, as well as a number of later learners.

(完整版)英语阅读理解之细节题

高一英语专题培优 ——阅读理解解题技巧 考纲解读: 阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型,分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查 的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定:"侧重提高阅读能力"。 英语考试大纲规定,考生应能:(1) 理解主旨和要义; (2) 理解文中具体信息; (3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义; (4) 做出简单判断和推理; (5)理解文章的基本结构; (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 命题探究: 一.选材特点: 广东省高考阅读理解解题选材,一般遵循三个原则: 1.文章一般为4篇,阅读量在2500个单词左右; 2.题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容; 3.体裁多样,包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。 二.题目类型: 高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类:细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题 三.题目特点: 1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。 2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次 排列。如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中,那么第3题的关键信息点很 可能就会在第三段中,而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意题和写作 目的题一般都安排在第5小题。 阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力,一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯 提高分数技巧: 1. 抓好限时训练 同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练 时,尝试在原文中划出答案出处,这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据,而不凭空猜想。 2. 养成良好的阅读习惯 同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读,这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上,会阻碍对中心思想

阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/a610840397.html, 阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略 作者:刘芳 来源:《都市家教·下半月》2013年第03期 【摘要】毋庸置疑,阅读理解是高中英语的重头戏,它主要考查我们学生对单词、句 子、短文的理解能力,这种能力既是高中英语的主要目标,也是提高英语能力保证其它题型正确性的基础。从某种意义上来说,阅读能力的高低是英语学习的关键也是高考英语成败的关键。掌握不同的解题策略,在高考冲刺阶段,一定能给学生的阅读能力起到事半功倍的效果。 【关键词】阅读理解;细节题;策略 不同的阅读题型有不同的解题技巧,笔者研究了2010-2012年安徽省高考英语试卷发现,阅读理解细节题在这三年高考卷阅读理解部分的比重分别是45%、40%、45%.不难发现,细节理解题在阅读理解占有举足轻重的地位,那么,下面就细节理解题,我谈下我个人的体会。 一、定义 文章出现某些现象或观点,题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问,考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。 二、题型探究与解题策略 题型探究一:Wh-题或不完整的陈述式 命题形式: (1)According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites? (2)If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit . 典例1 (12 全国卷):56. If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit . A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum 分析:这句话的意思是:如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣,他可能会去哪里。题干的关键词是in the universe,我们带着关键词在文章里迅速浏览,找到相关的段落结果,我们会发现in the sky 是对in the universe的转化,所以答案选C。

高考英语阅读理解细节理解类型题

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