Unit 2 The Fun They Had
Unit 2 The Fun They Had
1.语音学习任务
听辨dial和wire后三个字母组合的读音
2.语法学习任务
冠词常规用法请参见课后练习。
需知道的冠词非常规用法五种情况：
(1) 成对使用的名词或形容词等固定搭配，不用冠词。
right and wrong, friend and foe, track and field, husband and wife, rich and poor, arm in arm, from right to left, young and old, hands and kneels, fish and chips, face to face, step by step, word for word, time after time, back and forth.
(2) 介词后表示抽象概念的名词前不用冠词。
He is at university. 他正在读大学。
Her son is still in jail. 坐牢。
He put the baby to bed. 睡觉。
(3) 泛指人类或男女
Woman has played an important role in modern society.
Man should help and love each other.
Man is lord over the creation.
Can man be free if woman is a slave?
Man is mortal.
Woman is frail.
(4) turn writer还是turn a writer?
当turn或go理解为“变成”时，其后作表语的名词前不用冠词。
He turn writer in the thirties.
The man turned traitor after he was arrested.
She has gone democrat.
但若作表语的名词前面有形容词修饰时，须用不定冠词。
He turned a good fellow.
The leaves have turned a dark red.
(5) 用在独一无二的或被认为是唯一的东西的名词前
the sky 天空，the equator赤道，the universe宇宙，the world世界
但是，这类名词前若因阴晴等天气而表现出不同的状态，前面有形容词修饰时，也可用不定冠词。
a blue sky 蔚蓝的天空, a starry sky 星光灿烂的夜空, a cloudless sky 晴朗的天空, a new moon 一轮新月, a full moon 满月, crescent moon眉月
3.单词语块学习任务
(1)Diary
＊a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day
= journal
Inge kept a diary (=wrote in a diary) during the war years.
diary entry
(=what you have written for a particular day)
especially BrE a book with separate spaces for each day of the year, in which you write down the meetings, events etc that are planned for each day
American Equivalent: calendar
Did you put the meeting date in your diary ?
(2)Head
1 top part of body
2 your mind and thoughts
3 leader of group
4 top/front part of something
1 [count] the top part of your body that has your brain, eyes, mouth, etc. in it:
a bruise on the side of her head
shake your head (=move it from side to side): She shook her head sadly.
nod your head (=move it up and down): Ron nodded his head but said nothing.
hang/bow your head (=hold it downward): Mike hung his head in shame.
2 [count] your mind and thoughts:
A thought suddenly came into my head.
I don't want to put any ideas into your head.
in/inside your head: He added the numbers quickly in his head.
She did not speak the words, but she repeated them inside her head.
3 [count] the leader or most important person in a group:
The ceremony was attended by the heads of government from eleven countries.
3a. [only before noun] used for describing the most important person in a particular organization, group, etc.:
the head waiter
3b. BRITISH the PRINCIPAL of a school
4 [count] the top or front part of something:
head of: We walked straight to the head of the line.
4a. the end of a bed where you put your head
4b. the end of a table where the most important person sits
4c. the top part of a long thin object such as a nail, that is a different shape from or wider than the rest of it
1 [intransitive] to go in a particular direction:
head for/toward/through etc.: We decided to head for home.
She was headed toward the library.
head north/south/east/west: They headed north, across the desert.
be headed: Where are you headed?
2 head or head up [transitive] to be in control of a group or an organization: Detective Tim Reynolds will head the investigation.
You will work with the management team headed up by Mary Broughton.
3 [transitive] to be at the top of a list:
Which city heads the list of the most popular tourist destinations?
3a. to be at the front of a line of people:
The mayor will head the procession through the downtown area.
4 [transitive usually passive] to put a title at the top of a piece of writing:
The information sheet was headed Medical Insurance.
(3)Real, actual, true
(4)Crinkly-crinkle-crinkled-wrinkle
crin·kle1/?kr??k?l/v also crinkle up [I and T]
[Date: 1300-1400; Origin: Perhaps from Old English cringan; CRINGE]
if you crinkle part of your face, or if it crinkles, you move it so that small lines appear on it
His mouth crinkled into a smile.
He smiled boyishly, crinkling his eyes.
Her face crinkled up in disgust.
to become covered with small folds, or make something do this
The heat was beginning to make the cellophane crinkle.
>crinkled adj
The pages were brown and crinkled.
crinkle2
crinkle2n[C]
a thin fold, especially in your skin or on cloth, paper etc
The first crinkles of age were beginning to appear round her eyes.
Wrinkled:
wrinkled / ?r??kld; ˋr??kld/ adj having or showing wrinkles 有皱纹的; 显出皱纹的: his old wrinkled face 他因年老布满皱纹的脸* wrinkled socks有皱褶的短袜.
(5)Awfully
used for emphasizing how unpleasant someone or something is: TERRIBLE:
The smell was absolutely awful.
This wine tastes awful.
He had the awful feeling that everyone was laughing at him.
There were these awful people sitting behind us who talked all through the movie.
a. very bad at doing something:
I'm awful at remembering names.
He's an awful actor.
feel awful
1 to feel guilty or sad:
I feel awful about not inviting her.
2 to feel sick or unhappy:
She said she had a sore throat and was feeling awful.
look awful
1 to look sick, sad, or worried:
What's wrong? You look awful.
2 to look ugly or not attractive:
I don't like these curtains. They look awful.
awfully
adverb
very; extremely: I'm awfully sorry about that problem the other day. ◆ That name sounds awfully familiar. ◆ I'm not awfully keen on fish.
(6)Still adj.
1 not moving:
The water appeared still from a distance.
sit/stand still: Just sit still for a minute and let me tie your shoe.
2 without wind:
a still muggy evening
3 quiet and calm, with nothing happening:
By 10:00 the streets are quite still.
4 MAINLY BRITISH without gas BUBBLES:
still mineral water
still waters run deep
used for saying that people who are shy or do not say much often have very strong feelings or interesting ideas
>stillness n[U]
Somewhere in the stillness of the night an owl hooted.
(7)Be (not) supposed to; be expected to
be supposed to do sth
(used to show that you should do something because it is the right thing to do according to a rule, an accepted way of behaving, or what someone has told you to do) [v phrase] You're supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the room | I didn't know what I was supposed to do so I just waited for Mrs Garcia to come back | Stop it' You 're not supposed to swing babies around like that | be supposed to Only use the telephone when you're supposed to
be expected to do sth
(used to show that people think you should do a particular thing because of your position, age etc) [v phrase]
An officer is expected to set a good example to his men | In many societies women are expected to stay at home | be expected to "Can I help myself to something to eat?" "Of course, you're expected to, you're our guest"
(8)be good for
The recent tax cuts will be good for business. (giving benefits to something:)
Exercise is good for you.
The tickets are good for three weeks. (able to be legally used or officially accepted:)
Your passport is good for another three years.
Dad should be good for a few bucks. (informal likely to give you something or provide something)
对比：be good at, be good with, be good to (-be nice to)
He's very good at music./ She's good with figures./She was very good to me when my husband died.
good with (下面的with可以换成at吗？)
As a politician, you need to be good with words (=skilful at using words) .
He's very good with people (=skilful at dealing with people) .
He's very good with children他很会照看孩子.
(9)Plenty用法，对比a lot
常规：相似
She always has plenty to say.
Don't hurry we have plenty of time.
plenty of: There's plenty of room for luggage behind the seats.
plenty more: There's plenty more ice cream in the freezer.
非常规：不同
in plenty MAINLY LITERARY
used for saying that things exist or happen in large amounts or numbers:
There was food in plenty for all of the men.
――plentiful—scarce
plentiful
plen·ti·ful adjective
present or available in large quantities:
a plentiful supply of strawberries
Hotel rooms were plentiful and cheap.
in plentiful supply (=easy to obtain or buy): Gasoline seems to be in plentiful supply. ? plentifully adverb
The visitors were plentifully supplied with food and drink. 给来宾准备了丰富的食物和饮料.
scarce1
scarce1 / skers / adjective *
if something is scarce, there is not very much of it:
Fresh water and medicine were scarce in the flooded region.
scarce natural resources
─ opposite ABUNDANT
make yourself scarce
to stay away from a particular place in order to avoid a difficult or embarrassing situation
? scarc·ness noun [uncount]
(10)Scornful
scorn1
scorn1n[U]
[Date: 1100-1200; Language: Old French;Origin: escarn]
the feeling that someone or something is stupid or does not deserve respect
= contempt scorn for
He felt scorn for his working-class parents.
with scorn
Rachel looked at me with scorn.
pour scorn on sb/sth also heap scorn on sb/sth AmE
to strongly criticize someone or something because you think they do not deserve respect
Labour poured scorn on the Tory claim to be the party of law and order.
scorn2
scorn2v[T]
to show that you think that something is stupid, unreasonable, or not worth accepting Many women scorn the use of make-up.
to criticize someone or something because you think they do not deserve respect
He scorned the government's record in dealing with crime.
scornful
adjective
~ (of sth) showing or feeling scorn: a scornful laugh ◆ He was scornful of such 'female' activities as cooking.
scornfully adverb: She laughed scornfully.
(11)Send for
send for
1 [PHRASAL VERB] V P n
If you send for someone, you send them a message asking them to come and see you.
I've sent for the doctor.
send for sb. to repair the TV
2 [PHRASAL VERB] V P n
If you send for something, you write and ask for it to be sent to you.
Send for your free catalogue today.
In the end we had to send for an ambulance.
(12)Take apart-dissemble-dismantle-assemble-put together-dissemble
Assemble
[I, Tn] (cause people or things to) come together; collect 集合; 聚集; 收集: The whole
school (was) assembled in the main hall. 全校在大礼堂集合. * assemble evidence, material, equipment, a collection of objects收集证据﹑材料﹑设备﹑物品.
[Tn] fit together (the parts of sth) 装配; 安装: assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的
零件* The bookcase can easily be assembled with a screwdriver. 这书柜用一把螺丝刀就可以很容易地安装起来
Dissemble (semble=similar)
hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); dissimulate 掩盖（真实的思想感情）; 假装: dissemble one's intentions, meaning, motives, etc掩盖自己的意图﹑意思﹑动机等.
(13)altogether
1 used for emphasizing that something has stopped or ended completely:
Many commuters have stopped using their cars altogether.
These rare animals may soon disappear altogether.
1a. used for emphasizing that something is completely ignored or forgotten:
I never mentioned our quarrel and Henry seemed to have forgotten it altogether.
The problem is too serious to be ignored altogether.
1b. used for emphasizing that what you are saying is true in every way:
She looked altogether charming in her white dress.
This is a new idea altogether.
1c. not altogether not completely:
I was not altogether surprised to hear that Bennet had resigned.
2 used for showing that a total number or amount includes everyone or everything: Altogether, about 50 NATO aircraft took part in the attack.
How many guests will there be altogether?
(14)Superior
1 better than someone or something else in quality or skill:
Toward the end of the game Agassi's superior strength began to show.
Though technically superior, their system was never commercially successful.
superior to: The sound quality is superior to that on a regular CD.
vastly/greater/infinitely superior: The new version is vastly superior to the old one. superior knowledge/skill/intelligence: We respected Bill's superior knowledge of the area.
3 someone who is superior behaves in a proud way, as if they think they are better or more important than other people:
I can't stand that superior smile of his.
4 having a higher status or position than someone or something else:
You are accountable to your superior officer.
judges of the superior courts
inferior
1 not as good as something else:
It produces photographs of inferior quality.
inferior to: This design is inferior to the one the German company proposed.
1a. if something is inferior, its quality is not very good:
inferior products
1b. someone who feels inferior believes they are not as good or important as other people 2 lower in status or rank than someone or something else:
an inferior court
an inferior student
inferior to: A corporal is inferior to a sergeant.
(15)loft-lofty-loftily
Loft
(a) room or space directly under the roof of a house, used for storing things 阁楼, 顶楼
（用以存放东西）: [attrib 作定语] a loft conversion, ie one that has been made into a room or rooms for living in （改装的）阁楼居室. (b) space under the roof of a stable or barn, used for storing hay, etc 厩楼（用以贮放乾草等）.
(US) one of the upper floors of a warehouse, etc （仓库等的）上层楼面, 楼上.
gallery or upper level in a church or hall （教堂或大厅内的）楼厢: the `organ-loft教堂
内的风琴台.
Lofty
1 a lofty building or structure is very tall:
The town hall's lofty tower dates from the fourteenth century.
2 lofty goals or principles deserve to be admired because they are based on high moral standards: NOBLE: （指思想﹑目标等）高尚的, 崇高的
Few people can meet his lofty standards.
lofty ideals/ambitions
2a. someone who has a lofty manner or attitude behaves in a way that shows they think they are better than other people高傲的; 骄傲的; 傲慢的
...the lofty disdain he often expresses for his profession.
...lofty contempt.
(16)Dispute
a serious argument or disagreement
dispute with
The firm is involved in a legal dispute with a rival company.
dispute over
He got into a dispute over a taxi fare.
Every effort was made to settle the dispute , but without success.
dispute between
the bitter border dispute between the countries
A long-running pay dispute is disrupting rail services.
The coal industry was plagued by industrial disputes .
The police don't usually like to intervene in domestic disputes .
The miners were in dispute with their employers over pay.
A dispute arose over who was to be the next king.
be beyond dispute
if something is beyond dispute, everyone agrees that it is true or that it really happened It is beyond dispute that advances in medicine have enabled people to live longer. be open to dispute
if something is open to dispute, it is not completely certain and not everyone agrees about it
His interpretation of the poem is open to dispute.
be in dispute
if something is in dispute, people are arguing about it
The facts of the case are still in dispute.
be involved in a dispute
get into a dispute (=become involved)
settle/resolve a dispute
bitter dispute
long-running dispute (=one that lasts a long time)
political/legal dispute
pay dispute
industrial dispute British English
labor dispute American English (=between workers and employers)
territorial dispute (=about land)
domestic dispute (=between a couple who live together)
be in dispute with somebody (=be involved in a dispute)
a dispute arises (=it starts)
dispute2
dis·pute2v
[Date: 1500-1600; Language: Old French;Origin: desputer, from Latin disputare 'to discuss', from putare 'to think']
[T]
to say that something such as a fact or idea is not correct or true
The main facts of the book have never been disputed.
dispute that
Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind.
[I and T]formal
to argue or disagree with someone
dispute (sth) with sb
Hazlitt, though much younger, was soon disputing with Wordsworth on equal terms.
What happened next is hotly disputed .
[T]
to try to get control of something or win something
Soviet forces disputed every inch of ground.
(17)adjust
[Date: 1600-1700; Language: French;Origin: ajuster, from juste 'exact, just']
[I and T]
to gradually become familiar with a new situation
= adapt
They'll soon settle in - kids are very good at adjusting.
adjust to
It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.
adjust to doing sth
My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.
adjust yourself to sth
It took time to adjust myself to motherhood.
[T]
to change or move something slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose
Check and adjust the brakes regularly.
Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning.
If your employment status changes, your tax code will be adjusted accordingly. [T]
if you adjust something you are wearing, you move it slightly so that it is neater, more comfortable etc
He paused to adjust his spectacles.
A well-adjusted person has a mature personality and can control their emotions and deal with problems without becoming anxious.
...a happy, loving and well adjusted family.
maladjusted
(of a person) unable for psychological reasons to behave acceptably or deal satisfactorily with other people （指人）心理失调的: a school for maladjusted children为心理失调儿童开设的学校.
adjustment
a change in something that makes it better, more accurate, or more effective:
The upward adjustment in salaries reflects the current rate of inflation.
make adjustments: We'll see how this schedule works, then we'll make adjustments as necessary.
2 a change that someone makes in their behavior or attitude:
adjustment to: I'm not sure how he'll make the emotional adjustment to retirement.
(18)Half-finished
They've already run out of money and the building isn't even half-finished
Unfinished
1 not finished, or not dealt with completely:
He left his meal unfinished.
an unfinished painting
We have some unfinished business to settle.
(19)Nonchalant-nonchalantly-nonchalance
nonchalant
adj not feeling or showing interest or enthusiasm; calm and casual 不感兴趣的; 不热心的; 不激动的; 漠不关心的: She defeated all her rivals for the job with nonchalant ease. 她从容不迫地击败求职的所有竞争者. > nonchalance n [U]: Beneath his apparent nonchalance he is as nervous and excited as the rest of us. 他外表上冷静, 实际上跟我们一样紧张不安.
(20)w histle
口哨blow a whistle: The referee blew the whistle for half-time.
汽笛; 警笛a whistle blows: The whistle blew as the train prepared to leave.
1 [intransitive or transitive] to make a tune or musical notes by forcing air through your mouth:
Sue whistled softly to herself.
I wish you'd stop whistling that tune!
1a. [intransitive or transitive] to make a high sound by forcing air through your mouth in order to get someone's attention, or to show that you like or dislike something:
The spectators jeered and whistled.
whistle to: She whistled softly to her friends.
1b. [intransitive] if a machine, train, or boat whistles, a piece of equipment on it makes a loud high sound
1c. [intransitive] whistle around/through etc. if the wind whistles around or through a place, it makes a high sound because it is blowing strongly
1d. [intransitive] to blow a whistle as a warning or to get someone's attention:
The referee whistled for a time-out.
2 [intransitive] to move or travel very quickly:
Her shot went whistling past the net.
(21)Tuck
[Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) ~ sth into sth; ~ sth in/up push or fold or turn the ends or edges (of
cloth, paper, etc) so that they are hidden or held in place 将（布﹑纸等）的端部或边缘掖好﹑叠拢或卷起（使之看不见或固定住）: tuck your trousers into your boots 把你的裤脚塞进靴子里* tuck your shirt in, ie into your trousers, shorts, etc 把你的衬衣下摆塞进裤子里去* He tucked up his shirt-sleeves. 他捋起了衬衫袖子. * The sheets were tucked in neatly, ie under the mattress. 床单的边缘整整齐齐地掖在褥垫下面. * tuck the flap of an envelope in把信封的口盖摺进信封里. (b) draw (sth) together into a small space 将（某物）缩拢起来塞入狭小空间: The nurse tucked her hair (up) under her cap. 那护士把头发聚拢起来塞进帽子里. * He sat with his legs tucked (up) under him. 他盘着腿坐着.
[Tn.pr] put (sth) away compactly or tidily 将（某物）收拢或收好: The hen tucked her
head under her wing. 那母鸡把头缩在翅膀下. * tucked the map under his arm, into the glove compartment 把地图夹在腋下﹑收藏在汽车仪表板下的贮物箱里.
(22)Mechanical
adj
of, connectedwith, produced by or operated by a machine or machines 机械的; 用机械
的; 机械制造的: I have little mechanical knowledge, ie I know little about machines. 我对机械一窍不通. * mechanical power, transport, engineering 机械力﹑运输﹑工程学* a mechanical device, toy, etc机械装置﹑玩具等. Cf 参看manual.
(a) (of people) acting (as if) without thinking, in a machine-like way （指人）机械似的,
呆板的, 无思想的: She was quite mechanical and unthinking in the way she ironed the shirts. 她熨衬衣时样子呆板, 不动脑筋. (b) (of actions) done (as if) without thought; automatic（指行为）无意识的, 机械的, 自动的: a mechanical movement, gesture, response, etc机械的动作﹑姿势﹑回答等.
> mechanically / -kl?; -kl?/ adv in a mechanical way 机械地; 呆板地; 无意识地: mechanically-operated equipment 机械操作的设备* He performed the movements very mechanically. 他的动作非常呆板.
(23)Neighborhood
BrE neighborhood AmE n[C]
an area of a town or city
She grew up in a quiet neighborhood of Boston.
The hotel is situated in a peaceful residential neighbourhood (=area where there are houses rather than factories or shops) .
a neighbourhood school
the neighbourhood
the area around you or around a particular place, or the people who live there Be quiet! You'll wake up the whole (entire) neighbourhood !
in the neighbourhood
Is there a good Chinese restaurant in the neighborhood?
(sth) in the neighbourhood of ￡500/30% etc
a little more or a little less than a particular number or amount
= approximately
The painting is worth something in the neighborhood of $3000.
4.句型学习任务
Para 2.
M argie’s grandfather once said that when he was a little boy his grandfather told him that there was a time when all stories were printed on paper.
e.g.: Time was when (= there was a time when) we never needed to lock our house at night.
Para 7.
“In my house,” he pointed without looking because he was busy reading.
Para 12.
He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires.
理清每个with短语的含义及其修饰关系。
Para 14.
Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes.
Para 30
He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm.
Para 33
(1) Margie did so with a sigh.
(2) All the kids from the whole neighbourhood came, laughing and shouting in the schoolyard, sitting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day.
Para 35
Margie was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days.
5.词形变换学习任务
(1) point, pointed, pointless, pointy (informal=pointed)
(2) produce (注意这个词的两种词性和读音), producer, product, production, productive, productivity, reproduce, reproductive, reproduction
(3) rely, be reliant on , reliance, reliable, reliably, reliability, , unreliable
(4) generous, generously, generosity
(5) apology, apologetic, apologize
(6) obey, obedient, obedience, disobey, disobedient, disobedience
(7) 见Lesson One相关部分
(8) courage, courageous, encourage, encouraging, encouragement, discourage, discouraged, discouraging, discouragement
There is an increasing reliance of the industrial countries on oil.
I apologized to him for having kept you waiting so long.
6.课后练习知识点
Vocabulary Ⅲ
(1)
tag
1 [count] a small piece of paper or other material that is fixed to something to give information about it, or fixed to someone to show who they are:
I can't find the price tag for this coat.
We were all given name tags to wear at the conference.
1 to attach a small piece of paper or other material to something to give information about it:
Every item is tagged with a number that identifies it.
label
1 a piece of paper or material fastened to an object that gives information about it:
Read the washing instructions on the label.
You can get sticky labels printed with your address.
1 to put a label on an object:
These three bottles must be clearly labeled Poison.
label something with something: She labels all her video cassettes with the name and
date.
entitle
1 [often passive] to give someone the right to do something:
entitle someone to something: Membership entitles you to reduced season tickets. entitle someone to do something: The people who are entitled to vote should be aware of that fact.
2 [usually passive] to give a title to a book, poem, or piece of music:
Her first novel was entitled More Innocent Times.
(2)b e brought up to do… / settle down to sth.
When someone brings up a child, they look after it until it is an adult. If someone has been brought up in a certain place or with certain attitudes, they grew up in that place or were taught those attitudes when they were growing up.
She brought up four children...
His grandmother and his father brought him up...
We'd been brought up to think that borrowing money was bad...
I was brought up a Methodist.
When someone settles down, they start living a quiet life in one place, especially when they get married or buy a house.
One day I'll want to settle down and have a family...
Before she settled down in Portugal, she had run her own antiques shop in London.
If you settle down to do something or to something, you prepare to do it and concentrate on it.
He got his coffee, came back and settled down to listen...
They settled down to some serious work.
(3)sentimental
1 relating to emotions instead of reason:
I kept the clock purely for sentimental reasons.
The stolen items were of great sentimental value to the family.
2 making people experience feelings of sadness, sympathy, love, etc., especially in a deliberate and obvious way:
a sentimental song/book/movie
2a. expressing feelings of sadness, sympathy, love etc., especially in a way that seems inappropriate:
I'm just a sentimental old man.
sentimentality n [U] (derog 贬) quality of being too sentimental(2a) 情感过於柔懦的特性: the sickly sentimentality of a romantic novel一部浪漫小说中无病呻吟的柔懦情调.
(8)
7. Dictation
Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch, the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programmes that make demands on them and are surprised that anybody should the medium seriously. Far from being excited by programmes, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. It also confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the television company’ attempts to isolate the adult viewing in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their programmes after 9 P.M.. All eleven-year-olds had watched programmes after Midnight.