外文翻译
应用力学和材料波动率。303-306（2013）1470-1474
在线可用自2013/月/13日https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,
（2013）跨技术出版物，瑞士
DOI：10.4028/ https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/ AMM.303-306.1470
基于ARM的无线嵌入式传感器网络的温室
控制器设计
李树江，薛楠，王向东
（沈阳工业大学信息学院，中国辽宁沈阳110870）lisj2005@https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,,xuenan2008@https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,, wxdong2007@https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,
关键词：无线传感器网络；嵌入式操作系统；温室
摘要：文中主要介绍在温室中的嵌入式控制器的设计和分析，这是包括嵌入式终端和无线传感器节点的。捕获的数据通过传感器节点会被发送到基站，在这之后，某些信息将由基站通过RS232协议站发送到控制器。控制器与ARM9微处理器和嵌入式Linux操作系统用于实现接收，显示，存储一些温度信息，在根据相关的设置中控制其温度。通过现场实践该系统被确认稳定可靠，它符合设计规范。
介绍：设施农业是一个迅速发展的农业生产技术，以高度集约化农业环境工程实现突破，在近年来的突破中，温室是最重要的一种设施农业，它提供了最利于作物生长的因素，如温度，湿度，光照，水分和肥料，通过利用具体结构和高性能的规范设备和控制环境因素的局部范围，以实现高品质的宗旨，高产高效。
目前，设施农业的发展是与一个高速发展的国家有紧密关系的。荷兰温室实现的智能控制通过采用高效生产管理模式。以色列实现了内部的自动监测和调节温室相结合，通过植物生理与环境的检测环境与专家系统。日本通过实现用遥控器和温室的诊断遥感技术的图像检测技术，网络通信
技术和视频技术。美国已实现自动化控制的目的，提高了产量并通过利用智能灌溉控制系统的农作物温室质量GPS和热电管理技术等。该技术无线传感器网络在自动采集农业和智能控制被施加的发展网络技术。该监控系统在我国主要使用电脑为中心控制器，但电脑占用空间较大，携带和安装不便，他们是昂贵的。数据采集部分是由手动和有线方式运动，并且它不能满足远程控制的要求。
温室的嵌入式控制器在本文中已经实现实时的收集准确的数据传输和处理的目的，节省空间和降低能耗通过使用无线传感器ARM和Linux等。需求分析和温室系统组件：在这篇文章中所设计的控制器是由无线采集模块和控制器处理模块采用的是安全方便的实时和经济的原则。该部分在监视区域无线传感器节点收集数据和将数据发送到宿节点，则宿节点通过串行端口发送数据到控制器。
控制器处理模块由显示器接口，数据库和操作来控制。控制器能够控制开始，停止，显示。该系统的查询是根据Linux上的Qt和SQLite。控制器的功能框图如图1所示。获取功能的目的是收集和转换环境因素如空气温度，空气湿度，CO2浓度和光强，然后将数据通过串行口发送给ARM系统。该数据存储功能被设计为存储预先确定的数据库中的数据。液晶显示功能的目的是实时显示，根据LCD上不同条件的实时曲线和查询结果。实时视频监控功能被设计为显示在温室中的液晶显示屏上的实时情况。报警功能旨在给农民一些日期警告信号的上方警告值。控制功能被设计为通过运行来改变温室条件设备，如水泵，以便它满足植物生长的需要。
图1 控制器的功能图
硬件和软件设计：控制器的硬件系统由无线传感器网络部分和嵌入控制器部分。无线传感器网络部分施加的无线传感器基础上CC2430。CC2430芯片采用0.18微米CMOS工艺。在接收的模式和发射，电流消耗下27毫安或25毫安。CC2430的超短时间从睡眠模式到活动模式的一个特征，这是适合的应用大棚需要非常长的电池寿命。无线传感器网络部分分成汇聚节点和传感器节点。宿节点的功能正在工作的数据收集，数据处理和传感器节点的外网的通信。传感器节点负责用于收集周围的环境，包括温度，湿度。另外，数据是转移到嵌入式控制器通过宿节点，然后进行分析，并通过处理传感器节点的多跳功能。
TQ2440被取为嵌入式控制器部分，其是开发平台由核心板和主板。核心板包括S3C2440ARM处理器。该主板提供串行端口网络端口USB端口GPIO端口LCD端口触摸屏和A V端口等串行端口USB端口和GPIO端口用于这篇文章。串行端口用于传送数据和USB端口用于连接相机和写作计划。GPIO端口包括S3C2410_GDB5S3C2410_GDB6 S3C2410_GDB7
S3C2410_GDB8用于控制肥料水泵滚动和风扇。
控制器的软件系统基于Fedora10，QT和SQLite。Fedora10是版本Linux的是适合，因为开源，便携，高安全性，并支持温室中国显示器。QT 是由于高度方便编程这是基于C ++的模块化的，可重用性，API函数和signal / slot机制。SQLite是适合嵌入式应用程序，它采用了低资源，并与上述的高速。鉴于运行原因，我们应该完成通过编译和安装linux-GCC-4.4.3来构建软件，QT-86-开源-SRC-4.5.0，QtCreator和SQLite。
数据库Design：The wsn.db是建立在我们的数据库中，其中包括不同种类的纸张即根据不同的关系建立。在图2中所示的温度片包括传感器，ID，温度，日期，时间和传感器，ID是关键。湿度片包括传感器，身份证，湿度，日期，时间和传感器，ID是关键。传感器片包括传感器位置和传感器ID值是关键。此外，也有流片和价格表。
图2 临时表
软件设计：这是建立在应用软件的两个线程，一个是用于接收和保存数据，而另一个被用于控制。
该应用程序开始从main函数生成类mymainwindow的对象。类mymainwindow包括某些类型的应用功能，如无效bkaishi（），无效timerUpDate1（），无效THcount（CHAR BUF[]）和某些类型的小部件，如QpushButton，QTableWidget等等还有其他类，如configure1，configure2，
configure3这是用于配置，真正的选择，rtdisplay，videowidget，dataderive 它们用于实时采集，询价，实时绘制，视频和导出日期。
此外，一些GPIO驱动程序被修改，以控制外围设备。图3是嵌入式控制器的流程图。
图3 系统流程图
系统实验：嵌入式控制器在实验室和一些蔬菜温室测试。四传感器节点和一个宿节点将在测试装置，和所收集的数据与的值进行比较TSI8347A手持温度和湿度传感器。
实时数据将在嵌入式控制器开始就像图4显示。
图4 系统主界面
它显示的控制器与比较手持TSI8347A温在图Ⅴ的左侧湿度传感器而实时图表显示在图5的右侧。显然，嵌入式控制器是准确的。
图5 对比测试
它显示的查询结果按照不同的查询时间给予历史，如图6所示。
图6 系统查询界面
总之，嵌入式控制器已成功收集storeed displaied Inquiried的温室的因子，并根据测试控制外围设备。
结论
一种基于嵌入式技术和无线传感器网络技术并实现了温室控制的设计。它改进了传统的监控网络结构温室，不再需要导线和改善数据采集的
灵活性。它有两个ARM9处理器，提高了设备的功能，减少了系统的成本提高农业的便利。此外，整体的控制器和设计选择硬件和软件能满足精确温室的实际生产数据和操作简单快捷。
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传感器，测量和智能材料
10.4028/ https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/ AMM.303-306
基于ARM的无线嵌入式温室控制传感器网络设计10.4028/ https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/ AMM.303-306.1470
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E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. （Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ） 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
工业设计外文翻译
Interaction design Moggridge Bill Interaction design，Page 1-15 USA Art Press, 2008 Interaction design (IxD) is the study of devices with which a user can interact, in particular computer users. The practice typically centers on "embedding information technology into the ambient social complexities of the physical world."[1] It can also apply to other types of non-electronic products and services, and even organizations. Interaction design defines the behavior (the "interaction") of an artifact or system in response to its users. Malcolm McCullough has written, "As a consequence of pervasive computing, interaction design is poised to become one of the main liberal arts of the twenty-first century." Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include mental models, mapping, interface metaphors, and affordances. Many of these are laid out in Donald Norman's influential book The Psychology of Everyday Things. As technologies are often overly complex for their intended target audience, interaction design aims to minimize the learning curve and to increase accuracy and efficiency of a task without diminishing usefulness. The objective is to reduce frustration and increase user productivity and satisfaction. Interaction design attempts to improve the usability and experience of the product, by first researching and understanding certain users' needs and then designing to meet and exceed them. (Figuring out who needs to use it, and how those people would like to use it.) Only by involving users who will use a product or system on a regular basis will designers be able to properly tailor and maximize usability. Involving real users, designers gain the ability to better understand user goals and experiences. (see also: User-centered design) There are also positive side effects which include enhanced system capability awareness and user ownership. It is important that the user be aware of system capabilities from an early stage so that expectations regarding functionality are both realistic and properly understood. Also, users who have been active participants in a product's development are more likely to feel a sense of ownership, thus increasing overall satisfa. Instructional design is a goal-oriented, user-centric approach to creating training and education software or written materials. Interaction design and instructional design both rely on cognitive psychology theories to focus on how users will interact with software. They both take an in-depth approach to analyzing the user's needs and goals. A needs analysis is often performed in both disciplines. Both, approach the design from the user's perspective. Both, involve gathering feedback from users, and making revisions until the product or service has been found to be effective. (Summative / formative evaluations) In many ways, instructional
外文翻译
Journal of Industrial Textiles https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/ Optimization of Parameters for the Production of Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextiles Amit Rawal, Subhash Anand and Tahir Shah 2008 37: 341Journal of Industrial Textiles DOI: 10.1177/1528083707081594 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/content/37/4/341 Published by: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html, can be found at:Journal of Industrial TextilesAdditional services and information for https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/cgi/alertsEmail Alerts: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/subscriptionsSubscriptions: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/journalsReprints.navReprints: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/journalsPermissions.navPermissions: https://www.360docs.net/doc/a212037778.html,/content/37/4/341.refs.htmlCitations: - Mar 28, 2008Version of Record >>
国际贸易英文文献
Strategic transformations in Danish and Swedish big business in an era of globalisation, 1973-2008 The Danish and Swedish context In the difficult inter-war period, a state-supported, protected home market orientation had helped stabilise both Denmark’s and Sweden’s economies, but after WorldWar II priorities changed. Gradually and in accordance with the international economic development, restrictions on foreign trade were removed, and Danish and Swedish industry was exposed to international competition. As a consequence, several home market oriented industries –such as the textile and the shoe industry –were more or less outperformed, while in Sweden the engineering industry soon became the dominant leader of Swedish industry, with companies such as V olvo, Ericsson, Electrolux, ASEA and SKF. In the Danish case, the SMEs continued to be dominant but in combination with expanding export oriented industrial manufacturers such as Lego, Danfoss, Carlsberg and the shipping conglomerates ok and A.P. moller-Marsk. In Sweden and Denmark stable economic growth continued into the 1970s, but due to the problems during the oil crises, the economies came into fundamental structural troubles for the first time since World War II. In the beginning this was counteracted by traditional Keynesian policy measures. However, because of large budget deficits, inflation and increasing wages, both the Danish economy from 1974 and the Swedish economy from 1976 encountered severe problems. Towards the late 1970s Denmark’s and Sweden’s economic policies were thus increasingly questioned. It was clear that Keynesian policy could not solve all economic problems. Expansive fiscal policies in terms of continued deficits on the state budget could not compensate for the loss of both national and international markets and step by step the Keynesian economic policy was abandoned. The increased budget deficit also made it difficult for the state to support employment and regional development. These kinds of heavy governmental activities were also hardly acceptable under the more market oriented policy that developed first in Great Britain and the USA, but in the 1980s also in Denmark and Sweden (Iversen & Andersen, 2008, pp. 313–315; Sjo¨ gren, 2008, pp. 46–54). These changes in political priorities were especially noticeable in the financial market. After being the most state regulated and coordinated sector of the economy since the 1950s, then between 1980 and 1985 the Danish and Swedish financial markets underwent an extensive deregulation resulting in increased competition. Lending from banks and other credit institutes was no longer regulated, and neither were interest rates. The bond market was also opened as the issuance of new bond loans was deregulated in Sweden in 1983. When the control of foreign capital flows was liberalised in the late 1980s the last extraordinary restriction was now gone. Together with the establishment of the new money market with options and derivates, this opened up to a much larger credit market and the possibility for companies to finance investments and increase business domestically as well as abroad (Larsson, 1998, pp. 205–207). Another important part of the regulatory changes in the early 1980s were new rules for the Copenhagen and Stockholm stock exchanges. Introduction on the stock exchange was made much
工业设计产品设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译原文：
DESIGN and ENVIRONMENT Product design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human. In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products. Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea of product design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product. Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores. Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface. Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.
外文翻译中文版(完整版)
毕业论文外文文献翻译 毕业设计（论文）题目关于企业内部环境绩效审计的研究翻译题目最高审计机关的环境审计活动 学院会计学院 专业会计学 姓名张军芳 班级09020615 学号09027927 指导教师何瑞雄
最高审计机关的环境审计活动 1最高审计机关越来越多的活跃在环境审计领域。特别是1993-1996年期间，工作组已检测到环境审计活动坚定的数量增长。首先，越来越多的最高审计机关已经活跃在这个领域。其次是积极的最高审计机关，甚至变得更加活跃：他们分配较大部分的审计资源给这类工作，同时出版更多环保审计报告。表1显示了平均数字。然而，这里是机构间差异较大。例如，环境报告的数量变化，每个审计机关从1到36份报告不等。 1996-1999年期间，结果是不那么容易诠释。第一，活跃在环境审计领域的最高审计机关数量并没有太大变化。“活性基团”的组成没有保持相同的：一些最高审计机关进入，而其他最高审计机关离开了团队。环境审计花费的时间量略有增加。二，但是，审计报告数量略有下降，1996年和1999年之间。这些数字可能反映了从量到质的转变。这个信号解释了在过去三年从规律性审计到绩效审计的转变（1994-1996年，20％的规律性审计和44％绩效审计;1997-1999：16％规律性审计和绩效审计54％）。在一般情况下，绩效审计需要更多的资源。我们必须认识到审计的范围可能急剧变化。在将来，再将来开发一些其他方式去测算人们工作量而不是计算通过花费的时间和发表的报告会是很有趣的。 在2000年，有62个响应了最高审计机关并向工作组提供了更详细的关于他们自1997年以来公布的工作信息。在1997-1999年，这62个最高审计机关公布的560个环境审计报告。当然，这些报告反映了一个庞大的身躯，可用于其他机构的经验。环境审计报告的参考书目可在网站上的最高审计机关国际组织的工作组看到。这里这个信息是用来给最高审计机关的审计工作的内容更多一些洞察。 自1997年以来，少数环境审计是规律性审计（560篇报告中有87篇，占16％）。大多数审计绩效审计（560篇报告中有304篇，占54％），或组合的规律性和绩效审计（560篇报告中有169篇，占30％）。如前文所述，绩效审计是一个广泛的概念。在实践中，绩效审计往往集中于环保计划的实施（560篇报告中有264篇，占47％），符合国家环保法律，法规的，由政府部门，部委和/或其他机构的任务给访问（560篇报告中有212篇，占38％）。此外，审计经常被列入政府的环境管理系统（560篇报告中有156篇，占28％）。下面的元素得到了关注审计报告：影响或影响现有的国家环境计划非环保项目对环境的影响;环境政策;由政府遵守国际义务和承诺的10％至20％。许多绩效审计包括以上提到的要素之一。 1本文译自：S. Van Leeuwen.(2004).’’Developments in Environmental Auditing by Supreme Audit Institutions’’ Environmental Management Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 163–1721