英语句子
2016考研英语第二星期
The service, planned for release in mid-2015, will offer a simple installation process in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.
词汇突破：
1. installation 安装
2. certificates 证书
3. interception 拦截，截取
4. web browser 网络浏览器
主干识别：The service will offer a simple installation process.
其他成分：planned for release in mid-2015 定语
in which web operators will apply to receive digital certificates/ that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server. 定语从句修饰 a simple installation process；
微观分析：定语从句中的that can be used to prevent the interception of information when it is passing between a web browser and an internet server.修饰digital certificates
when it is passing between a web browser and an internet状语从句
参考译文：这项服务计划在2015年年中发布；它的安装过程十分简单，在这个过程中，网页运营商可以申请接收数字证书，这些证书可以用来防止信息在网络浏览器和服务器之间传递时被截取。
(*)Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice.
词汇突破：1.Inheritancen. 继承；遗传；遗产
2.Genetics n.遗传，遗传学
例句：Smoking, rather than genetics,was the cause of his early demise.
导致他英年早逝的原因是吸烟而非遗传
3.dominating 支配
4.broken through 打破
5. conscious 有意识的
6. until then 直到那时；（在句子有时也可以处理为：一直）
主干识别：Human history began
其他成分：when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice.
微观分析：状语从句主干：
theinheritance of genetics and behavior was first broken through by consciouschoice 定语从句：
Which（=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior） had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
翻译点拨：刚才的分析就是我们在翻译的课堂上常讲的第一步：句子结构分析，保证句子理解的正确性。
到了第二步我们就不能按英语的结构来翻译了，就应该按照中文的表达习惯来翻译了。具体的讲就是：每个过长部分都可以单独成句；然后按中文语序排列；
刚才的句子可以翻译为三个句子：
1. Human history began
人类历史开始了
2. when the inheritance of genetics and behaviorwas first broken through by conscious choice
当遗传和行为的继承第一次被有意识的选择打破的时候
3. Which（=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior） had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
遗传和行为的继承一直提供了唯一支配环境的方式
=遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式。
大家会发现这个句子按照321的顺序会很通顺，因为符合中文时间顺序的表达习惯：
参考译文：遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式，当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时，人类的历史就开始了。
The stakes are high. With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law. Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach.
词汇突破：
1. stakes 风险；利益；筹码；重要性；
2. subsidies 补贴
3. insurance policies 保单
4. turmoil 混乱
5. re-draft 重新制定
6. Republican-controlled 共和党控制的
7. revise 修改
8. Given 因为
第一句：
The stakes are high.
风险很高。
With subsidies removed, many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable.
句子解析：With subsidies removed, 独立主格结构
还原为句子：subsidies are removed.
many people would find their insurance policies unaffordable. 主干
如果取消了补贴，很多人会发现他们支付不起保单。
第三句：
And the broader insurance market would be thrown into turmoil /unless Congress acted swiftly to re-draft the law.
语序很顺，直接翻译，不做切分；
而且，更大的保险市场会陷入混乱之中，除非国会能及时的重新修订法律。
第四句：
Given the vast differences between the Republican-controlled Congress and the president, a deal to revise Obamacare would be nearly impossible to reach.
主干：a deal would be nearly impossible to reach.
因为在共和党控制的国会和总统之间存在着极大的分歧，所以重新修订奥巴马医改方案的协议几乎不可能达成。
1.We are cut from the same cloth.
我们是同一类人。
2.What you're asking is just shy of treason.
注意短语： shy of 几乎…
你要求我做的几乎就是在叛国。
3.I don't like frank.
But I hate being in the minority even more.
我不喜欢frank ,但我更不喜欢做少数派。
4.I am not the big fan of those odds.
我不喜欢这样的机率。
5.Nobody on this planet wants to see frank underwood go to jail more than I do. 这个世界上没有谁比我更愿意看到frank underwood入狱了。
6.You did this to me.
是你让我这样的。（你害了我）
7.The political landscape shifted.
政治的风向变了
8.The truth is a powerful thing.
真相往往是最有力的。
9.Haven't you built a fortune by minimizing risk?
难道你没有通过最小化风险来积累你的财富？
10.Walker is a junk bond quickly depreciating, whereas I can end the conflict with China and keep you in the black.
注意短语：in the black 赚钱
Walker 就是一个垃圾股而且在迅速贬值。但是我可以让你结束和中国的冲突，让你赚钱。
11.It might give you some small degree of comfort.
这样可能会让你稍微好受一些。
12.Puccini's a downer.
Puccin是一个悲观者；
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a015100452.html,pelling reason
充分的理由
14.Those things have a strong pull on someone like me.
这些事情对我这样的人很有吸引力
15.No matter how strong the wind blows against us.
无论情况对我们有多么的不利
16.You will find enclosed on a separate sheet a wish lists for our future.
你可以在另外一张纸上看到我对未来的愿望清单。
17.I wanted you to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that I will side with you. 注意短语：side with 支持
我希望你毫不怀疑的相信，我是支持你的。
18.I can never fill your shoes.
我永远比不上你。
今天的句子是奥巴马医改方案的影响，美国的医改是近几年的热点，很有可能会在2016阅读中出现，请关注！
One of the biggest shifts under way is to phase out the “feefor service” model, in which hospitals and doctors’ surgeries are reimbursedfor each test or treatment with no regard for the outcome, encouraging them toput patients through unnecessary and expensive procedures.
词汇突破：1.phase something out: 逐步或分阶段撤出或终止某事物
2. reimburse 补偿，偿还，补贴
3. introduce制定
4. under way正在进行的
5. with noregard for 无论
6. surgery 外科手术
7. procedure治疗手段
主干识别：One of the biggest shifts under way is tophase out the “fee for service”model
其他成分：in which hospitals and doctors’ surgeriesare reimbursed /for each test or treatment/ with no regard for the outcome 定语从句（独立成句）
在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，
encouraging them to put patients through unnecessary and expensiveprocedures
状语（独立成句）
发出动作的就是前面的“整个句子”=这；
这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。
encourage这个词其实就是个因果词。表示因果关系。
参考译文：正在进行的一个最大的变化是逐步的停止“费用换服务”的模式，在这个模式中，医院和医生所实施外科手术，无论结果怎样，都可以从每一次测试或治疗中获得回报，这就鼓励他们让病人接受一些不必要的和昂贵的治疗。
(*)Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
【词汇突破】instead :相反（表示句间的转折）但千万注意：instead of=not （句中的否定词）
hypocritical 虚伪的；
spectacles 景象
ample 充足的
radical 激进的，根本的
journalist 记者，新闻工作者
advocate 支持；声称
participatory democracy 参与制民主
enrolled in 注册入学，入伍
【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态
【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。
【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever 为状语。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者） with a Southampton summer home;（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的）；代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的）。
【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难；
【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
今天经济学人杂志的文章中有这么一句话：
Last year nearly 1m Americans filed for bankruptcy.
这里的考点词就是 file for：申请；
这句话背后的知识就是美国人是可以申请个人破产的。
补充两个单词：
debtor 债务人
creditor 债权人
一个独立主格结构：
With inflation low and wages weak, the increase of consumer debt is worrying. 通货膨胀率低，工资水平不高，所以消费者债务的增加是令人担忧的。
在结尾的时候有这样的表达：
whether reform just increases profligacy remains to be seen.
Profligacy:浪费，肆意挥霍；
改革是不是只是增加了浪费还不得而知。
今天的句子需要背：
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
词汇突破：auditors 审计人员
Distract 分散注意力
cash register 收银机
切分：It is entirely reasonable/ for auditors /to believe that /scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there/ should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
简化：it is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that A should not be distracted by B.
A= scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there B= the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
通过这样的切分和简化，大家会发现其实复杂的就是由名词牵扯出来的成分。
微观解析：scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干
who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist
where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句
by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语
of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 做定语；
while the other eye is on the microscope状语
（一个ing结构本质上就是一个句子，是可以带上一个状语从句的。这里的while和前两天的while不一样，表示的是伴随）
译文赏析：审查者完全有理由相信，哪些知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该由于必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而被分散注意力。