环境工程专业英语试题

一、英汉互译

1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂

2. activated sludge——活性污泥

3. water purification——水净化

4. protozoa——原生动物

5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮

6. phosphate——磷酸盐

7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂

9. chemical plant——化工厂10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物

11.qualitative analysis——定性分析12.environmental problem——环境问题

13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂

15.suspented solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio

17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast

19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis

21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter

23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan

25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products

27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply

29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution

二、英译汉

1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective

in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.

污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。然而，目前保护水资源、保护渔区和维护娱乐水域也是关注的方面。

2.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of

the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.环境可以定义为：（1）一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。

3.Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usually

ranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio

布袋过滤器经常提供超过99.5%的高捕集效率，压力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。所需要的滤料面积通常是根据气布比为11.5-3.0cfm气体/平方英尺布来考虑的。

4.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, a

problem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.

大气中的硫和氮的氧化物经反应后形成酸性化合物，这些化合物腐蚀金属表面，这个问题通讯设备、电力设施和计算机工业方面已经很严重。

三、选择题

1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study

of environmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（C ）

A. objective

B. book

C. environmental problems

D. students

2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause

contamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.（C ）

A. plants

B. animals

C. resources

D. pollutant species

3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseases that

can be transmitted by contaminated water. （D ）

A. sewage

B. pathogens

C. people

D. infectious diseases

4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and percolation into the porous

underground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well.

（ B ）

A. knowledgeable scientists

B. these treatment methods

C. non-hazardous materials

D. hazardous materials

5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal

surfaces, a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries. （D ）

A. Sulfur

B. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides

C. metal surfaces

D. acidic compounds

四、英译汉，每小题10分，共30分

1.International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of

resources in keeping with their developmental and environmental objectives and priorities. Furthermore environmental considerations should not be used as an excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the developing countries, nor should these be used to introduce any forms of conditionality in aid or development financing, or to impose trade barriers affecting the export and development efforts of the developing countries.

在环境保护领域的国际合作应该建立在主权国家之间的平等原则的基础上。发展中国家有主权去利用自己国家的资源来维持发展和环境目标及其优先权。不应该以保护环境为理由干涉发展中国家的内政，不应借此在援助或发展资金上提出任何形式的附加条件，也不应设置贸易壁垒影响发展中国家出口和发展的努力。

2.Impurities in water were classified as suspended, colloidal, or dissolved. Suspended particles are large

enough to settle out or to be filtered. Colloidal and dissolved impurities are more difficult to remove. One possibility is somehow to make these small particles join together to become larger ones, which can then be treated as suspended matter. Another possibility is to convert them to a gas that escapes from the water into the atmosphere .Whatever the approach, it must be remembered that energy is required to lift water or to pump it through a filter.

水中的杂质可分为悬浮的，胶体态的或溶解态的。由于悬浮的颗粒大足以被沉淀或被过滤掉。胶体态的或溶解态的杂质较难以去除掉。去除他们的一个可能的方法是以某种方法把这些微小的颗粒物结合成比较大的颗粒然后采用去除悬浮物的方法来处理。另一种可能的方法是把他们转变为气态然后是他们从水中散发到大气中，无论采用哪一种方法，有一点必须记住的是提升水或用泵将水输送通过滤床都需要能量。

3.Water deficits and contamination of existing water supplies threaten to be critical environmental issues in

the future for agricultural production as well as for domestic and industrial use. Many countries already have serious water shortages and more than one billion people lack access to clean water or adequate sanitation. Toxic air and water pollutants, along with mountains of solid and hazardous wastes, are becoming overwhelming problems in industrialized countries. We produce hundred of millions of tons of these dangerous materials annually, and much of it is disposed of in dangerous and irresponsible ways.

缺水和水环境污染在未来也是一个严峻的环境问题，不仅是工业用水和生活用水，农业生产用水也受到了威胁。很多国家已经出现了严重的水资源短缺，超过十亿的人口没有办法获得清洁的水或足够的卫生设施。有毒的大气、水污染物和堆积如山的固体和有毒废弃物在工业化国家里成为压倒一切的问题。我们每年产生成千上百万吨的危险物质，其中大部分都是以不可靠的危险方法处理掉的。