2016崇明区一模试卷 答案
崇明县2015学年度第一学期教学质量调研测试卷
(满分150分，考试时间100分钟)2016.01
物理部分
考生注意：
1．本试卷物理部分含五个大题。
2．答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答。
一、选择题（每题2分，共16分）
1．人体的密度最接近于下列哪种物质的密度
A．木材B．水C．碳纤维D．水银
2．人站着对地面的压强大小最接近于
A．101帕B．102帕C．104帕D．106帕
3．人体触电感到巨痛有生命危险的电流大小约是
A．1毫安B．10毫安C．100毫安D．1安培
4．浮力计算的普遍公式是
A．F浮=ρ液gV排B．F浮=G物C．F浮=F1-F2D．F浮=F向上-F向下5．下列实例中，没有利用连通器原理的是
A．茶壶B．锅炉液位计C．船闸D．吸盘式挂衣钩6．有两个阻值相同的电阻，串联后其总电阻是4欧，则这两个电阻并联后的总电阻是A．1欧B．2欧C．4欧D．8欧
7．如图1所示电路中，电源电压保持不变。当电键由断开到闭合时，下列判断错误的是A．电流表示数变大B．电压表示数变大
C．电压表示数与电流表示数的比值变大D．电压表示数与电流表示数的乘积变大
8．如图2所示，水平地面上放着两个质地均匀的正方体甲和乙，且甲对地面的压强大于乙。若在两正方体上面各放一个物体，小明认为：若两物体质量相等，正方体甲对地面的压强可能小于乙；小强认为：若两物体体积相等，正方体甲对地面的压强可能小于乙。下列判断正确的是
A．两人的观点均正确B．两人的观点均不正确
C．只有小明的观点正确D．只有小强的观点正确
二、填空题（第9~14题每格1分，第15、16题每格2分，共26分）
9.家庭用的电灯正常工作时的电压为（1）伏.家庭中电灯和电风扇之间是（2）连接的；带有照明灯的电风扇，其照明灯与电风扇之间的（3）连接的.（以上两格均选填“串联”或“并联”）
10.物理知识在日常生活中有着广泛的应用：图3中，利用（4）知识可以方便地估算游泳池中水的质量；用吸管饮料利用的是（5）的知识；修筑拦河大坝时要做成上窄下宽，主要是根据（6）的规律.（最后一格选填“固体压强”或“液体压强”）
11.学习电压和电流概念时，我们运用的科学方法是（7）；探究导体的电流和电压关系实验中，运用的科学方法是（8）；引入“总电阻”概念时运用的科学方法是（9）。（选填正确选项填入上面空格：A.控制变量法；B.类比法；C.建立模型法；D.等效替代法）
12.若10秒内通过某导体横截面的电荷量为3库，导体两端的电压为6伏，则通过导体的电流为（10）安，导体的电阻为（11）欧；如果通过导体的电流越大，则该导体的电阻将（12）（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）
13.大约在六百年前，我国明代伟大的航海家郑和从南京开始了下西洋的壮举，当时他使用的是名叫“宝船”的大船，若宝船总重力为4.9×107牛，则船在长江水中航行时受到的浮力大小为（13）牛，浮力方向竖直向（14），宝船进入大西洋中受到的浮力（15）（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）
14.如图4所示，将质量相等的实心物体A和B放在水平桌面中央，它们对水平桌面的压力和压强分别为F A、F B，p A、p B，则F A（16）F B，p A（17）p B；如把它们按图示方向向右倾倒后，则它们对桌面的对桌面的压强p A’（18）p B’（以上三格匀选填“>”、“=”或“<”）
15.在图5所示电路中，电源电压保持不变，R1、R2可能出现了断路故障，闭合电键S后：
（1）若观察到有两个电表有示数，则说明故障是（19）；
（2）若移动滑片时有电表示数发生了变化，则发生变化的一定是（20）表。
16.近代科学家利用托里拆利实验研究大气压与海拔高度之间关系时，在不同高度地方做了如图6a、b、
c、d、e、f组实验，请仔细观察各图并归纳结论：
（1）由图a或b或c或d或e或f可以得到（21）；
（2）由图a和b和c和d和e和f可以得到（22）。
三、作图题（第17、18题各3分，第19题2分，共8分）
17．在图7中，重力为10牛的物体静止在水平地面上，请用力的图示法画出物体对地面的压力。
18．在图8电路空白处填入电源、电流表和电压表的符号，要求：闭合电键S后，两灯泡均能正常发光，且电流表测量通过L1的电流。
19．在图9所示的电路中，有两根导线尚未连接，请用笔线代替导线补上。补上后要求：①电压表测小灯两端电压；②闭合电键S，向右端移动滑动变阻器的滑片P，电压表示数变小。
四、计算题（第20题4分，第21题9分，第22题9分，共22分）
20．体积为1×10-3米3的铝球浸没在水中求铝球受到的浮力F浮.
21.如图10，薄壁圆柱形容器甲和均匀正方体乙置于水平地面上，容器甲足够高、底面积为5×10-2米2盛有0.1米深的水，正方体乙质量为6千克，密度为3×103千克/米3 .
（1）求容器甲内水对容器底部的压强；
（2）求正方体乙的体积；
（3）若将正方体乙浸没在容器甲的水中，
求水对容器底部的压强的增加量.
22.如图11所示电路中，电源电压12伏，定值电阻为10欧，将电压表并联接入电路适当位置，闭合电键后，移动滑动变阻器滑片P且使其电阻每次减小相同的阻值，两个电表示数如下表所示，试求：（1）第1次实验时电流表示数为0.3安，则此时电阻R1两端的电压；
（2）若滑动变阻器接入电路中电阻为14欧，求电路中的电流.
（3）分析电压表并联的位置，并求出滑动变阻器再次减小相同的阻值时电压表和电流表的示数，填入表格空白处.
五、实验题（共18分）
23．下图12所示试验装置中，可以用来研究液体内部压强的是（1），用来测量液体密度的是（2），用来测定大气压强的是（3），测量时需要与用电器并联的是（4）。（填字母）
24.在探究压力的作用效果与哪些因素有关时，某同学用一个小板凳、重物和细沙做了如图13所示的四个实验，通过观察四次实验时细沙的（5），反应压力的作用效果。比较序号a与c或b与d所示实验，说明受力面积相同时，（6），压力作用效果越明显；比较序（7）号所示实验，说明压力相同时，受力面积越小，压力作用效果越明显。如图序号a与d所示，应该比较（8），寻找压力作用效果与它的关系。
25.在“用电流表、电压表测电阻”的实验中，小李同学按图14连接电路进行实验。所用电源为3节新干电池串联而成，且电压保持不变，滑动变阻器上标有“20Ω2A”字样.
①在闭合电键S前，他应该将滑动变阻器的滑片置于图中（9）端。（选填“A”或“B”）
②他实验步骤正确，闭合电键时，观察电流表的示数并记录在序号1中。接着，他移动滑片到中点位置（即滑动变阻器接入电路的电阻为10欧），将电压表的示数2.5伏记录在序号2中。当他将滑片移动到另一端时，将电流表的示数0.36安记录在序号3中。
请在上表中将该同学设计的表格空白处填写完整。（计算电阻时，精确到0.1欧）
26.某小组同学在做“探究并联电路的规律”实验中，
按图15所示的电路图正确连接电路。在已得知并联电
路各支路两端电压等于电源电压的结论后继续探究。实
验中他们多次改变电阻R1、R2，得到的实验数据如下表
所示。
①小王同学在分析实验序号1（或2或3或4）中的A1、A2和A表的数据及相关条件时，得出的初步结论是：并联电路中，干路中的电流等于（14）。
②小明同学进一步分析了实验序号1（或2或3或4）中的电流表A1、A2示数的比值和电阻R1、R2的比值及相关条件，可的结论是：并联电路中，（15）。
③他们根据所学知识，根据表格中的相关物理量，求出了每次实验时并联电路总电阻，请将求得的数据填写在表格的最后一列（16）。
④根据实验序号1与2（或3与4）中的R1、R2和总电阻R的数据及相关条件，可得结论是：并联电路中，（17）。
⑤为了使实验结论更加具有普遍性，同学们还应改变（18）重复上述实验。
崇明县2015学年初三物理一模卷参考答案
题号答案及评分标准
一、选择题
（共16分）
1.B
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.D
6. A
7.A
8.A
二、填空题（共26分）9.（1）220；（2）并联；（3）并联。
10.（4）密度；（5）大气压强；（6）液体压强。
11.（7）B；（8）A；（9）D。
12.（10）0.3；（11）20；（12）不变。
13.（13）4.9×107；（14）上；（15）不变。
14.（16）=；（17）>；（18）=。
15.（19）R2断路；
（20）A和A1。
16.（21）
（22）不同海拔高度位置，大气压强随着海拔高度的升高而降
低。
3分
3分
3分
3分
3分
3分
2分
2分
2分
2分
三、作图题（共8分）17.压力的大小1 分；方向1 分；作用点1 分。3分
18.每个空格1分。3分
19.滑动变阻器连线正确2分。2分
四、计算题（共22分）
20.
（4分）
F浮＝ρ液V排g
＝1×103kg/m3×1×10-3m3×9.8N/kg
＝9.8N
2分
1分
1分
21.
（9分）
①p＝ρ酒gh
＝1×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×0.1m
＝980Pa
②V乙＝m乙/ρ乙
＝6kg/3×103kg/m3
＝2×10-3m3
③p’＝ρ酒gh’
＝ρ酒g(h+V乙/S)
＝1×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×（0.1m+2×10-3m3/5×10-2m2)
＝1372Pa
△p＝p’-p＝392Pa
1分
1分
1分
1分
1分
1分
3分
22.
（9分）
①U1＝I1 R1＝0.3A×10Ω＝3伏
②R=R1+R2=24Ω
I=U/R=12V/24Ω=0.5A
③电压表并联在滑动变阻器两端
电流表示数1.2A；电压表示数0V
2分
3分
2分
2分说明：在计算中，有关单位错写、漏写，总扣 1 分。
五、实验题（共18分）23.（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）E。
24.（5）形变程度；（6）压力越大；
（7）a与b或c与d；（8）压力与受力面积的比值。
25.
①（9）B
②（10）1.7V；12.1Ω（11）0.2A；12.5Ω（12）4.5V；12.5Ω（13）12.4Ω
26.
①（14）各支路中的电流值和。
②（15）各支路中电流之比等于个电路中电阻的倒数之比。
③（16）3.3Ω；3.75Ω；6Ω；8.6Ω。
④（17）电路总电阻的倒数等于各支路中电阻倒数之和。
⑤（18）电源电压。
4分
4分
5分
5分
2020三校一模英语答案
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