专项升格集训2
专项升格集训二——蛋白质的相关计算1．(2009·青岛模拟)丙氨酸的R基为—CH3，谷氨酸的R基为—C3H5O2，它们缩合形成的二肽分子中，C、H、O的原子比例为()
A．7∶16∶6 B．7∶14∶5 C．8∶12∶5 D．8∶14∶5
解析：先根据R基推导出两种氨基酸的结构简式或分子式，再根据脱水缩合的原理计算原子数。注意，计算H原子数、O原子数时，应减去脱去水分子中的原子数。丙氨
酸的结构简式是，谷氨酸的结构简式是。当缩合成二肽时需脱去一分子水。故缩合成的二肽分子中，C原子数为3＋5＝8，H原子数为7＋9－2＝14，O原子数为2＋4－1＝5。
答案：D
2．(2010·杭州模拟)谷胱甘肽(C10H17O6N3S)是存在于动植物和微生物细胞中的一种重要三肽，它是由谷氨酸(C5H9O4N)、甘氨酸(C2H5O2N)和半胱氨酸缩合而成的，则半胱氨酸可能的分子式为()
A．C3H3NS B．C3H5NS
C．C3H7O2NS D．C3H3O2NS
解析：谷胱甘肽＝谷氨酸＋甘氨酸＋半胱氨酸－2H2O，即C10H17O6N3S＝C5H9O4N＋C2H5O2N＋半胱氨酸－2H2O，所以半胱氨酸的分子式为C3H7O2NS。
答案：C
3．(2010·舟山模拟)某蛋白质由3条多肽链，N个氨基酸组成，下列关于该蛋白质说法正确的是()
A．形成该蛋白质时产生了N个水分子
B．该蛋白质中至少含有N个肽键
C．该蛋白质中至少含有3个游离的羧基
D．合成该蛋白质至少需要20种氨基酸
解析：形成该蛋白质时，产生水分子数为N－3，含有N－3个肽键。至少含有的游离的羧基数＝肽链条数＝3。
答案：C
4．(2010·上海高考)由m个氨基酸构成的一个蛋白质分子，含n条肽链，其中z条是环状多肽。该蛋白质分子中含有的肽键数为()
A．m－z＋n B．m－n－z
C．m－n＋z D．m＋z＋n
解析：m个氨基酸构成的一个蛋白质分子，含n条肽链，如肽链全部为直线形，则合成蛋白质分子形成的肽键数为m－n；由于n条肽链中有z条是环状多肽，而每一条环状
多肽的肽键比直线形肽链多1个，因此肽键数为m－n＋z。
答案：C
5．某肽链由10个氨基酸组成，利用水解法Ⅰ可得到四个片段，即：A—P；H—V；
G—L—B—T；C—T。利用水解法Ⅱ可得到三个片段，即：A—P—G—L；T—H—V；
B—T—C。(其中字母表示氨基酸，“—”表示肽键)。从有重叠结构的各个片段的顺序中可推断出该肽链的氨基酸序列为()
A．A—P—H—V—G—L—B—T—C—T
B．A—P—G—L—B—T—C—T—H—V
C．T—H—V—A—P—G—L—B—T—C
D．G—L—B—T—A—P—H—V—C—T
解析：由水解法Ⅱ得到A—P—G—L，由水解法Ⅰ得到G—L—B—T，可知该肽链中含有片段A—P—G—L—B—T(肽链中只含有1个L)；由水解法Ⅱ得到B—T—C，可知该肽链中含有片段A—P—G—L—B—T—C(肽链中只含有1个C)；以此为基础，根据水解法Ⅰ可得到的序列C—T和H—V，可知该肽链的氨基酸序列为A—P—G—L—B—T—C—T—H—V。
答案：B
6．免疫球蛋白IgG的结构示意图如下，其中—S—S—表示连接两条相邻肽链的二硫键。若该IgG由m个氨基酸构成，则该IgG有肽键数()
A．m个B．(m＋1)个C．(m－2)个D．(m－4)个
解析：从题中图示可看出，该免疫球蛋白IgG由m个氨基酸经脱水缩合形成的4条肽链构成，即脱去的水分子数为(m－4)个，肽键个数与水分子数是一一对应的，肽键个数也为(m－4)个。
答案：D
7．某蛋白质分子的相对分子质量为10 412,20种氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为128，在形成该蛋白质分子时脱去的水分子总质量为1 620，则该蛋白质分子的肽链数为()
A．一条B．两条C．三条D．四条
解析：水分子个数＝1 620÷18＝90个；氨基酸的个数＝(10 412＋1 620)÷128＝94个，则肽链数＝氨基酸个数－水分子数＝94－90＝4。
答案：D
8．分析多肽E和多肽F得到以下结果(单位：个)
多肽E和多肽F中氨基酸的数目最可能是()
A．199和181 B．340和281
C．58和53 D．51和49
解析：根据氨基酸分子的通式，每个氨基中含有一个氮原子，多肽E共含53个氮原子，3个氨基，而多肽一端有一个氨基，故R基上有2个氨基，则多肽E是由53－2＝51个氨基酸缩合成的。同理，多肽F是由54－5＝49个氨基酸缩合成的。
答案：D
9．如果有足量的三种氨基酸，分别为甲、乙、丙，则它们能形成的三肽种类以及包含三种氨基酸的三肽种类最多是()
A．9种、9种B．6种、3种
C．27种、6种D．3种、3种
解析：此题与数学的排列组合知识相联系，注意肽链是有方向的如甲—甲—乙和乙—甲—甲是两种不同的三肽。它们的计算结果分别为33和P33＝3×2×1＝6。
答案：C
10．狼体内有A种蛋白质，20种氨基酸；兔体内有B种蛋白质，20种氨基酸。狼捕食兔后狼体内的一个细胞中含有的蛋白质种类和氨基酸种类最可能是()
A．A＋B,40 B．A,20
C．＞A,20 D．＜A,20
解析：狼体内有A种蛋白质，是全部基因表达的结果，但狼体内的一个细胞内只有部分基因表达，因此，蛋白质种类少于A种，但氨基酸可能有20种。
答案：D
11．某蛋白质的结构示意图如下，其中—S—S—表示连接两条相邻肽链的二硫键。若该蛋白质由m个氨基酸构成，则每摩尔该蛋白质在形成时生成的水分子摩尔数和减少的相对分子质量分别为()
A．m个18m
B．(m－4)个18(m－4)
C．(m－3)个18(m－3)＋4
D．(m－2)个18(m－2)＋4
解析：通过认真识图可知，含有3条肽链，其中一条是环状结构。对于环状结构来说，失水数等于氨基酸数。图中还有2个二硫键，所以还要失去4个H。
答案：D
12．现有氨基酸800个，其中氨基总数为810个，羧基总数为808个，则由这些氨基酸合成的含有2条肽链的蛋白质共有肽键、氨基和羧基的数目依次分别为()
A．798、2和2 B．798、12和10
C．799、1和1 D．799、11和9
解析：组成蛋白质的一个氨基酸至少有一个氨基和一个羧基，且连在同一个碳原子上。
已知氨基酸数量800，氨基总数810，羧基总数808。氨基酸之间经脱水缩合形成肽键(n 个氨基酸形成m条肽链可以形成n－m个肽键)，通过肽键将氨基酸连接成肽链，一条多肽链的一端是一个氨基，另一端是一个羧基。肽链与肽链之间不通过肽键连接(如果通过肽键连接就成为一条肽链了，是通过其他化学键连接)。据此得出：由800个氨基酸组成的含有2条肽链的蛋白质共有肽键：800－2＝798个；氨基：1＋1＋10＝12个；
羧基：1＋1＋8＝10个。
答案：B
13．某三十九肽中共有丙氨酸(R基为—CH3)4个，现去掉其中的丙氨酸得到4条长短不等的多肽(如图)，下列有关该过程的叙述中错误的是()
A．肽键数目减少8个B．C原子减少12个
C．氨基和羧基分别增加3个D．O原子数目减少1个
解析：三十九肽中应有39个氨基酸，38个肽键，由去掉其中的丙氨酸得到的4条多肽链分析可知，丙氨酸在三十九肽中分别位于第8个、18个、27个、39个氨基酸位置，去掉丙氨酸形成多肽时，需水解断开肽键形成游离端，经计算知，肽键数目减少了7个，C原子减少12个，氨基和羧基分别增加3个，而O原子数目减少1个。
答案：A
14．含有215个N原子的200个氨基酸，形成了5个四肽、4个六肽和1个2条肽链构成的蛋白质分子。这些多肽和蛋白质分子中，肽键与氨基数目的最大值分别是()
A．200和200 B．200和215
C．189和11 D．189和26
解析：5个四肽中肽键数为3×5＝15个，4个六肽中肽键数为5×4＝20个，1个2条肽链构成的蛋白质分子共有200－4×5－6×4＝156个氨基酸，肽键数为156－2＝154个。故这些多肽和蛋白质分子中，肽键数的最大值为15＋20＋154＝189个。含有215个N原子的200个氨基酸中，R基中氨基数目最多有15个。每条多肽链至少含一个游离的氨基，这些多肽和蛋白质分子中共有5＋4＋2＋15＝26条肽链。
答案：D
15．(2010·汕头模拟)全世界每年有上千人由于误吃毒蘑菇而死亡，鹅膏蕈碱就是一种毒菇
的毒素，它是一种环状八肽。若20种氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为128，则鹅膏蕈碱的相对分子质量大约是()
A．1 024 B．898 C．880 D．862
解析：环状多肽在形成过程中减少的水分子数等于氨基酸个数，所以其分子量＝128×8－18×8＝880。
答案：C
16．(2010·汕头模拟)经测定某多肽分子式为C21H x O y N4S2(无二硫键)。已知该多肽是由下列氨基酸中的几种作原料合成的：苯丙氨酸(C9H11NO2)，天冬氨酸(C4H7NO4)，丙氨酸(C3H7NO2)，亮氨酸(C6H13NO2)，半胱氨酸(C3H7NO2S)。
请回答：
(1)该多肽共由________个氨基酸组成，参与的氨基酸的种类与数目为
____________________________________________________________。
(2)该多肽分子中的H原子数是________，O原子数是________。
(3)控制该多肽合成的mRNA上至少有________种不同的密码子(不考虑终止密码子)。
解析：首先根据题目所提供的多肽和五种氨基酸分子式中N、S原子的数目可推知：此多肽由4个氨基酸组成，其中含有2个半胱氨酸(因为C、N、S原子在氨基酸脱水缩合过程中数目不发生变化)，然后据C原子数目进行计算：C原子总数为21，减去两个半胱氨酸的6个C原子后还剩15个，两个氨基酸的C原子之和是15的只能是苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸。最后据四肽形成时失去3分子的H2O计算出H原子和O原子的数目。因为肽链上有三种氨基酸，所以最少要有三种密码子。
答案：(1)42个半胱氨酸、1个苯丙氨酸、1个亮氨酸(2)325(3)3
“成长的滋味”命题作文写作指导与升格训练
【训练题目】 以“成长的滋味”为题写一篇不少于600字的文章。 【写作指导】 成长，是一个与我们息息相关的话题。成长的感受，也是千姿百态，丰富多彩的，就像一棵小苗长成大树，有阳光雨露，也有风吹雨打，有欢乐甜美，也有困惑痛苦。要写好这个作文题，应该注意以下几点：一、先审好题，明确题眼是“滋味”，即要把滋味写出来。二、要写自己对生活的真实感受，不管这种感受是苦涩甜蜜的，还是欣喜惊奇的。三、要有典型的材料，从材料中自然生发感受，诉说自己对成长的真切体会。要善于从平凡普通的生活中，观察出对生活的认识，对成长的感受。你可以议论，表达你对成长的思考；你可以记叙，诉说你的一段成长的故事；你可抒情，抒发你对成长的感受…… 【升格示例】 成长的滋味 成长是大家共同品尝过的一种人生岁月，酸甜苦辣咸，五味皆全，仔细一品，却发现原来还有一番不同的滋味涌上心头，那就是成长是一种幸福。 从出生到学会说话，成长总寸步不离地跟着我。学会叫妈妈时，母亲那和谐的脸上挂着笑容；当我学会穿衣服，爸爸慈祥的脸上显视出那高兴的样子，然后说：“我的乖女儿长大了，不在需要我为她穿衣服了！”直到捧着那厚厚的字典查阅那生字生词；直到笨手笨脚把那咸不可入口的土豆丝端上饭桌，我都能听到母亲、父亲那带着喜悦的口中说出：“乖女儿，终于长大了。”我，长大了，能让日夜操劳的母亲开心的笑一笑，能让日夜奔波在外，而不能按时吃饭的父亲歇上一歇。母亲的微笑是她的幸福，也是我的幸福，父亲喘息的平缓便是我的成功。于是，我说！成长是一种幸福。 从小时候，就不愿喝牛奶，童年的想法是不愿和牛宝宝争一个好妈妈，孩提时，看见别人采摘那漂亮的花，就会心疼，天真的念头是花儿也知道疼痛；自小就不明白天上为什么会掉下小水滴，是不是它哭了，鱼儿为什么总生活在水里，而不被呛死……自小说喜欢揣摩世界上的一切一切，满脑子充满稀奇古怪的问号，于是搂着爸爸的脖子，问一大堆一大堆的为什么，缠着放学回家的小姐姐问那些为什么……但随着年龄的增长，一个个问题解决了，我体会到了成长的快乐。[升格导议] 这篇散文的整体构思还是不错的，小作者以抒情的笔调叙写了自己成长的感受。但内容不够充实，结尾也不够简洁有力。为了使文章内容丰富多彩，可以在文章开篇之后，用类比的方法讲述成长的快乐，结尾部分应精心设计，力求有一箭三雕之效，既要点题，呼应开头，又要深化文章的中心。 [升格佳作] 成长的滋味 成长是你品、我品、他品的人生岁月，酸甜苦辣，多滋多味，仔细品品，噢，原来别有一番滋滋哧在心头，成长是一种幸福。 羽翼渐丰的幼鹰，带着对广阔苍穹的向往，努力地，使出全身的力量——成功了，它一展稚嫩的双翼自由自在地飞翔；刚出生的小牛犊不愿再跪在柔软的草地上，带着对奔腾渴望，努力地，使出全身的力量——成功了，它稳稳地直立起小小的身子，一声奶气的：哞“是向世界宣告：我长大了！飞翔是幼鹰的幸福，腾跃是牛犊的成长。于是，我说，成长是一种幸福。
专项训练名词性从句专项及解析含答案解析
专项训练名词性从句专项及解析含答案解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A. Which B. What C. It D. As 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：医疗保健的进步将促进一个更强大、更繁荣的经济，这是我们的信念。that引导的是主语从句，故空格处应该用it作形式主语，代替真正的that引导的主语从句。故答案选C。 【点评】考查it的用法，以及主语从句的应用。 2．_____ is known to us all is that China has launched Shenzhou VII spaceship, ____ made the country's first spacewalk successful. A. That; what B. What; which C. It; which D. As; that 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：众所周知，中国已经发射了神州7号宇宙飞船，这是中国首次成功的太空行走。第一空处为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用what引导；第二空所在句子是个定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，从句中缺少主语，需用which引导。故选B。【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及主语从句和非限制性定语从句的应用。 3．He took a trip to Beijing last week and ________ he saw at the Forbidden City impressed him deeply. A. that B. how C. what D. which 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：上周他到北京旅行了，他在故宫所看到的给他留下了深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知，连词and后为一个名词性从句，因此应该使用what引导，且what在从句中作主语，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 4．________ is the centre of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages. A. It's the sun and not the earth B. The sun and not the earth C. Being the sun and not the earth D. That the sun and not the earth 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：太阳而不是地球是我们行星系统的中心，这在中世纪是一个很难理解的概念。分析句子可知，整个句子为主系表结构，was为系动词，它之前的都为主语，且主语由句子来充当，句子结构以及句意完整，所以连词代词为that。故选D。
名词性从句的解题技巧(二)
名词性从句的解题技巧（二） 安徽省蚌埠二中----朱正军 B）名词性从句缺表语： 从句缺表语比上述情况复杂一些，根据句意分析，如果需要使用连接代词的话，判断选择的 方法与上述方法相同，而表达“谁的？”这一所属关系时则用whose (如：I don’t know whose this book is.)。如： 15. I read about it in some book or other. Does it matter ____ it was? 【北京卷2006】 A. were B. what C. how D. which 16. ----Can you do me a favor? ----It depends on ____ it is. 【北京卷2006】 A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 17. I want to be liked and loved for _____ I am inside. 【北京卷2010】 A. who B. where C. what D. how 18. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. 【山东卷2006】 A. as B. that C. what D. which 【这是一个较为特殊的句式结构，从句是第一个are的表语。句意为“发动机对于机器而言就 如同动物的心脏。”】 答案：15. D 16. C 17. C 18. C。选择方法上文已经讲过，在此不再赘述。 如果不能使用连接代词，则根据语义选择适当的连接副词，如Please tell me who/what/where/how he is一句中的几个连接词都是正确的，具体用哪一个要看上下文。 C）名词性从句缺定语： 名词性从句缺定语如果指“谁的？”则用whose，如：I don’t know whose book this is. 如果指“什么的？”则用what或whatever，如：I don’t care what person you’d like to make friends with.或You can make friends with whatever person you like. 再如： 19. It is uncertain_____ side effect the medicine will bring about although about two thousand patients have taken it. 【浙江卷2010】 A. that B. what C. how D. whether 该题表达的是“什么样的”，所以答案为B。 如果指“哪一个？”则用which或whichever。如： 20. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. 【山东卷2006】 A. No matter what B. No matter which C. whatever D. whichever 【谈及星期六的比赛，当然就有了范围的限制，所以要用which或whichever，意为“哪个队”，分析一下句型结构不难看出连接词既是team的定语，whichever team又是will go through的 主语，即“一身兼两职”。同时，No matter wh+只能引导让步状语从句。】 答案：20. D。which与whichever之间语法上的区别和who与whoever whom与whomever相同，whichever可解释为any person who/any thing which。 二）如果名词性从句中不缺少上述成分，则根据句意有无疑问将连接词的选择分成两种情况：A）从句语义是确定无疑的： a) 从句表达的是“一种事实”则用that。 1. It never occurred to me ____ you could succeed in persuading him to change. 【陕西卷2010】 A. which B. what C. that D. if
记叙文作文升格训练
作文升格训练（之一） 教学目标： 1．让平淡的作文溢彩 2．使三、四类作文成为一、二类作文 教学重点： 记叙文、抒情散文出彩方法 教学过程： 一、自主学习： 比较阅读下面的两篇作文 [话题作文] 阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文 从一个人的成长来看，先要学会走，然后才是跑。任谁都跑过——无论身体上的，还是心灵上的，但跑的体验是不尽相同的。你或许有难忘的经历，或许有深切的感受，或许有独到的认识。请联系自己的生活实际，以“跑的体验”为话题，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。 [例文一] 我的人生之跑 那年高考，发挥失常，落榜了。我是一个要强的人，不信就跑不到终点，相信，此处不留人，必有留人处，我坚决地拒绝了复读，背着大大的旅行包，踏上了火车。父亲一脸的沉重，母亲两眼泪花。在两位老人不停的叮嘱中，我懂得那份对游子的牵挂。我在心中也暗暗下定决心，这次出外闯荡，一定要混个像模像样的才回来，以此证明自己，回报父母。长大了的少年都有离开父母的冲动。想过没有唠叨的自由日子，所以离开了父母，一开始的日子是惬意的。尤其像我这种经历的人，出外还有种好处，就是别人不了解我的过去，没有当面的白眼和背后的指责，这种用逃避换来的自信时时伴随着我。可是谁知，也有没有料到的心酸事。高中毕业生打工，找个粗重活不成问题，可是要找个好点的公司好点的工作，那就难了。每次应聘，我都表现特佳，可是一看我的文凭，他们就对我似乎不屑一顾了。 我记不清是第几次落榜了，我闷坐在小屋里，顿时觉得四周一片漆黑，前路茫茫，我将要跑向何方？这时我突然想起了家乡，想起了父母，想起了老师……在家的日子，也有不顺心的事，但每当那时，总有老师的鼓励、母亲的宽慰、父亲的指点……可今天，我形只影单，无人理睬。我跟母亲挂了电话，我想家了，我决定要回去，往回跑吧。 我回到了我曾经努力奔跑过的家乡，开始了我曾经拒绝过的复读。我觉得这不是回头路，这是人生路上“跑”的一个新起点，如果把我的打工生涯作参照的话，我这是在向新的目标奔跑。 有了打工的经历，我觉得我“跑”的动力更足了。“三点一线”的枯燥，挑灯夜战的辛苦，我都觉得平常了。皇天不负有心人，我相信这次一定能“跑”出个令人满意的成绩的。[简评]（1）本文叙述较为平淡，显得文采不足。（2）内容上突出“体验”还差笔墨，或者说立意还可挖掘。从结尾看，作者的“体验”是“知跑之苦才能知甜”，“知跑之苦才更有重新跑的动力”。但让文中思乡的一段没有了着落。（本段相应的“体验”应是离不开亲友的呵护关怀。）
英语名词性从句专项训练及答案及解析
英语名词性从句专项训练及答案及解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．______ has caused great confusion is ______ he made it without anyone else's help. A. What; that. B. What; how. C. It; how. D. It; that. 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：让人极大困惑的是他如何在没有别人帮助的情况下做到这一点的。表示“让人困惑的事情”用what引导主语从句，表示“如何做到的”用how表方式，引导表语从句。故选B. 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和how引导的表语从句。 2．While some behaviors may seem strange to you, remember you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others. A. it; that B. what; that C. that; what D. which; that 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：虽然有些行为对你来说可能很奇怪，但请记住，你认为正常的行为对别人来说可能也不寻常。第一空为宾语从句，从句结构完整用that起连接作用，第二空为主语从句，从句中consider缺少宾语，应该用what，故选C。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的宾语从句和what引导的主语从句。 3． is clear to the members of the committee is that the President will not give in to their demands. A. Who B. It C. As D. What 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：委员会成员清楚的是，总统不会向他们的要求让步。that the President will not give in to their demands.这个句子作表语； is clear to the members of the committee这是主语从句，这里缺少主语从句的连接词，并且连接词在句中作主语，it是代词，不是了；连接词，故排除B；as作主语时，是在定语从句中，故排除C；who指人，根据表语指的事情，不是人，故排除A；what在主语从句中可以作主语或宾语，指事，符合句意，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句。 4．________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A. As; whose B. It; whose C. As; whom D. It; whom 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家，过去生活很艰苦，到了八十多岁还在努力工作。第一空it is known to us all that…是个固定句型，意为“众所周知…”；第二空为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词the old scientist指人，作介词for的宾语，只能用whom，故选D。
2名词性从句
（二）名词性从句 一、填入适当的引导词 1. ---Could you tell me ________ the man is ? --- He is my brother. 2. I didn’t know ________ he was coming until yesterday . 3. ---It’s still a question _______ we shall have our sports . --- It’s said we shall have it next week . 4. The news ________ he was chosen made us happy . 5. The doctor asked ________ medicine you have taken . 6. This is ________ they solved the problems in the city . 7. ________ our football team will win is uncertain yet . 8. ________ frightened us most was ________ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness . 9. My mother asked _______ was the matter with me . 10. The reason I didn’t come to the meeting was _______ I got ill . 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. The mason why he didn't come to the meeting was_________ he was ill. A. because B. because of C. that D. which ( ) 2. I don't know_________is_________I was born. A. that, why B. that, what C. that, where D. what, that ( ) 3. _________we need more time and effort is quite clear. A. When B. what C. That D. / ( ) 4. _____ he will start off to Nanjing isn't known to us. A. That B. Which C. Because D. When ( ) 5. _________she put the key is unknown to me. A. How B. Where C. In which D. Whether ( ) 6. I don’t understand is_________he has changed his mind. A. That, that B. Which, how C. What, what D. What, why ( ) 7. His suggestion is_________the food_________under low temperature. A. that, be kept B. that, would be kept C. What, should be kept D. that, keep ( ) 8. The news ______ Lincoln was murdered filled their heart with deep sorrow. A. which B. that C. about that D. in which ( ) 9. It makes no difference ______ he come or not. A. if B. that C. when D. whether ( ) 10. _________she has done astonishes everybody in the school. A. How B. Where C. In which D. The behaviour ( ) 11. _________ I was out when a friend came to see me that day. A. It is happened that B. It happened that C. It happened to D. That happened ( ) 12.They required that he_________at 6:30 am. A. arrived B. would arrive C. should arrive D. arriving ( ) 13. The retired teacher often thinks of_________ he can do more for the education. A. which B. how C. what D. that ( ) 14. I don’t think_________ . A. that he has finished his studies in such a short time possible B. possible that he has finished his studies in such a short time C. it that he has finished his studies in such a short time possible D. it possible that he has finished his studies in such a short time ( ) 15. The doctors did ______ they could the wounded man. A. that, save B. what, save C. and, save D. what, to save ( ) 16. Do you know _________to build bridge? A. how long it was taken B. how long it had taken C. how much time did it taken D. how much time it was taken ( ) 17. I don’t know_________he has bought these books. A. for whom B. to whom C. who D. whom ( ) 18. Take_________ you really like here. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever ( ) 19. _________do you think will give us a talk? A. Which B. What C. Who D.Whom ( ) 20. _____ he didn't come yesterday is strange. A. Which B. That C. It that D. Why ( ) 21. Tell me how much_________ . A. did the dictionary cost B. cost the dictionary C. the dictionary cost D. the dictionary costed ( ) 22. I doubt_________they will help us with it at once. A. whether B. that C. what D. / ( ) 23.How I wish I_________ last week's party. A. had been able to go to B. could go to C. were able to go to D. went to ( ) 24. It was just ______ she studied hard that he passed the exam. A. since B. for C. as D. became ( ) 25. _________has done it should be criticized. A. No matter who B. Who C. Whoever D. Anyone ( ) 26. Have you any idea ? A. how soon they will arrive B. how fast will they arrive C. how quick they will arrive D. how will they arrive ( ) 27. Air is to us ______ water is to fish. A. is that B. What C. Which D. that ( ) 28. Is it possible_________he misunderstood_________I said. A. that, that B. what, what C. what, that D. that, what ( ) 29. My hometown is no longer_________. A. what it used to be B. what is used to like C. like it used to be D. what is used to ( ) 30. He didn't know_________with the computer. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what matter was it D. what wrong was 三、单句改错 1. We all agree with him on that he said. _________________ 2. Can you tell me where he lives in? _________________ 3. The fact he was seriously ill made them worded. _________________ 4. The problem is we are short of money. _________________ 5. Things were not that they seemed to be. _________________ 6. You don't like him is none of my business. _________________ 7. She said she will stay here for another week. _________________ 8. I will give this dictionary to whomever wants to have it. _________________ 9. The old man's sons wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. ________________ 10. The news which we would go to Mount Tai during the winter vacation delighted us. ________________
作文升格——病文修改——点题
点题 病文： 品味快乐 快乐是什么？不同的人有不同的看法，领导者认为快乐是为人民服务；工作人员认为快乐是工作；小偷认为快乐就是能偷到更多的钱，学生就是快乐就是努力学习。那么快乐究竟是什么呢？相信不同的人会有不同的看法。（只要你心去品味，你就会发现快乐其实就是给予，就是奉献。） 有人曾说过：“如果你有一份快乐，但你把它讲述给别人，那么你就有两个快乐。”所以，我认为快乐就是不断的给予他人。 我就有过亲身经历。一天，家中来了几个客人，妈妈让我到街上去买菜。我兴高采烈地来到街上，突然，一阵悠扬的歌声传入了我的耳朵。我循声找去，原来有两个人在大街上唱歌。他们的前面立着一个牌子，写着“聋哑人募捐”。这时，我仔细一看，原来拉二胡那个人是聋子，唱歌的那人是个瞎子。他们由于生活所迫，不得不靠卖艺来换回一点生活费。 “乡亲们，求求你们行行好，帮帮我们吧！”一曲演奏完后，他们双膝跪地，向围观的人道。有许多人都把钱投向他们，有十元的，五元的，还有五角，甚至壹角的，看到这一切，我握钱的手不禁握得更紧了，同情之心也不禁油然而生。 “捐，还是不捐？”我在心里问自己。捐吧，就没钱买菜了，可妈妈还等着要菜招待客人呢。不捐吧，两个残疾人也着实太可怜了，我实在不忍心看着他们受苦。 捐，我下定了决心。于是，我把妈妈给的买菜钱全都给了他们。没钱买菜了，我只好空着手回家。在回家的路上，我的心情无比地轻松，把可能会受到妈妈责骂的恐惧都抛到九霄云外去了。我一路哼着欢快的曲子，蹦着跳着。这时，天空也格外的蓝，空气也特别清新，小鸟也和着小溪的韵律在空中、树林间飞舞着，嬉戏着。 同学们，（在品味过去的快乐中，我明白了：）生命需要快乐，快乐源于给予，源于奉献。
名词性从句专项练习100题 附答案
名词性从句专项练习100题 1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.” A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she come C. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from 3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him why ________. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________. A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along 8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 9. He asked me ________ with me. A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is 10. I am sure ________ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 11. When and why he came here ________ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 12. I wonder how much ________. A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs 13. Mary is ________ someone might recognize her. A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 15. They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer. A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be done C. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that 17. I don't doubt ________ he'll come.
名词性从句讲解
表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1)从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2)从属连词whether, as, as if。如： 1. He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 2. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在 表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 (4)连接副词where, when, how, why。 What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。 This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。 (5)连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because...强调原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (That's why...强调结果) (6)解释： 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 同位语从句 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名
(完整版)高考英语【名词性从句】
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
名词性从句(2)
名词性从句（2） 1.The thing _______ we need to breathe is oxygen. A. what B. which C. as D. where 2. _______ is his own decision. A. When he goes home B. When does he go home C. When going home D. When did he go home 3. I found the book just _______ I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once. A. the same that B. the same as C. such as D. such that 4. There is nothing in the world ________ can frighten the Chinese people. A. which B. as C. at which D. that 5. I received ________ nice a gift _______ my mother promised. A. the same, as B. as, as C. such, as D. the same, that 6. It is unknown _______ did the job. A. whoever B. who C. whether D. how 7. Can you tell me ______ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to 8. ______ you get drinking water depends on _________ you live. A. That, where B. Where, where C. How, that D. Whether, when 9. It is still a question ______ we shall have our sports meet. A. why B. that C. when D. which 10. It is not yet clear _________ of those will be chosen to do the job. A. that B. whom C. which D. whose 11. _______ was a well-known fact. A. If their team was weak B. Their team was weak C. That their team being weak D. That their team was weak 12. _______ there is life on another planet is almost impossible. A. Whether B. Why C. That D. How 13. _________ nothing to do with us. A. What he has done has B. What did he do C. What he has done D. What he did is 14. Word came________ I was wanted at the office. A. whether B. that C. why D. which 15. ________ told you that was lying. A. The person B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Who 16. The town is no longer _______ it was ten years ago. A. when B. what C. that D. which 17. Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on __________ he saw and heard in Britain. A. which B. that C. all what D. what 18. We think it important _________ college students should master at least one foreign language. A. whether B. what C. that D. which 19. ________ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday. A. He is said B. It has said C. It is said D. It says 20. He always thinks ____________ he can do more for the people.