2006年考研英语一真题答案解析
2006年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates
6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is__8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19__it, “There has to be _20 _of programs. What we need is a package deal.”
1．[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2．[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
3．[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4．[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
5．[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
6．[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7．[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8．[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9．[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10．[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11．[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12．[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13．[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14．[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15．[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16．[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17．[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
18．[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19．[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20．[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首
段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。
文章首段主题句叙述到The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.无家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。
本文的中心思想为美国无家可归者的问题。
本文的中心思想为美国无家可归者的问题。
本文的中心思想为美国无家可归者的问题。
题目解析：
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 .
1．[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2．[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
1. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ____, homelessness has reached such proportions that…。“无家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。…无家可归者所占的比例已经达到如此地步，以至于…。”
选项A. indeed一般表示强调；
B. likewise 表示与前者相似；选项
C. therefore因此，强调结果；选项
D. furthermore进一步说，表示递进。
不难发现，根据前一句“make up a growing percentage”与后一句“reach such proportion that”确定后者是对前者的例证强调。因此，正确答案为A。
2. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词在定语从句中充当谓语。句子叙述到homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____. “无家可归者所占的比例已经达到地方政府都无法…的地步。”
选项A. stand 忍受；
B. cope vi.处理，忍受；
C. approve 赞成，批准；
D. retain 保留。
不难发现，句子中“such proportion that local government can’t …”提供信息确定选择“忍受，承受”之意。选项A. stand 忍受，作为及物动词在句子中要直接连接宾语，但是句子中没有宾语，因此该词不符合句子结构；选项B. cope处理，忍受，作为不及物动词，在句子中表达完整的含义；选项C. approve赞成，批准，“批准”的应该是文件，句子中提到的是无家可归者的数量问题，不能与“批准”连用；D. retain 保留，显然与“无家可归者的数量”不能构成合理的主谓关系。因此，正确答案为B。
To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
3．[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4．[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
3.词汇辨析题，本题目选择介词，选择介词与句子中的动词有直接关系。句子叙述到To help
homeless people ____ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,…. “为帮助无家可归者…独立，联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目…。”
选项A. in构成help sb. in doing 帮助某人做某事；
B. for构成help sb. for 为…而帮助某人；
C. with构成help sb. with sth. 帮助…做事；
D. toward构成help sb. toward帮助…向某个方向发展。
不难发现，句子中“help homeless people___ independence”提供信息确定选择“帮助…向某个方向发展”之意。因此，正确答案为D。
4. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，所在句子的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到the federal government must support job training programs, _____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. “联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目,…最低工资标准，资助更多低收入家庭。” 选项A. raise增加，提高；
B. add加；
C. take拿来；
D. keep保留。
不难发现，句子中“___the minimum wage”与前面的短语“support job training program 提供就业培训项目”和后面的短语“fund more low-cost housing 资助更多低收入家庭”是并列关系，是政府为无家可归者提供的服务。由此提供信息确定选择“提高”之意。选项A. raise 增加，提高，“提高最低工资标准”，符合句子含义；选项B. add加，该词指数量的增加，不符合句子含义；选项C. take拿来，该词不能与“最低工资标准”连用；选项D. keep保留，“保留最低工资标准”，虽然这个短语意义完整，但是不能与前后的政府帮助无家可归者的举动构成并列。因此，正确答案为A。
5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.
5．[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
5. 语意辨析题本题目选择副词，在句子中限定范围。句子叙述到_____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. “…每个人同意美国无家可归者的数量。”
选项A. generally 一般来说；
B. almost 几乎；选项
C. hardly 几乎不…（常用倒装）；
D. not 置于句首表示部分否定，译为“并不是…”。
不难发现，由于本题包含反义选项，而上文又没有提示，因此应先把下一句中的第6、7两题做出，本题的答案才会迎刃而解。第6题所在的语境句意为“人们对此的估计数字从六十万到三百万不等”。而第7题又说“尽管这一数字可能不同，分析家们却在另外一件事情上的确达成了一致意见”。因此，本题答案应选D. Not，本句意思为“关于美国无家可归者的数量，众说不一”。
Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is__8__.
6．[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7．[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8．[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
6. 词汇辨析题句子中的主语、宾语以及介词决定所选择的动词。句子叙述到Estimates ____ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. “估计数字…60万到3百万之间。”
选项A. cover覆盖、包括；
B. change改变、变化；
C. range在某范围中变化；
D. differ不同。
不难发现，句子中要选择动词与“from 600,000 to 3 million”构成搭配，句子提供信息确定选择“在…范围”之意。选项A. cover覆盖、包括，不能与“from…to…”构成搭配；选项B. change改变、变化，该词所指的变化是无规律的变化，当然就不涉及在范围内变化的含义；选项C. range在某范围中变化，符合语句含义；选项D. differ不同，一般组成“differ from…”短语，译为“与…不同”，不符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为C。
7. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。____ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter:… “…（人们估计的）数字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的。”
选项A. Now that既然；
B. Although虽然…但是；
C. Provided 假设；
D. Except 除去。
不难发现，本题所在的语境句中，前文中的may vary与后文中的do agree互为反义，确定二者为转折让步关系。因此，正确答案为B，句子译为“虽然（人们估计的）数字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的”。
8. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词的现在分词形式，句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is______. “虽然（人们估计的）数字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的：无家可归者的人数正在…。”
选项A. inflating 膨胀；
B. expanding发展、扩张；
C. increasing增加；
D. extending扩充、扩大。
不难发现，句子中“the number of homeless is___” 提供信息确定选择“增加，膨胀”之意。选项A. inflating 膨胀，超过既定标准（尤指通货膨胀）；选项B. expanding发展、扩张，体积增大；选项C. increasing增加，指数量增加；选项D. extending扩充、扩大，指形状变化、拉伸。因此，正确答案为C。语境句意为“无家可归者的数量一直在增加”。
One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
9．[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
9. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，句子中的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到One of the federal government’s studies ____ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. “联邦政府的一项研究…无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会达到大约1900万。”选择动词，主语和宾语提供信息确定答案。
选项A. predicts预测、预计；
B. displays展示；
C. proves证明；
D. discovers发现。
不难发现，句子中“that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. 无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会达到大约1900万。”“近十年会达到1900万”表达未来的状况，确定选择“预测”之意。因此，正确答案为A。
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street.
10．[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11．[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12．[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13．[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
10. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，句子中的宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到Finding ways to ____ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.“想办法…这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难.”
选项A. assist帮助；
B. track追踪；
C. sustain承受、支持、供养；
D. dismiss解散。
不难发现,本文前两段提出无家可归者的问题并略加分析，本段开始解决方法的探讨。句子提供信息确定选择“帮助”之意。选项A. assist帮助，“想办法帮助这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，符合文章中心；选项B. track追踪，，“想办法追踪这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，不符合句子含义；选项 C. sustain承受、支持、供养，“想办法支持这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系；选项D. dismiss解散，，“想办法帮助这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系。因此，正确答案为A。
11. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后两句的逻辑关系。句子叙述到___when homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day ___ the street. “…当无家可归者找到…能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是有很多人每天大部分时间…街头。”
选项A. Hence 因此；
B. But但是；
C. Even即使；
D. Only仅仅。
不难发现，前、后句子之间体现出让步关系。选项A. Hence 因此，表示因果关系，与本句逻辑关系不符；选项B. But但是，表示转折关系，与本句逻辑关系不符；选项C. Even 即使，表示让步关系，与本句逻辑关系相符，句子译为“当无家可归者找到地方能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是有很多人每天大部分时间流浪街头”；选项D. Only仅仅，表示递进关系，与本句逻辑关系不符。因此，正确答案为C。
12. 词汇/语法结构辨析题本题目选择名词，同时这个名词由定语从句来修饰。句子叙述到even when homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,“即使无家可归者最终能够找到一个…，可以给他们提供一日三餐和夜里睡觉的地方”。
选项A. lodging寄宿处；
B. shelter庇护所、避难所；
C. dwelling住处；
D. house房屋。
不难发现，定语从句“that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night 能够提供一日三餐和晚上睡觉的场所”确定选择“庇护所或避难所”之意。选项A. lodging寄宿处，因为无家可归者人数众多，找到寄宿的地方不合常理；选项B. shelter庇护所、避难所，符合句子含义；C. dwelling住处，指正常的居住场所，显然与无家可归者的景况不符；
D. house房屋，显然无家可归者找到正规的居家之房屋不符合常理。因此，正确答案为B。
13. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词的现在分词，在句子中充当宾语补足语。句子叙述到a good number still spend the bulk of each day__ _ the street.“很多人仍然每天大部分时间…街头。”
选项A. searching搜寻；
B. strolling漫步、闲逛；
C. crowing拥挤；
D. wandering游荡、徘徊、流浪。
不难发现，无家可归者是流浪街头的。选项A. searching 搜寻，不符合句子含义；选项B. strolling 漫步、闲逛，指悠闲自在的走，显然不符合句子含义；选项C. crowing 拥挤，该词是不及物动词，不能直接连用名词；选项D. wandering 流浪，符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为D。
Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__.
14．[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15．[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16．[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
14. C逻辑关系题本题目选择连词，体现句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到Many others,___ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___.“其他许多人，…既不吸毒，也没有精神障碍，他们却缺乏使自己生活变…的日常…技巧”选项A. when 当…时候；
B. once一旦；
C. while表示转折关系，意为“尽管”；
D. whereas表示对比关系。
不难发现，句子中“即不吸毒也不饮酒”与“缺乏日常技巧”构成转折关系。因此，正确答案为C。
15. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，句子中的宾语名词决定所选择的定语（名词）。句子叙述到simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___. “就是缺乏让自己生活变…
的…技巧”。
选项A. life生活、生命；
B. existence存在；
C. survival生存、存活；
D. maintenance维护、坚持、生活费用。
不难发现，“everyday日常的”提供信息确定是一种生活、生存技巧。尤其是过去分词短语“needed to turn their lives ___.”确定选择“生存”之意。选项A. life skills 生活技巧，指生活中的一些常识或者窍门等，与句子含义不符；选项B. existence skill存在技巧，没有该短语搭配；选项C. survival skill 生存技巧，符合句子含义；选项D. maintenance skills 维护技巧，与句子含义不符。因此，正确答案为C。
16. 固定搭配题本题目选择与turn构成的短语。句子叙述到to turn their lives ___. “使生活变….”不难发现，这里表达“出现转机”之意。选项A. around ,turn around（使）逆转、（使）出现转机；选项B. over ,turn over仔细考虑、移交；选项C. on ,turn on打开开关；选项D. up ,turn up调大、开大、出现。因此，正确答案为A。
Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless.
17．[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
17. 词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语，被修饰的名词决定所选择的定语。Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only there are ___programs that address the many needs of the homeless.“波斯顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过…规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。”选项A. complex复杂的；
B. comprehensive综合的、全面的；
C. complementary补充的、互补的；
D. compensating补偿的。
不难发现，句子中空格后面定语从句中的many一词；由于要满足无家可归者的许多要求（many needs of the homeless），所以这份计划应该是考虑周全、无所不包的。选项A. complex复杂的，“复杂的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系；选项B. comprehensive综合的、全面的，“全面的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”直接关联，符合句子含义；选项C. complementary补充的、互补的，，“互补的的计划”，句子中只提到一种计划，何谈“互补”；选项D. compensating补偿的，，“补偿的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系。因此，正确答案为B。
__18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19__it, “There has to be _20 _of programs. What we need is a package deal.”
18．[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19．[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20．[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
18. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到_____Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,
____it, “There has to be _____of programs. What we need is a package deal. 像马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任Edward Zlotkowski所…的：“各种项目必须…运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划”。
选项A. So因此（因果关系，强调结果）；
B. Since既然（因果关系）；
C. As 正如（引导非限制性定语从句，与前文表示层进关系）；
D. Thus因而（因果关系）。
不难发现，前面句子叙述到Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.“波斯顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面的规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。”本句叙述到“像马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任Edward Zlotkowski所说的…我们需要的是一揽子计划”。显然二者为层进关系，强调递进。因此，正确答案为C。
19. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子中的主语和宾语决定所选择的动词。句子叙述到Edward Blotkowsk___ it,“There has to be ___of programs. What we need is a package deal.” 提供信息确定选择“表达，说明”之意。选项A. puts口语中和正式场合宣讲是表示“说”；选项B. interprets口译，解释；选项C. assumes认为；选项D. makes 制造。因此，正确答案为A。
20. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，句子中的所有格关系决定所选名词。句子叙述到There has to be ___of programs. What we need is a package deal.“各种项目必须…运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划。”
选项A. supervision 监督、管理；
B. manipulation 操作、处理；
C. regulation 管理、调整；
D. coordination协调。
不难发现，句子中“一揽子计划”提供的信息确定选择“协调”之意。选项A. supervision 监督、管理，与句子含义不符；选项B. manipulation操作、处理，与句子含义不符；选项C. regulation管理、调整，与句子含义不符；选项D. coordination协调。综合前文中的comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless（应对无家可归者多方面需求的综合性计划）和后文中的 a package deal（一揽子交易），不难选出与此意接近的coordination。因此，正确答案为D。
全文翻译无家可归者在美国所占的比例越来越大。而且，无家可归者所占的比例已经大到地方政府都无法应对的地步。为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训项目，提高最低工资标准和资助修建更多的廉价住房。
对于美国到底有多少无家可归者，大家的意见并不一致，估计是在60万到3000万之间。尽管人们估计的数字可能各不相同，分析家们对另外一个问题的意见却是一致的：无家可归者的人数正在增长。联邦政府的一项研究预测，在目前这个十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近1900万。
想办法帮助这些越来越多的无家可归者的任务变得越来越艰巨。即使无家可归者找到了避难所，能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是会有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。部分问题在于许多无家可归的成年人都是酒鬼或者是瘾君子，而且相当多的无家可归者都有严重的精神病。还有许多人虽然不酗酒吸毒，精神也正常，但就是缺乏让自己生活好转的基本能力。《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，此局面才有可能得到改善。用马萨诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任艾德华泽洛特科瓦
斯基的话来说就是：“各种规划必须协调运作，我们需要的是一揽子计划”。
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21．The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
A. identifying
B. associating
C. assimilating
D. monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.
A. are resistant to homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American culture.
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.
D. constitute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world.
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.
A. rewarding
B. successful
C. fruitless
D. harmful
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 尽管人们对社会差异性有没完没了的争议，美国仍然是一步神奇的同化国民的机器。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” 1990年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住10年后英语说得好或很好，他们来自15个最常移民的国家。”
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” 在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土长的美国白人和黑人的通婚比例高。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks. Rodriguez注意到，世界各地住在偏远村庄的孩子是诸如阿诺德施瓦辛格和加思布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? 美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗?
不难发现，这篇文章围绕着美国的移民问题来展开。
题目解析：
21.识词题The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
选项A. identifying识别、认为……等同于、确定；
B. associating 使联合、使发生联系；
C. assimilating 使同化、吸收；
D. monopolizing 独占、垄断。
该题将识别的短语“homogenizing”在文章中定位到第一段首句In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.作为识词题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇前面出现。“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””，表达的是in
spite of引起的转折关系。因此，homogenizing应与前文中的difference构成反义，只有C. assimilating “同化”符合题意。因此答案为C。
22.细节题According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
成为普通消费者的私人商店。
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
满足有知识的精英们的需求。
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果。
该题利用定位词“the department stores of the 19th century”定位到文章第一段People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. “人们融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”。可见，the culture of consumption是由这些百货商店发起的。选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.在大众文化传播方面发挥作用，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化”直接关联；选项B. became intimate shops for common consumers.成为普通消费者的私人商店，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联；选项C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.满足有知识的精英们的需求，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联；选项D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果，与相关信息句动作“融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的消费文化，这些百货商店有幽雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为A. played a role in the spread of popular culture 在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
23.细节题The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.
选项A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化。
B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响。
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口。
该题利用定位词“immigrants”定位到文章第二段Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.“移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。”选项 A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联；选项 B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联；选项C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁，与相关信息句动作“很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”直接关联，动作“对公共文化几乎威胁”对应于“不会毒害人们”，体现“同意替换”的关系；选项D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口，与相关信息句动作“很快适
应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为C. are hardly a threat to the common culture对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
24.结构题Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
选项A. To prove their popularity around the world.
证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度。
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
表明人们对移民的恐惧。
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
给成功移民举例子。
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
该题将例子“Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks”定位到文章第五段Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”根据结构题方位论原则，找例子对应的论点句。因此，例子后面相邻的句子yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”“但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响。”是论点。选项A. To prove their popularity around the world. 证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联；选项 B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.表明人们对移民的恐惧，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联；选项C. To give examples of successful immigrants.给成功移民举例子，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”没有任何关联；选项D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.表明美国文化的巨大影响力，与相关信息句动作“担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”直接关联，动作“担心为何没有受到该国同化作用的影响”对应于“表明美国文化的巨大影响”，体现“同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. To show the powerful influence of American culture表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
25.主旨题In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.
选项A. rewarding 有益的 B. successful 成功的
C. fruitless 未果的
D. harmful 有害的
该题作为主旨题反映作者观点态度的题目，根据“方位论原则”：作者的观点体现在文章尾段的主题句或倒数第二段体现“I”的句子中。题目定位到文章尾段主题句But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.“但是，当审视美国过去的骚动时，当今的美国社会各项指标不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑暗”，体现作者的态度是美国社会当前的现状还好。因此，正确答案为B. successful 成功的。
全文翻译尽管人们对于美国社会的差异性有没完没了的争议，美国还是一部神奇的同化国民的机器。美国社会呈现出“服饰和话语趋于平民化、一致化，自在随意和尊重缺失”通俗文化的特点。人们融入了19世纪百货商店倡导的“消费文化”。与那些迎合知识精英的优雅
舒适的商店不同，这些百货商店有优雅的环境，提供各式各样的商品，不论阶层和背景如何，任何人都可以进入。从而使得购物成为一种公众的、民主的行为。而均质化的其他推动力还包括大众传媒、广告和体育。
移民很快适应了这一共同文化，虽然这种文化可能不会引人向上，但也不会毒害人们。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民既没有创新高，也不拒绝被同化，1998年移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。现在要考虑一下同化的三个指数：语言，住房所有权和通婚。
1990年的人口普查表明“绝大多数移民在美国居住10年后英语说得得好或很好，他们来自15个最常移民的国家。”而这些移民的孩子往往会说双语，精通英语。“到了第三代，大多数移民家庭都不会说他们的本国语了。”因而美国被描述为语言的墓地。到1996年，那些在外国出生，于1970年前移民美国的人拥有的房屋的比例达到75.6%，高于土生土长的美国人的房屋拥有比例，后者为69.8%。
在外国出生的亚洲人和西班牙人比土生土长的美国白人和黑人通婚比例高。到了第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给非西班牙裔男士，而41%的亚裔美国女性嫁给非亚裔人士。 Rogriguez注意到，世界各地住在偏远村庄中的孩子是诸如阿诺德·斯瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯这类超级巨星的影迷。但是一些美国人担心住在美国的一些移民却不知为何没有受到该过同化作用的影响。
美国存在分裂问题和骚动吗？没错。国家大了，就会什么东西都会有点儿。但是，当审视美国骚动的过去时，今天的各项社会指标还不能表明社会环境变得腐败黑暗。
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry---William Shakespeare---but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus---and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side---don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every
hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)－lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
C. the town is not really short of money.
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
30. From the text we can conclude that the author_____.
A. is supportive of both sides.
B. favors the townsfolk’s view.
C. takes a detached attitude.
D. is sympathetic to the RSC.
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry－William Shakespeare－but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 正如我们所
知的那样，Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚。但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构。
第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. Stratford-on-Avon可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. 但是，常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. 但该镇居民却不认可这种观点，地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。
第五段确定段落内容方向的语句是Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. 无论怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。
第六段确定段落内容方向的语句是It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. 将票价大幅度提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。
不难发现，这篇文章围绕着埃文河盘的斯特拉特福镇的唯一产业---威廉.莎士比亚：皇家莎士比亚公司和该镇居民之间的问题来展开。
题目解析：
26.推断题From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.
选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.
居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚。
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽。
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
居民在旅游业中收益很少。
该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的前两个段落的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第一段段落中间句没有转折词，段落首句Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry－William Shakespeare－but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.“正如我们所知的那样，Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚。但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构。”和第二段段首句The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.“Stratford-on-Avon可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。”选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚；但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构；居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”直接关联，动作“否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献”对应于“怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”，体现同意替换关系；选项B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚；但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构；居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联；选项C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽，与相关信息句动作“Stratford-on-Avon只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚；但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构；居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”
似乎有关联，但是选项中的“the two branches of the RSC皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构”与相关信息句中的“Stratford-on-Avon有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构”相悖，这种命题陷阱称为“瞒天过海”；选项D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.居民在旅游业中收益很少，与相关信息句动作“只有一个产业，就是威廉莎士比亚；但是在那儿有两个完全独立，敌意渐浓的分支机构；居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收”没有任何关联。综上所述，可以确定答案为A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue.居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。
27. 推断题It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.
选项A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
观光者不能单独参观Castle和the Palace。
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
观光者比看戏的人购物多。
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方。
该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的第三段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第三段The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus－and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side－don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. 从段中的主题句The playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing 可以看出，D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater. 看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方，不符合题意。[A]和[C]两项内容并未在本段提及。本段倒数第二句It is the playgoers, …pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants明确地揭示了正确答案为B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers. 看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。
28. 识词题By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.
选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
Stratford承担不起扩建计划。
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难。
C. the town is not really short of money.
该镇并不是真的资金短缺。
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.
该镇居民过去收入很低。
该题将识别的短语“Stratford cries poor traditionally”在文章中定位到第四段The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town
seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. 作为识词题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇后面出现“Nevertheless”，表达的是转折关系，因此相关信息句为Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.但是该镇的每一家宾馆似乎都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，可想而知那里会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵。从中不难看出，Stratford并非真的陷入财政困难。选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects. Stratford承担不起扩建计划，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖；选项B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties. Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”完全相悖；选项C. the town is not really short of money.该镇并不是真的资金短缺，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”直接关联，体现“同意替换”的关系；选项D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.该镇居民过去收入很低，与相关信息句动作“加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵”没有任何关联。因此，正确答案为C。
29.细节题According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.
选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
可以提高票价来弥补支出。
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
公司财政管理混乱。
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
演员的行为不被社会所接受。
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
看戏的人数量在增加。
该题利用定位词“RSC”和“subsidy”定位到文章第五段Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the RSC needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) “无论怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。（该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录。去年，该剧院1431个座位的全年上座率为94%，今年将更高。）”选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending. 可以提高票价来弥补支出，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款（该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录）”没有任何关联；选项B. the company is financially ill-managed. 公司财政管理混乱，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款（该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录）”没有任何关联；选项C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.演员的行为不被社会所接受，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款（该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录）”没有任何关联；选项D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
看戏的人数量在增加，与相关信息句动作“不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款（该剧院已经连续三年打破上座记录）”直接关联，体现“同意替换”的关系。因此，正确答案为D. the theatre attendance is on the rise. 看戏的人数量在增加。
30.推断题From the text we can conclude that the author_____.
选项A. is supportive of both sides. 支持双方。
B. favors the townsfolk’s view. 支持居民的观点。
C. takes a detached attitude. 漠不关心。
D. is sympathetic to the RSC.对RSC感到同情。
该题目作为推断题，要明确找到指定的第六段的主题句。根据“主题句---细节句原则”，第六段It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)－lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m. 段落中间没有转折词，因此段落的主题句为段首句It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.“将票价大幅度提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对Stratford最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。”shame一词体现了作者的感情色彩。因此，正确答案为D. is sympathetic to the RSC.对RSC感到同情。
全文翻译正如我们所知的那样，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福只有一个产业，那就是威廉·莎士比亚，但是那儿有两个完全独立的、敌意渐浓的分支机构。一个是皇家莎士比亚公司，它在该镇莎士比亚纪念剧院上演莎翁最好的戏剧作品。另一个是该镇居民，他们在很大程度上靠从来这儿的游客那儿赚钱为生，这些游客来这儿不是为了看戏剧，而是为了看ANNE Hathaway 的小屋，莎翁的出生地和其他景点。
斯特拉特福镇可敬的居民怀疑剧院是否给他们带来任何税收。他们坦然承认自己不喜欢RSC公司的演员，那些人留着长发，蓄着胡须，穿着便鞋，吵吵闹闹。想一想他们赖以为生的莎士比亚本人也是位演员（留着胡须），也制造噪音，就具有绝妙的讽刺意味。
游客并未完全分流。乘公交车而来的观光者通常会参观离这儿不远的沃里克城堡（Warwick Castle）和布伦海姆宫（Blenheim Palace）。他们通常不会去看戏，一些人在斯特拉特福看到剧院甚至会感到惊异。但是，常看戏的人在看戏同时的确会观光一些地方。皇家莎士比亚公司辩称，正是那些看戏的人为城镇带来大部分税收，这是因为他们在该镇过夜（有些人会呆四五个晚上），在宾馆和餐厅消费。观光客在夜幕降临之前就能看完所有景点，离开城镇。
但该镇居民却不认可这种观点，地方议政厅并不直接给皇家莎士比亚公司拨款。斯特拉
特福一直在哭穷，但是该镇的每家宾馆似乎都在加添一个侧厅或鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿正在那儿建自己的饭店，可想而知那里会有一个哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧、里尔休息厅、班柯宴会厅等等，价格将十分昂贵。
不管怎样，该镇居民不能理解皇家莎士比亚公司为什么需要拨款。（该剧院已经连续三年打破了上座率记录。去年该剧院1431个座位的全年上座率达到94%，今年将更高。）当然，原因是成本增加，而票价却很低。
将票价大幅提高很可惜，因为这会将那些对斯特拉特福最值得拥有的年轻客户赶跑。他们来这儿纯粹是为了看戏，而不是观光。他们看起来很相似（尽管他们来自世界各地），脸都瘦瘦的，尖尖的，一脸热诚，穿着仔裤和便鞋，吃圆面包，晚上睡在剧院外面的石板上，在上午10点半售票口开放时买20张座位票和80张专对这些人出售的站席票。
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.
A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.
A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
33．By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that_____.
A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.
B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
D. the data collected so far are out of date.
34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.
A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _____.
A. management efficiency
B. biomass level
C. catch-size limits
D. technological application.
文章解析：根据中心统一原则确定，
文章首段主题句是Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. 现在，类似现象（大型的生长缓慢的动物比较容易猎取，由于被捕猎而迅速灭绝）可能正在海洋中发生。第二段确定段落内容方向的语句是That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. 人类发现鱼类过度捕捞已经有些年了。
第三段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. Worm博士声称这些数字比较保守。
第四段确定段落内容方向的语句是Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. Myers博士和Worm博士指出，他们的工作确定了一个正确的基准，未来的海洋管理必须将其考虑在内。
不难发现，这篇文章围绕着海洋大型生物灭绝的问题来展开。
题目解析：
31. 结构题The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.
选项A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱。
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
由于大型动物消失所以小型动物存活下来。