主谓一致

主谓一致，简而言之，就是指谓语动词的形式与主语在人称和数上保持一致。在GMAT改错中，主谓致总是考核重点。对于主谓一致原则的熟练掌握，会使你很快排除一些选项，缩小包围，扩大命中率。本文就把GMAT语法主谓一致的分类给大家介绍下。

一、定语从句中的主谓一致：

1、名词1of名词2+that，先用逻辑关系判断出that引导的定语从句修饰名词1还是名词2，再根据名词1或名词2来判定动词的单复数形式。

2、(only/but)one of+n.[pl]+that+v.(复数)——定从修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

3、the (only) one of +n.[pl]+that+v.(单数)——定从修饰the (only) one，谓语动词用单数。

4、例句分析：

4、为了帮助大家理解这一知识点，前程百利小编为大家讲解一道例题。

With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number o f communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.

(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract

(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting

(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract

答案：C

解析：通过查找前面的名词我们发现“communities”和“Great Lakes”都是复数，所以空格部分不可能用单数谓语动词，排除A和B选项。“Great Lakes”与“their waterfronts”相对应，因为“Great Lakes”为复数，所以“their waterfront”错误，D选项排除。选项C和选项E根据简洁的原则，E选项将答案故意复杂话。所以，我们应该选择C选项。

二、倒装结构中的主谓一致：

1、在there be A and B 句型中，由靠近be 动词的A决定be 动词的数的形式

1.在完全倒装中，谓语动词的形式有谓语动词后民的主语的形式决定。

2、在部分倒装中，主语前面的助动词的形式有该主语的形式决定。

3、例题解析。

Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

The solvency of Banks is to repudiate the debts

(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is

(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are

(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are

(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be

(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

答案：A

解析：根据我们之前讲过的做题规则，分号之前的话可以忽略不读。介词加名词可以不读，两个逗号之间的插入语不对句子造成影响可以忽略不读，这时就剩下尾句的“……be the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.”谓语动词“be”的主语如果没在前面就在后面，通过分析我们知道是“the solvency”，由于“the solvency”是单数，所以我们的谓语动词选用“is”，排除选项B/C/D。选项E时间状语从句、条件状语从句不能使用将来时，if和when引导的从句后不能有will。所以选项E排除。正确答案为A。

三、主语从句作主语时的主谓一致：

1、一般谓语动词用单数，但what、who引导的主语从句含有复数意义时，谓语动词可以用复数形式。

2、例题

Many psychologists and sociologists now contend that the deliberate and even brutal aggression integral to some forms of competitive athletics increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts among crowds of spectators dominated by young adult males.

(A) increase the likelihood of imitative violence that erupts

(B) increase the likelihood that there will be an eruption of imitative violence

(C) increase the likelihood of imitative violence erupting

(D) increases the likelihood for imitative violence to erupt

(E) increases the likelihood that imitative violence will erupt

答案:E

解析：这道题目是相对比较复杂的题目，通过选项第一个单词(谓语动词increase的单复数情况)，我们判断这道题目是考察主谓一致，那么increase对应的主语是哪一个呢?显然是aggression，deliberate and even brutal修饰aggression，inte-gral to意为“与……相结合”;根据介词加名词一律不读的原则，some forms of competitive athletics忽略不读;剩下的就是aggression_____，主语为单数，所以谓语也应为单数，只能从D和E中选。D和E的差异是“for……”和“that……”的区别，likelihood不和for搭配，只能和of或that从句搭配。所以，正确答案为E。

四、主谓一致的四个规则：

1、随前一致原则。

随前一致原则就是谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。常见的结构为 A with B，其中B为伴随词，以A决定主谓。例如，“A dog with two cats comes in.”中“A dog”为主语中心，“with two cats”表示伴随，所以谓语动词与“A dog”保持一致。其它符合该原则的连词：together with, including, accompany by等。

2. 随后一致原则。

随后一致原则是指谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。常见结构为not only A but also B，其中A为伴随词，以B决定主谓。例如，“Not the dog but two cats come in.”(不是一只狗而是两只猫走了进来)中“the dog”明显就不再是主语中心，中心变成了“two cats”，所以谓语动词与“two cats”保持一致，用复数。

3. 就近原则。

就近原则就是指以靠近的名词决定主谓，常见结构，there be。例如，比较“There is a pen and two books.”和“There are two books and a pen.”两个句子中的谓语动词，大家就好理解了。其它结构：or结构等。(Is he or i…/He or I am…)

4. A and B原则。

A and B原则是指当A and B出现时，所用谓语为复数。例外情况常出现在阅读中如：

“War and peace …”“Bread and butter…”“Law and order…”上述几组词出现时，谓语均为单数。