iPazzPort 蓝牙无线键盘触摸板 KP-810-02BTT 英文说明书

iPazzPort 蓝牙无线键盘触摸板 KP-810-02BTT 英文说明书
iPazzPort 蓝牙无线键盘触摸板 KP-810-02BTT 英文说明书

各种汽车英文叫法

主题: SUV、CR-V、RAV、HRV、MPV、CUV--诠释 SUV——SUV的全称是Sport Utility Vehicle,即“运动型多用途车”,20世纪80年代起源于美国,是为迎合年轻白领阶层的爱好而在皮卡底盘上发展起来的一种厢体车。离地间隙较大,在一定的程度上既有轿车的舒适性又有越野车的越野性能。 CR-V——CR-V是本田的一款车,国产的版本叫做东风本田CR-V,取英文City Recreation Vehicle之意,即城市休闲车。 SRV——SRV的英文全称是Small Recreation Vehicle,翻译过来的意思是“小型休闲车”,一般指两厢轿车,比如上海通用赛欧SRV。 RAV——RAV源于丰田的一款小型运动型车,RAV4。丰田公司的解释是,Recreational(休闲)、Activity(运动)、Vehicle(车),缩写就成了RAV,又因为车是四轮驱动,所以又加了个4。 HRV——源于上海通用别克凯越HRV轿车,取Healthy(健康)、Recreational(休闲)、Vigorous(活力)之意,和上面的“V”不同,纯粹玩的是一个概念。 MPV——MPV的全称是Multi-Purpose Vehicle(或Mini Passenger Van),即多用途汽车。它集轿车、旅行车和厢式货车的功能于一身,车内每个座椅都可调整,并有多种组合的方式。近年来,MPV趋向于小型化,并出现了所谓的S-MPV,S是小(Small)的意思,车身紧凑,一般为5~7座。 CUV——CUV是英文Car-Based Utility Vehicle的缩写,是以轿车底盘为设计平台,融轿车、MPV和SUV特性为一体的多用途车,也被称为Crossover。CUV最初于20世纪末起源日本,之后在北美、西欧等地区流行,开始成为崇尚既有轿车驾驶感受和操控性,又有多用途运动车的功能,喜欢SUV的粗犷外观,同时也注重燃油经济性与兼顾良好的通过性的这类汽车用户的最佳选择。2004年初,欧蓝德正式投放中国市场,由此国内车市新兴起了CUV这样一个崭新的汽车设计理念。 RV——RV的全称是Recreation Vehicle,即休闲车,是一种适用于娱乐、休闲、旅行的汽车,首先提出RV汽车概念的国家是日本。RV的覆盖范围比较广泛,没有严格的范畴。从广义上讲,除了轿车和跑车外的轻型乘用车,如MPV及SUV、CUV等都可归属于RV

英语数字的表示方法972861

英语数字的表示方法 英语数字的表示方法 数词 数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。 一、数词的分类(2002.02.21)  1. 基数词 表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从11——19  eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen 都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。 C.从21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。 表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数 个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“,” 前面的数字后添加million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred ,and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.

汽车常用语英文缩写解释 (1)

新產品開發設計名詞解釋 4M Man,Machine,Material, Method 人員,機械,材料,手法AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group 汽車工業活動團體APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning 先期產品管制計劃Certif. Certification 證明 DOE Design Of Experiments 設計實驗 DFMEA Design Failure mode and effects analysis 設計不良模式影響分析DQA Design Quality Assurance 設計品質保證 DV Design Validation / Verification 設計確認 DVT Design Verification Test 設計確認檢驗 EVT Engineering Verification Test 工程確認檢驗 FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 不良模式影響分析JDM Joint Design Manufacturing 連接設計製造 KPC Key Product / Process Characteristics 關鍵特性 MFG. Manufacturing 製造業 MQA Manufacturing Quality assurance 製造品質保證 MVT Manufacturing Verification Test 製造確認檢驗 MSE Measurement System Evaluation 量測系統評估 MSA Measurement System Analysis 量測系統分析 NPD New Product Development 新產品開發 NPI New Product Introduction 新產品介紹 OBM Own Branding Manufacturing 自己設計且有品牌ODM Original Design Manufacturing 自己設計 OEM Origin Equipment Manufacturing 客戶設計只做代工PDCA Plan Do Check Action 查驗活動計劃PFMEA Process Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 產品不良模式影響分析PPAP Production Parts Approval Process 產品認可程序 SPC Statistical Process Control 製程統計控制 Tech。Technology 技術 TPM Total Productive Management / Maintenance 全面生產管理制度

plc外文翻译

1 Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1.1 Description Bit logic in structi ons work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a nu mber system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of con tacts and coils, a 1 in dicates activated or en ergized, and a 0 in dicates not activated or not en ergized. The bit logic in struct ions in terpret sig nal states of 1 and 0 and comb ine them accord ing to Boolea n logic. These comb in ati ons produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operati on ” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of fun cti ons. There are bit logic in structio ns to perform the followi ng fun cti ons: ---| |--- Normally Ope n Co ntact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Con tact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---()Output Coil ---(# )--- Midli ne Output ---|NOT|--- In vert Power Flow The followi ng in structio ns react to an RLO of 1: ---(S ) Set Coil ---(R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other in structi ons react to a positive or n egative edge tran siti on to perform the followi ng functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detectio n ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detectio n NEG Address Negative Edge Detectio n POS Address Positive Edge Detectio n

汽车系统英文缩写大全

汽车系统英文大全 A AFS:自适应照明系统主动前轮转向系统 AYC:主动偏航控制系统主动横摆控制系统 ASC:主动式稳定控制系统自动稳定和牵引力控制车轮打滑控制ABS:防抱死制动系统 ASR:防滑系统 ASL:音量自动调节系统排档自动锁定装置 AUX:音频输入端口 ADS:自适应减振系统 ACC:自适应巡航控制系统车距感应式定速巡航控制系统 AWD:全时四轮驱动系统 ACD:主动中央差速器 AMT:电子自动变速箱电控机械式自动变速器 All-Speed TCS:全速段牵引力控制系统 ACIS:电子控制进气流程系统丰田可变进气歧管系统 ABD:自动制动差速系统 AGF:亚洲吉利方程式国际公开赛 AUTO:自动切换四驱 ASC+T:自动稳定和牵引力控制系统 ABC:主动车身控制

AXCR:亚洲越野拉力赛 ARP:主动防侧翻保护 AFM:动态燃油管理系统 APEAL:新车满意度中国汽车性能、运行和设计调研AT:自动变速器 Asian festival of speed:亚洲赛车节 AOD:电子控制按需传动装置 AACN:全自动撞车通报系统 ARTS:智能安全气囊系统 AWS:后撞头颈保护系统 AIAC:奥迪国际广告大赛 AVS:适应式可变悬架系统 Audi AAA:奥迪认证轿车 ATA:防盗警报系统 ALS:自动车身平衡系统 ARS:防滑系统 ASPS:防潜滑保护系统 ASS:自适应座椅系统 AQS:空气质量系统 AVCS:主动气门控制系统 ASF:奥迪全铝车身框架结构 A-TRC:主动牵引力控制系统

AHC:油压式自动车高调整 AMG:快速换档自动变速箱 AHS2:“双模”完全混合动力系统 AI:人工智能换档控制 APRC:亚太汽车拉力锦标赛 ARTS:自适应限制保护技术系统 ACU:安全气囊系统控制单元 AP:恒时全轮驱动 AZ:接通式全轮驱动 ASM:动态稳定系统 AS:转向臂 APC:预喷量控制 Active Light Function:主动灯光功能ACE:高级兼容性设计 Audi Space Frame:奥迪全铝车身技术AWC:全轮控制系统 ASTC:主动式稳定性和牵引力控制系统B BA:紧急制动辅助系统 BEST:欧盟生物乙醇推广项目

plc外文翻译

1 Bit Logic Instructions 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic Instructions 1.1.1 Description Bit logic instructions work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a number system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of contacts and coils, a 1 indicates activated or energized, and a 0 indicates not activated or not energized. The bit logic instructions interpret signal states of 1 and 0 and combine them according to Boolean logic. These combinations produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operation” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of functions. There are bit logic instructions to perform the following functions: ---| |--- Normally Open Contact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Contact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---( ) Output Coil ---( # )--- Midline Output ---|NOT|--- Invert Power Flow The following instructions react to an RLO of 1: ---( S ) Set Coil ---( R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other instructions react to a positive or negative edge transition to perform the following functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detection ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detection NEG Address Negative Edge Detection POS Address Positive Edge Detection

最新英语数字表达方式汇总

英语数字表达方式汇总 数词:主要分为基数词和序数词两类。 一、数词的分类 (4类-只有40相关的写法为forty,9类只有第九写作ninth) 1. 基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。 C.从21——99 整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数 个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。【and 读作【n】】 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。 G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 She died of lung cancer in forties. 她四十来岁时死于肺癌。

汽车英文缩写的含义

Quattro-全时四轮驱动系统 Tiptronic-轻触子-自动变速器Multitronic-多极子-无级自动变速器ABC-车身主动控制系统 DSC-车身稳定控制系统 VSC-车身稳定控制系统 TRC-牵引力控制系统 TCS-牵引力控制系统 ABS-防抱死制动系统 ASR-加速防滑系统 BAS-制动辅助系统 DCS-车身动态控制系统 EBA-紧急制动辅助系统 EBD-电子制动力分配系统 EDS-电子差速锁 ESP-电子稳定程序系统 HBA-液压刹车辅助系统 HDC-坡道控制系统 HAC-坡道起车控制系统 DAC-下坡行车辅助控制系统 A-TRC--车身主动循迹控制系统 SRS-双安全气囊 SAHR-主动性头枕 GPS-车载卫星定位导航系统 i-Drive--智能集成化操作系统Dynamic、Drive-主动式稳定杆 R-直列多缸排列发动机 V-V型汽缸排列发动机 B-水平对置式排列多缸发动机 WA-汪克尔转子发动机 W-W型汽缸排列发动机 Fi-前置发动机(纵向) Fq-前置发动机(横向) Mi-中置发动机(纵向) Mq-中置发动机(横向) Hi-后置发动机(纵向) Hq-后置发动机(横向) OHV-顶置气门,侧置凸轮轴 OHC-顶置气门,上置凸轮轴 DOHC-顶置气门,双上置凸轮轴 CVTC-连续可变气门正时机构 VVT-i--气门正时机构 VVTL-i--气门正时机构 V-化油器

ES-单点喷射汽油发动机 EM-多点喷射汽油发动机 SDi-自然吸气式超柴油发动机 TDi-Turbo直喷式柴油发动机 ED-缸内直喷式汽油发动机 PD-泵喷嘴 D-柴油发动机(共轨) DD-缸内直喷式柴油发动机 缸内直喷式发动机(分层燃烧/均质燃烧) TA-Turbo(涡轮增压) NOS-氧化氮气增压系统 MA-机械增压 FF-前轮驱动 FR-后轮驱动 Ap-恒时全轮驱动 Az-接通式全轮驱动 ASM 动态稳定系统 AYC主动偏行系统 ST-无级自动变速器 AS-转向臂 QL-横向摆臂 DQL-双横向摆臂 LL-纵向摆臂 SL-斜置摆臂 ML-多导向轴 SA-整体式车桥 DD-德迪戎式独立悬架后桥 VL-复合稳定杆式悬架后桥 FB-弹性支柱 DB-减震器支柱 BF-钢板弹簧悬挂 SF-螺旋弹簧悬挂 DS-扭力杆 GF-橡胶弹簧悬挂 LF-空气弹簧悬挂 HP-液气悬架阻尼 HF-液压悬架 QS-横向稳定杆 S-盘式制动 Si-内通风盘式制动 T-鼓式制动 SFI-连续多点燃油喷射发动机 FSI-直喷式汽油发动机 PCM - 动力控制模块~

PLC英文翻译

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) 1 。About Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) PLCs (programmable logic controllers) are the control hubs for a wide variety of automated systems and processes. They contain multiple inputs and outputs that use transistors and other circuitry to simulate switches and relays to control equipment. They are programmable via software interfaced via standard computer interfaces and proprietary languages and network options. Programmable logic controllers I/O channel specifications include total number of points, number of inputs and outputs, ability to expand, and maximum number of channels. Number of points is the sum of the inputs and the outputs. PLCs may be specified by any possible combination of these values. Expandable units may be stacked or linked together to increase total control capacity. Maximum number of channels refers to the maximum total number of input and output channels in an expanded system. PLC system specifications to consider include scan time, number of instructions, data memory, and program memory. Scan time is the time required by the PLC to check the states of its inputs and outputs. Instructions are standard operations (such as math functions) available to PLC software. Data memory is the capacity for data storage. Program memory is the capacity for control software. Available inputs for programmable logic controllers include DC, AC, analog, thermocouple, RTD, frequency or pulse, transistor, and interrupt inputs. Outputs for PLCs include DC, AC, relay, analog, frequency or pulse, transistor, and triac. Programming options for PLCs include front panel, hand held, and computer. Programmable logic controllers use a variety of software programming languages for control. These include IEC 61131-3, sequential function chart (SFC), function block diagram (FBD), ladder diagram (LD), structured text (ST), instruction list (IL), relay ladder logic (RLL), flow chart, C, and Basic. The IEC 61131-3 programming environment provides support for five languages specified by the global standard: Sequential Function Chart, Function Block Diagram,

汽车行业英文缩写2讲解

OTS=off tooling samples 即全工装状态下非节拍生产条件下制造出来的样件.用于验证产品的设计能力.(用于验证设计出来的产品是否符合客户要求,同时也是对生产工装的验证) 同时OTS也可以叫模具样品。 LH 要求汇总书(一个项目的所有资料) TPB 产品技术描述(图纸、技术供货条件等等) DKM 数据控制模型(汽车形状1:1的基准样车) P P认可=计划认可(决定投入批量生产) B B认可=采购认可(对生产手段的投资认可) D D认可=零件生产和供应认可(为零批量) BMG 产品工程性能认可 EM 进行首批样件检验的首批样件,首批样件检验也称首批样件认可。 EMPB EMPB=首批样件检验报告(供货商对其样件检验的文件) 2TP 两日生产(供货厂的批量预生产,用来验证批量能力) PVS 生产试制批量 0S 零批量(在批量生产条件下的总演习) SF 批量认可(对批量生产的产品认可) EPF (批量供货)计划认可 KAF 集团路试验收(质量方面的批量认可) SOP 生产启动(批量生产启动) ME 市场导入(提供给销售商) CAD 计算机辅助设计 COP 沿用件(与先前车型通用的零件) CKD 全部拆散 SKD 部分拆散 HT 自制件 KT 外购件(外部供货厂生产的零件) KD 售后服务 OTS 用批量生产的模具生产的零件 TE 技术开发部 PE (合资厂中的)产品工程部 TL 技术供货条件 TS 产品零件表 ZP 检查点 ZSB 总成 AEKO (产品)改动的控制组织转载请注明出自六西格玛品质论坛https://www.360docs.net/doc/b22339132.html,/cdb/,

OSM- Outside of Material OTC Over The Counter 非处方药,可在柜台上卖的药PA Program Approval pallet n. 托盘 Passenger Vehicle 乘用车 PAT- Program Attributes Team 产品属性小组 PDL Product Design Letter PH Proportions&Hardpoints

英语数字表达方式大全

英语数字表达方式大全 0 nought;zero; 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 22 twenty-two 23 twenty-three 30 thirty 32 thirty-two 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred 101 one hundred and one 156 one hundred and fifty-six 192 one hundred and ninty-two 200 two hundred 300 three hundred 400 four hundred 500 five hundred 600 six hundred 700 seven hundred 800 eight hundred 900 nine hundred 1,000 one thousand 1,001 one thousand and one 1,300 thirteen hundred;one thousand and three hundred 2,000 two thousand 2,034 two thousand and thirty-four 6,502 six thousand five hundred and two 38,000 thirty-eight thousand 45,672 forty-five thousand six hundred and seventy-two 500,000 five hundred thousand 1,000,000 one million 3,123,400 three million,one hundred and twenty-three thousand and four hundred 8,000,000 eight million 47,000,000 forty-seven million

PLC-外文文献+翻译

Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. 1.History The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed. Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay. In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner. One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84

电气PLC英文翻译英文资料DCS&PLC Which Is Better For You

You must automate a process, but you can't decide between a DCS and a PLC. Are these systems really all that different? The answers depend on a slew of other questions. turn the clock back 10 years: The programmable logic controller (PLC) is king of machine control while the distributed control system (DCS) dominates process control. If you manufacture plastic widgets, you speak PLC. If you produce chemicals, you speak DCS. Today, the two technologies share kingdoms as the functional lines between them continue to blur. We now use each where the other used to rule. However, PLCs still dominate high-speed machine control, and DCSs prevail in complex continuous processes. The early DCS looked dramatically different from the early PLC (Fig. 1, original article). Initially, the DCS performed the control functions of the analog panel instruments it replaced, and its interface mimicked their panel displays. DCSs then gained sequence logic capabilities to control batch processes as well as continuous ones. DCSs performed hundreds of analog measurements and controlled dozens of analog outputs, using multi-variable Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. With the same 8-bit microprocessor technology that gave rise to the DCS, PLCs began replacing conventional relay/solid-state logic in machine control. PLCs dealt with contact input/output (I/O) and started/stopped motors by performing Boolean logic calculations. Fig. 2 (original article ) gives a Venn-diagrammatic picture of the situation, which is still changing as PLC and DCS vendors adapt to "soft" PLC technology and "smart" bus-connected field devices. The big change in DCS over the past 20 years is its move from proprietary hardware to the personal computer (PC) and standard LAN technologies. With each advance in PC power, DCSs have moved up in power. PCs gave us speedy, responsive, multi-media, windowed, operator-process interfaces (OPI). Relational databases and spreadsheet software enhance the ability of DCSs to store and manipulate data. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology gives us "smart" alarming. Today's DCS architecturally looks much like the DCS of 20 years ago, but tomorrow's DCS may control through networked "smart" devices-with no I/O hardware of its own. The sidebar (original article) shows DCS features that differentiate it from the PLC. Most DCSs offer redundant controllers, networks, and I/Os. Most give you "built-in" redundancy and diagnostic features, with no need for user-written logic. DCSs allow centralized configuration from the operator or engineering console in the

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