计算机外文文献+翻译(.net)
东北石油大学本科毕业设计英文文献及翻译
学院计算机与信息技术学院班级计科07-1班
学号070702140124
姓名王东
指导教师袁文翠
职称副教授
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 技术
1.构建https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 和https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,结构
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面中使用语言。
.NET类库
假想你是微软。假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如Visual Basic 、C# 和C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的方法。
此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和条件语句。即使用Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。
最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。举例来说，整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。
对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。
.NET类库不完全是那样。它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。举例来说，.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。除此之外，它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。
.NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如：字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。
最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面的类。然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。
理解命名空间
正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。它包含数以千计的类(超过3,400) 。
幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。
ASP Classic Note
在先前的ASP中，你仅仅能够访问五个标准类。相比之下https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 提供超过3,400个类!
一个命名空间包含一组逻辑的类。举例来说，涉及到与文件系统协同工作的类就集合在System.IO 命名空间中。
命名空间被组织成一个层次结构(一棵逻辑树) 。树根就是SYSTEM 命名空间。这个命名空间包含基本的数据类型的所有的类,例如：字符串、数组，还包含提供随机数字和日期的类。
你通过完整的类的命名空间能唯一识别任何的类在.NET framework中的位置。举例来说,指定找到一个the File class 类，按如下操:
System.IO.文件
System.IO指命名空间，而文件指定特定的类。
提示
你能够浏览.NET Framework所有的标准类的命名空间。通过.NET Framework 的参考文档可以浏览类库。
标准的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 命名空间
在默认情况下，在你的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面中，类被包含在一个选定的命名空间中这些默认的命名空间使你在https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,中最常用到的。
System 命名空间- 包含所有的基本数据类型和其他有用的类，例如：那些关于产生随机数字和日期的类。
System.Collections命名空间- 包含的类是标准的集合类，例如：哈希表，数组列表。
System.Collections.Specialized 命名空间- 包含特殊的集合类，例如：连接列表和字符串集合。
System.Configuration 命名空间- 包括Web.config files类。
System.Text命名空间-包含编码，解码和操作字符串内容的类。
System.Text.RegularExpressions命名空间- 包含的是匹配正则表达式和替代操作类。
System.Web 命名空间-工作在万维网方面包含的是浏览器请求和服务器响应的
类。
System.Web.Caching 命名空间- 包含页面缓冲内容和自定义缓冲操作的类。
System.Web.Security命名空间- 包含执行验证和授权，例如：窗体和密码验证的类。
System.Web.SessionState命名空间- 包含执行保存状态的类。
System.Web.UI命名空间- 包含构建https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面的用户接口的类。
System.Web.UI.HTMLControls命名空间- 包含HTML 控件的类。
System.Web.UI.WebControls命名空间- 包含Web控件的类。
.NET Framework -可用的语言
这一本书的目的, 你将会为以Visual Basic 作为你的编程语言来完成你的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页写程序编写。它是https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面的默认语言。虽然你在这一本书中一直用Visual Basic, 但是，你也需要了解用其它的支持公共语言库的语言创建https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面。除此之外，这包括C#, https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,和C++ 。
提示
本书所含的光碟包含C# 源代码。
除微软之外的公司产生的几十个其他的语言已经能够和.NET framework兼容。这些其他的语言的一些例子包括Python、SmallTalk 、Eiffel和COBOL。这就意味着假如你真的想, 你可以使用COBOL 写https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面。
不管你使用什么语言开发https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面，你需要明白https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,在执行前必须编译，这就意味着https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,执行速度非常快。
你第一次请求https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面, 页面被编译成一个.NET类, 这个类文件被保存在一个特殊的目录下这个目录的名字叫Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files。对于一个https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面一个通信类文件出现在Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files目录下。以后不管任何时候你请求那个同样的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面，那个通信类文件就会执行。
当https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面被编译的时候，它没被直接地被编译成机器码而是被编译成了一个中间语言，名字叫(MSIL)所有.NET可用的语言都被编译成这种中间语言。
一个https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面不会被编译成本地机器码直到它被一个浏览器访问，在那个时间点包含在Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files目录下的类文件用JIT编译器编译并且执行。
这些迷惑的方面体现在整个过程都在后台运行，你必须要做的是用资源代码为你的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面创建一个文本文件。.NET framework 为你处理完转换它为编译码这一困难工作。
典型ASP提示
VBScript 怎么样呢? 在https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 之前，VBScript 是开发动态页面最流行的语言。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 不支持VBScript ，而且这是好消息。Visual Basic 是一个VBScript 的超集,意味着Visual Basic 相对于VBScript有更多的功能。因此, 你用Visual Basic 有更丰富的函数和语句供你使用。
此外，不像VBScript ，Visual Basic 是一种被编译的语言。这意味着如果你使用Visual Basic 重写相同的VBScript代码感觉会更容易一些。
假如你过去只用VBScript而不用Visual Basic，也不用担心。因为VBScript 如此接近Visual Basic, 你将会发现在这二种语言之间的转变是很容易的。
提示
在.NET framework中，微软包括一个名叫IL Disassembler的有趣的工具。在临时的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,文件目录中你能使用这个工具查看没有装配的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 类的代码。它列出了类的所有方法和属性使你能够浏览中间代码。
正如在这章讨论的这个工具也可以用于操作https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,控件。举例来说，你能使用IL Disassembler 浏览TextBox 控件的中间代码。(位于在一个叫做System.Web.dll 的文件中)
介绍https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件为你的Web应用程序提供动态和交互的用户接口。这些控件能够使你的网站的使用者看见和交互。举例来说，你能使用控件建立HTML 窗体元素，交互式日历, 而且可以滚动标题广告。
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件和HTML 内容共存。典型地，你用通常的HTML 创建你的网页的静态区域和用https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件创建网页的动态区域。
了解https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件是怎么工作的？最好的方法是看一个简单的Web应用窗体页面。
添加https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面的代码
第二个难点就是https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面的代码，他是确切的页面的程序代码,在你添加的程序用户处理控件也页面事件。
如果一个使用者单击HTML窗体中的Button按钮，举例来说，那个按钮就会响应一个事件(单击事件) 。典型地，你想添加代码响应这个事件到页面中。举例来说，当某人单击Button按钮控件的时候，你可以保存窗体数据到一个文件或者数据库。
控件不是唯一的能相应事件的事物。当它被请求的时候一个https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 页面每次都能够响应几个事件。举例来说，每当你请求一个页面，页面的初始化事件就会被触发。每当初始化事件发生的时候，你能够添加代码到页面中来执行。
2. 用Web服务器控件创建窗体
构建灵活窗体
你用几个基本Web控件来代替标准的HTML 窗体元素，例如radio buttons、text boxes, and list boxes. 你能够用这些控件为你的Web应用程序在你的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面中创建用户界面。下面的部分为这些Web控件提供了详细的提纲和程序源代码。
控制页面浏览
在下列的部分中，你学会如何控制一个用户从一个https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面转到另一个页面。首先，你学会怎么把一个HTML窗体链接到另一个页面来获取信息。下一步，你学会用Redirect()方法自动让一个用户浏览一个新的页面。最后，你学会用超级链接控件怎么把页面连在一起。
对控件应用格式
在下列的部分中，你学会该如何创建更有吸引力的Web窗体。首先，你浏览一下针对所有Web控件格式属性他们是基本控件类的格式属性。然后，你学会在Web 控件上应用样式表风格。
3. 用验证控件做页面验证
使用客户端验证
传统地，当增加验证到他们的页面中时，他们会面临一个严峻的选择。你可以添加窗体页面验证规则到你的服务器端代码，或者是添加验证规则到你的客户端代码。
写验证代码到客户端代码中的优势能够及时反馈到你的用户。举例来说，一个使用者忽略在一个要求检验的字段中输入一个值，你能够及时的显示一个错误信息而不需要返回到服务器端解决。
人们喜欢客户端的验证。它看起来很棒而且产生一种比较好的效果。然而，问
题是它不与所有的浏览器兼容。不是所有的浏览器支持JavaScript、不同版本的浏览器的不同版本支持JavaScript，所以客户端验证没有保障。
由于这个原因，许多开发者在过去决定添加自定义验证到服务器端。因为服务器端代码能够和任何浏览器协同工作。就这样的做法更有安全的保障。
幸运地，正如在章节讨论的这些验证控件不会强迫你做困难的选择。这些验证控件会自动地产生客户端代码和服务器端代码。如果一个浏览器有能力支持JavaScript ，客户端的验证脚本将会自动返回到浏览器。如果一个浏览器不支持JavaScript，那个验证规则会自动在服务器端代码中执行。
然而你需要注意的是，客户端的验证仅仅能够工作在IE4.0或更高的版本。尤其，正如这一章讨论的客户端脚本不可能在任意本本的浏览器中运行。
控制字段: RequiredFieldValidator 控件
你用这个控件来检查在一个Web窗体中是否为空，典型地，你和TextBox 控件一起使用这个控件。然而，这个控件也可以用在其他的输入型控件，例如：RadioButtonList.控件。
验证表达式: RegularExpressionValidator 控件
你能使用RegularExpressionValidator 控件来验证输入的值是否和定义的正则表达式相匹配。例如：你能使用这控件来检查一个用户是否输入一个合法的电子邮件地址，电话号码，用户名或密码。怎样用一个正则表达式来完成这些验证任务将会在下面的例子中一一列出。
比较值: CompareValidator 控件
这个CompareValidator 控件用于比较一个输入的数据和另外一个值是否相同。另外一个值可能是固定值，例如：一个特定的数字或者是输入到另一个控件中的一个值。
总结错误: ValidationSummary 控件
假想一个页面有50个字段假如你仅仅用上部分讨论的那些验证控件来显示错误看见一个错误在页面中将是很难的。例如：你可能需要滚动到第48个页面字段来找到这个错误信息。
幸好，微软除了包含上面提到的控件还包括ValidationSummary 控件。你能用这控件综合所有的错误信息在一个页面的上端或者你想要的任何一个地方。
4. 先进的控件编程
保存浏览状态
默认地，几乎所有的https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 控件都会在先前的窗体中保留他们的属性值。举例来说，如果你输入文本到一个Lebel标签上然后提交那个页面，当那个页面再次被访问那个Lebel标签的内容将会被保存下来。
浏览状态的妙处是它不依赖任何的特定服务器或浏览器的属性。尤其，它不依赖cookies, session变量、或应用程序变量。浏览状态在一个名叫做VIEWSTATE的隐藏页面中执行，这个隐藏页面自动创建每个Web窗体。
当灵活的应用时, 浏览状态能够在你的网站中产生艺术性的和积极的效果，例如：如果你在一个支持浏览状态的控件中显示数据库数据，你不需要每次都返回到需要反馈到服务器的数据库页面。你能够自动地保存页面里的数据状态。
显示和隐藏内容
假想你正在用一个可选择的部分创造页面。举例来说，假想你正在创造一种在线纳税系统，而且你想要显示或者隐藏一个包含适用于已婚的税文件编档员的问题的部分。
或者, 假想你想要添加一个帮助按钮到网站上去。你可能想要隐藏或者显示完成依靠用户参考的问题的详细说明。
最后，假想你想要把一个tax form 变成很多页面，以便一个人每次只看那个tax form的一部分。
在下列的部分中，你学会用属性设置在一个窗体中来隐藏或显示控件。你学会用单个控件和一组控件设置Visible and Enabled属性来隐藏和显示页面内容。
使用Visible and Enabled属性
每个控件,包括HTML 和Web控件,有一个Visible属性来决定那个控件是否可见。当一个控件的Visible是false值，那个控件就不会在页面上显示；那个控件也不会进一步运行。
Web控件(不是每个HTML 控件) 还有一个叫Enabled的属性。当Enabled的属性是false值，你用的浏览器是IE4.0或更高的版本那个控件被封住了，也不起作用了，当用其他的浏览器的时候，如：网景浏览器那个控件不会被封，但它也是不起作用的。
使浏览状态失效
在特定的环境中，你可能想要对一个单独的控件或https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,页面作为一个整体的
浏览状态失效。举例来说, 你可能使用一个有包含许多数据的控件.(假想一个RadioButtonList 控件控制1,000 个选项)假如你担心页面数据会大大的降低页面的显示速度，你可能不想要加载数据到隐藏的VIEWSTATE页面字段。
使用丰富页面的控件
在下列的部分中，你学会在https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Framework怎样使用三种特征控件。学会该如何使用日历控件显示交互式日历，AdRotator控件显示滚动的广告，HTMLInputFile 控件来接受文件的上传。
麦克唐纳、兹普兹塔著
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 3.5高级程序设计(第2版)
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Technique
1. Building https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Pages
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, and the .NET Framework
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages.
The .NET Framework Class Library
Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings.
Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same.
Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same.
Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language?
The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes
for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols.
The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.
Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages.
Understanding Namespaces
As you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.
ASP Classic Note
In previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,, in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!
A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.
The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times.
You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following:
System.IO.File
System.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class.
NOTE
You can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework.
Standard https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Namespaces
The classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, applications: System—Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.
System.Collections—Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists.
System.Collections.Specialized—Contains classes that represent specialized collections such as linked lists and string collections.
System.Configuration—Contains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files).
System.Text—Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings.
System.Text.RegularExpressions—Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations.
System.Web—Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses.
System.Web.Caching—Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations.
System.Web.Security—Contains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication.
System.Web.SessionState— Contains classes for implementing session state.
System.Web.UI—Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages.
System.Web.UI.HTMLControls— Contains the classes for the HTML controls.
System.Web.UI.WebControls— Contains the classes for the Web controls.
.NET Framework-Compatible Languages
For purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages by using any language that supports
the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,, and the Managed Extensions to C++.
NOTE
The CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples.
Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages using COBOL.
Regardless of the language that you use to develop your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages, you need to understand that https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages can execute very quickly.
The first time you request an https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files. For each and every https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files directory. Whenever you request the same https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed.
When an https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language.
An https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed.
The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you.
ASP CLASSIC NOTE
What about VBScript? Before https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,, VBScript was the most popular language for developing Active Server Pages.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic.
Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance.
If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages.
NOTE
Microsoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, classes in the Temporary https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code.
This tool also works with all the https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll).
Introducing https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Controls
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls.
The best way to understand how https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page.
Adding Application Logic to an https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, Page
The second building block of an https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events.
If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database.
Controls are not the only things that can raise events. An https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page itself raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs.
2. Building Forms with Web Server Controls
Building Smart Forms
You use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls.
Controlling Page Navigation
In the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control.
Applying Formatting to Controls
In the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls.
3. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls
Using Client-side Validation
Traditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code.
The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server.
People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work.
For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer.
Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code.
You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator.
Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator Control
You use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList.
Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator Control
You can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections.
Comparing Values: The CompareValidator Control
The CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control.
Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary Control
Imagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message.
Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want.
4. Advanced Control Programming
Working with View State
By default, almost all https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, controls retain the values of their properties between form posts. For example, if you assign text to a Label control and submit the form, when the page is rendered again, the contents of the Label control are preserved.
The magic of view state is that it does not depend on any special server or browser properties. In particular, it does not depend on cookies, session variables, or application variables. View state is implemented with a hidden form field called VIEWSTATE that is automatically created in every Web Forms Page.
When used wisely, view state can have a dramatic and positive effect on the performance of your Web site. For example, if you display database data in a control that has view state enabled, you do not have to return to the database each time the page is posted back to the server. You can automatically preserve the data within the page's view state between form posts.
Displaying and Hiding Content
Imagine that you are creating a form with an optional section. For example, imagine that you are creating an online tax form, and you want to display or hide a section that contains questions that apply only to married tax filers.
Or, imagine that you want to add an additional help button to the tax form. You might want to hide or display detailed instructions for completing form questions depending on a user's preferences.
Finally, imagine that you want to break the tax form into multiple pages so that a person views only one part of the tax form at a time.
In the following sections, you learn about the properties that you can use to hide and display controls in a form. You learn how to use the Visible and Enabled properties with individual controls and groups of controls to hide and display page content.
Using the Visible and Enabled Properties
Every control, including both HTML and Web controls, has a Visible property that determines whether the control is rendered. When a control's Visible property has the value False, the control is not displayed on the page; the control is not processed for either pre-rendering or rendering.
Web controls (but not every HTML control) have an additional property named Enabled. When Enabled has the value False and you are using Internet Explorer version 4.0 or higher, the control appears ghosted and no longer functions. When used with other browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, the control might not appear ghosted, but it does not function.
Disabling View State
In certain circumstances, you might want to disable view state for an individual control or for an https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, page as a whole. For example, you might have a control that contains a lot of data (imagine a RadioButtonList control with 1,000 options). You might not want to load the data into the hidden __VIEWSTATE form field if you are worried that the form data would significantly slow down the rendering of the page.
Using Rich Controls
In the following sections, you learn how to use three of the more feature-rich controls in the https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, framework. You learn how to use the Calendar control to display interactive calendars, the AdRotator control to display rotating banner advertisements, and the HTMLInputFile control to accept file uploads.
McDonald, Zipuzita the
Advanced https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, 3.5 Programming (2nd Edition)
关于力的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with
计算机专业毕业设计说明书外文翻译(中英对照)
Talking about security loopholes Richard S. Kraus reference to the core network security business objective is to protect the sustainability of the system and data security, This two of the main threats come from the worm outbreaks, hacking attacks, denial of service attacks, Trojan horse. Worms, hacker attacks problems and loopholes closely linked to, if there is major security loopholes have emerged, the entire Internet will be faced with a major challenge. While traditional Trojan and little security loopholes, but recently many Trojan are clever use of the IE loophole let you browse the website at unknowingly were on the move. Security loopholes in the definition of a lot, I have here is a popular saying: can be used to stem the "thought" can not do, and are safety-related deficiencies. This shortcoming can be a matter of design, code realization of the problem. Different perspective of security loo phole s In the classification of a specific procedure is safe from the many loopholes in classification. 1. Classification from the user groups: ● Public loopholes in the software category. If the loopholes in Windows, IE loophole, and so on. ● specialized software loophole. If Oracle loopholes, Apach e,
概率论毕业论文外文翻译
Statistical hypothesis testing Adriana Albu，Loredana Ungureanu Politehnica University Timisoara,adrianaa@aut.utt.ro Politehnica University Timisoara,loredanau@aut.utt.ro Abstract In this article,we present a Bayesian statistical hypothesis testing inspection, testing theory and the process Mentioned hypothesis testing in the real world and the importance of, and successful test of the Notes. Key words Bayesian hypothesis testing; Bayesian inference;Test of significance Introduction A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making decisions using data, whether from a controlled experiment or an observational study (not controlled). In statistics, a result is called statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, according to a pre-determined threshold probability, the significance level. The phrase "test of significance" was coined by Ronald Fisher: "Critical tests of this kind may be called tests of significance, and when such tests are available we may discover whether a second sample is or is not significantly different from the first."[1] Hypothesis testing is sometimes called confirmatory data analysis, in contrast to exploratory data analysis. In frequency probability,these decisions are almost always made using null-hypothesis tests. These are tests that answer the question Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of observing a value for the test statistic that is at [] least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?) 2 More formally, they represent answers to the question, posed before undertaking an experiment,of what outcomes of the experiment would lead to rejection of the null hypothesis for a pre-specified probability of an incorrect rejection. One use of hypothesis testing is deciding whether experimental results contain enough information to cast doubt on conventional wisdom. Statistical hypothesis testing is a key technique of frequentist statistical inference. The Bayesian approach to hypothesis testing is to base rejection of the hypothesis on the posterior probability.[3][4]Other approaches to reaching a decision based on data are available via decision theory and optimal decisions. The critical region of a hypothesis test is the set of all outcomes which cause the null hypothesis to be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis. The critical region is usually denoted by the letter C. One-sample tests are appropriate when a sample is being compared to the population from a hypothesis. The population characteristics are known from theory or are calculated from the population.
计算机专业英语名词(缩写及翻译)
AAT（Average access time，平均存取时间） ABS（Auto Balance System，自动平衡系统） AM（Acoustic Management，声音管理） ASC（Advanced Size Check，高级尺寸检查） ASMO（Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical，增强形光学存储器） AST（Average Seek time，平均寻道时间） ATA（Advanced Technology Attachment，高级技术附加装置）ATOMM（Advanced super Thin-layer and high-Output Metal Media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体） BBS（BIOS Boot Specification，基本输入/输出系统启动规范） BPI（Bit Per Inch，位/英寸） bps（bit per second，位/秒） bps（byte per second，字节/秒） CAM（Common Access Model，公共存取模型） CF（CompactFlash Card，紧凑型闪存卡） CHS（Cylinders、Heads、Sectors，柱面、磁头、扇区） CSS（Common Command Set，通用指令集） DBI（dynamic bus inversion，动态总线倒置） DIT（Disk Inspection Test，磁盘检查测试） DMA（Direct Memory Access，直接内存存取） DTR（Disk Transfer Rate，磁盘传输率） EIDE（enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics，增强形电子集成驱动器）eSATA（External Serial ATA，扩展型串行ATA） FDB（fluid-dynamic bearings，动态轴承） FAT（File Allocation T ables，文件分配表） FC（Fibre Channel，光纤通道） FDBM（Fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达） FDB（Fluid Dynamic Bearing，非固定动态轴承） FDC（Floppy Disk Controller，软盘驱动器控制装置） FDD（Floppy Disk Driver，软盘驱动器） GMR（giant magnetoresistive，巨型磁阻） HDA（Head Disk Assembly，头盘组件） HiFD（high-capacity floppy disk，高容量软盘） IDE（Integrated Drive Electronics，电子集成驱动器） IPEAK SPT（Intel Performance Evaluation and Analysis Kit - Storage Performance Toolkit，英特尔性能评估和分析套件- 存储性能工具包）JBOD（Just a Bunch Of Disks，磁盘连续捆束阵列） LBA（Logical Block Addressing，逻辑块寻址） MR（Magneto-resistive Heads，磁阻磁头） MBR（Master Boot Record，主引导记录） ms（Millisecond，毫秒） MSR（Magnetically induced Super Resolution，磁感应超分辨率）MTBF（Mean Time Before Failure，平均无故障时间） NQC（Native Queuing Command，内部序列命令）
计算机专业外文文献及翻译
微软Visual Studio 1微软Visual Studio Visual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE，它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。 Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。 Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,（通过Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html,），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。它也支持的 XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和CSS.为特定用户提供服务的Visual Studio也是存在的：微软Visual Basic，Visual J＃、Visual C＃和Visual C++。 微软提供了“直通车”的Visual Studio 2010组件的Visual Basic和Visual C＃和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何费用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005专业版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定语言版本（Visual Basic、C++、C＃、J＃），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。 2架构 Visual Studio不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。IDE提供三项服务：SVsSolution，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它处理VS压缩包的注册。此外，IDE还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器，设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio 使用COM访问VSPackage。在Visual Studio SDK中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CLI兼容的语言的任何围绕COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM 功能。
10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译
在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.
计算机专业外文文献翻译6
外文文献翻译（译成中文2000字左右）： As research laboratories become more automated,new problems are arising for laboratory managers.Rarely does a laboratory purchase all of its automation from a single equipment vendor. As a result,managers are forced to spend money training their users on numerous different software packages while purchasing support contracts for each. This suggests a problem of scalability. In the ideal world,managers could use the same software package to control systems of any size; from single instruments such as pipettors or readers to large robotic systems with up to hundreds of instruments. If such a software package existed, managers would only have to train users on one platform and would be able to source software support from a single vendor. If automation software is written to be scalable, it must also be flexible. Having a platform that can control systems of any size is far less valuable if the end user cannot control every device type they need to use. Similarly, if the software cannot connect to the customer’s Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) database,it is of limited usefulness. The ideal automation software platform must therefore have an open architecture to provide such connectivity. Two strong reasons to automate a laboratory are increased throughput and improved robustness. It does not make sense to purchase high-speed automation if the controlling software does not maximize throughput of the system. The ideal automation software, therefore, would make use of redundant devices in the system to increase throughput. For example, let us assume that a plate-reading step is the slowest task in a given method. It would make that if the system operator connected another identical reader into the system, the controller software should be able to use both readers, cutting the total throughput time of the reading step in half. While resource pooling provides a clear throughput advantage, it can also be used to make the system more robust. For example, if one of the two readers were to experience some sort of error, the controlling software should be smart enough to route all samples to the working reader without taking the entire system offline. Now that one embodiment of an ideal automation control platform has been described let us see how the use of C++ helps achieving this ideal possible. DISCUSSION C++: An Object-Oriented Language Developed in 1983 by BjarneStroustrup of Bell Labs,C++ helped propel the concept of object-oriented programming into the mainstream.The term ‘‘object-oriented programming language’’ is a familiar phrase that has been in use for decades. But what does it mean? And why is it relevant for automation software? Essentially, a language that is object-oriented provides three important programming mechanisms:
毕业论文外文翻译模版
吉林化工学院理学院 毕业论文外文翻译English Title（Times New Roman ，三号） 学生学号：08810219 学生姓名：袁庚文 专业班级：信息与计算科学0802 指导教师：赵瑛 职称副教授 起止日期：2012.2.27～2012.3.14 吉林化工学院 Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology
1 外文翻译的基本内容 应选择与本课题密切相关的外文文献（学术期刊网上的），译成中文，与原文装订在一起并独立成册。在毕业答辩前，同论文一起上交。译文字数不应少于3000个汉字。 2 书写规范 2.1 外文翻译的正文格式 正文版心设置为：上边距：3.5厘米，下边距：2.5厘米，左边距：3.5厘米，右边距：2厘米，页眉：2.5厘米，页脚：2厘米。 中文部分正文选用模板中的样式所定义的“正文”，每段落首行缩进2字；或者手动设置成每段落首行缩进2字，字体：宋体，字号：小四，行距：多倍行距1.3，间距：前段、后段均为0行。 这部分工作模板中已经自动设置为缺省值。 2.2标题格式 特别注意：各级标题的具体形式可参照外文原文确定。 1．第一级标题（如：第1章绪论）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题1”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：三号，1.5倍行距，段后11磅，段前为11磅。 2．第二级标题（如：1.2 摘要与关键词）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题2”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：四号，1.5倍行距，段后为0，段前0.5行。 3．第三级标题（如：1.2.1 摘要）选用模板中的样式所定义的“标题3”，居左；或者手动设置成字体：黑体，居左，字号：小四，1.5倍行距，段后为0，段前0.5行。 标题和后面文字之间空一格（半角）。 3 图表及公式等的格式说明 图表、公式、参考文献等的格式详见《吉林化工学院本科学生毕业设计说明书（论文）撰写规范及标准模版》中相关的说明。
英文论文及中文翻译
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.360docs.net/doc/b82626771.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专，肖鹏，熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日） 摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材
计算机专业外文翻译
专业外文翻译 题目JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties 系（院）计算机系 专业计算机科学与技术 班级 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 职称讲师 二〇一三年五月十六日
JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties The JSP (Java Server Pages) technology is used by the Sun micro-system issued by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely used in electronic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive attention; get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced. The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applications easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together. The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technologies, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development history In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and infrastructure. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, look no restrictions. Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simplified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry is rapidly to build on the client browser multilayer application. The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of