泛读长难句6
泛读长难句6 1.Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
2.The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of
human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
3.Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
1.Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the polluti
on control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving th em a more refined raw material.
2.While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind.
2.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the
transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
1.The only thing we have to fear is fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified
terror, which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.
2.Knowing who we are and being confident enough to do what matters to us —
that’s what counts.
1. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firm to use technology
and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.
2. As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes both new and old are distributed.
3. An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,
actually, you think you are more beautiful than you are.
雅思阅读长难句分析1
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
(完整word版)长难句分析1-15
长难句分析 1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的 句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译 成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。 译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认 为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语theissue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。 译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还 是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量 3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点：句子的框架是how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由how 引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。 译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智 4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在 第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general 作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组 appropriate … to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二)
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二) 雅思阅读长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的分析技巧，攻克雅思阅读长难句，不再是个传说。 1. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 1) 译文：这些误解不是孤立存在的，而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有组成的观点更加难以攻破，有些观点甚至本身就是错误的，但是也正是这样，它们反而更容易改动。 这个句子主要难在词汇和句子结构上。我们先来学习一下下面几个词汇： 1. multifaceted：多层面的；多才多艺的 2. component: 组成部分的 3. erroneous：错误的 4. robust: 粗鲁的；强健的 5. incorporated：组成的，合并的 我们该来分析一下句子结构：句子主语是These misconceptions，并列谓语do not remain ……but become，其中有not……but 句式，宾语是isolated，incorporated into…… framework。Making作结果状语，which引导限制性定语从句修饰the component ideas。
高考英语阅读长难句分析教学内容
精品文档 高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 吉林市第一中学孙家宁 一、找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如：Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ［简析］此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed-he，ordered-he，（should）not be used-federal-funds，had proposed-no one，asked-he（asked前面有and，说明asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he ordered...and asked...”，“Declaring that...”作状语。句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 二、提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. ［简析］本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Ecolab Polytechnipue理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 三、寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to 精品文档
高中英语长难句分析方法.doc
高中英语长难句分析方法 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。 在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：as…resources. However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them. 然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。本句的主谓语是：those of us know。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰those of us，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。 4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如： His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8)
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8) 分隔结构 含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。 Exercise It’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth. 要点分析和参考译文 1
【最新推荐】雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析(2)-word范文模板 (1页)
【最新推荐】雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（2）-word范文模板 本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 雅思阅读：剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析（2） 1. The teacher - subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question , a shock was to be administered , beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer . 分析：本句的主句为 The teacher - subject was told that that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question , a shock was to be administered , beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer 为 that 引导的宾语从句，做tell 的宾语;在该宾语从句中 a shock was to be administered 为主句，而whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question 为 whenever 引导的时间装语从句，在该宾语从句中做时间状语， beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer 为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做伴随状语。 2. Milgram told the teacher - subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil , and to administer whatever level of shock was called for , as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment . 分析：本句的主句为 Milgram told the teacher - subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil , and to administer whatever level of shock was called for 其中 whatever level of shock was called for 为whatever 引导的宾语从句，做 administer 的宾语; as per 为介词短语，意 为依据，根据; governing the experimental situation of the moment 为现在分词短语作定语，做 the rule 的定语。
长难句分析
. ;.. 阅读技能训练-- 长难句分析 S t r at egies o f S en t en ces A n aly sin g 编写人：李荣荣 教师寄语：The most glorious moments in your lif e are not the so-called days of success,but rather those days w hen out of deject ion and despai r you f eel ri se in you a chal lenge t o li fe,and the promise of future accomplishment.(Gustave Flauvert,French writer)人的一生中，最为辉煌的一 天并不是功成名就的那些天，而是从悲叹与绝望中产生对人生的挑战和未来的辉煌的期盼的 那些日子。（法国作家福楼拜G） 高考导航： 在阅读理解中，考生经常碰到许多结构复杂的句子，也就是所谓的长难句。命题者在句子理 解难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯 和思维方式，从而达到考察考生综合阅读能力的目的。长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成 阅读障碍，形成心理压力，使考生失分。 高考对接： (2016全国I，B）1）"In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own," says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. "We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you‘re raising children.” 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of themselves B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. (2016全国I，C）2）She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. 31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London. B. To Newark. C. To Providence. D. To Washington. (2016全国I，D）3）Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, whena person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. (2016全国I，D）4）Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 高考指南：句子过长或者句式复杂的主要原因是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分， 如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有 逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加
阅读长难句分析
阅读难句分析 1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader …conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by …with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. 分析：by短语有两个动名词短语：feeding them the sweetener和injecting them with a drug，而a drug的定语从句中又包含了“连词while+现在分词”结构。1）从语义方面看，conditioned意为“使…形成条件反射”， conditioned mice to avoid saccharin意为“使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射”；2）the sweetener 指saccharin. 译文：1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。 2. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility？ 分析：主从复合句，that…responsibility是recognition的同位语从句，从句的主语是动名词短词protecting mankind's great treasure. 1）industry 此处指“公司，企业”。如前文中的industrial denial指“来自企业或公司的拒绝。2）the single most important 意为”惟一最重要的“，single在此表示强调。 译文：企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？ 3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems， that time is now.
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our
专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句
英译汉——长难句子结构分析经典50句子 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
雅思剑桥真题长难句解析
1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.（剑4, General Training Test B section 3）分析：本句的主句为―The scent was a message to the other bees‖；―she carried in her samples and on her body‖为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉；―that this was the one they were looking for‖为that引导的同位语从句，做a message 的同位语；―they were looking for‖为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for 的宾语，因此被省掉。 2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.（剑4, General Training Test B section 3） 分析：本句的主句为―he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about…a nd revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally‖；―how bees communicate‖为how引导的宾语从句，做介词about的宾语。 3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ?of hard usual English words'.（剑5, Test 1 passage 1） 分析：本句主句―There had been dictionaries‖；―the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ?of hard usual English words'‖为独立主格结构，其中―compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray‖和―published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ?of hard usual English words'‖均为过去分词短语作定语，做a little book的定语。 4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.（剑5, Test 1 passage 1） 分析：本句的主句为―It is highly appropriate that… ‖, 其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，即―that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class‖；在主语从句中―the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man‖为Dr Samuel Johnson的同位语，―as famous in his own time as in ours‖为Dr Samuel Johnson的定语。 5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.（剑5, Test 1 passage 1） 分析：本句的主句为―His approach to the problems was intensely practical‖；―that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eightee nth centuries‖为定语从句，做the problems的定语，关系词为that。 6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ?dictionary workshop'.（剑5, Test 1 passage 1） 分析：本句为并列句，―He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments‖和―from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ?dictionary workshop'.‖并列，由and连接；―in which he set up his ?dictionary workshop'.‖为定语从句，做17 Gough Square的定语，关系词为which。 7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the ga rret where Johnson worked as ?fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.（剑5, Test 1 passage 1）