2017年考研英语翻译真题练习汇总

2017年考研英语翻译真题练习汇总
2017年考研英语翻译真题练习汇总

2017年考研英语翻译真题练习汇总

要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力,加强对词汇多义的把握,踩准得分点,最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读,日积月累,翻译能力必定提升。凯程网考研频道以真题为例,和大家分享句子的细分解读,从词汇到句式,希望大家多练练。

Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed // in such institutions as the special preserve of a lawyer, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

词汇要点:

1) institution //n. 机构;惯例

2) preserve //n. 经过加工保存的水果,保留区,某人所专有的活动或爱好

3) intellectual //adj. 智力的,知识的

结构要点:

1) 主干结构是一个被动态legal learning has beenviewed…as…,尤其要注意viewed 后面接了as。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) in such institution可能有人会翻译为“在这样的机构中”,这样不好。如果注意到such这个词的指代关系,看看上一句话最后两个单词Canadian universities就可以知道,such institution指的是“大学”。所以,最好翻译为“在这类学校中”。

2) legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as…中有被动态。直接翻译的话,是“法律学习被这类学校看作是…”。根据被动结构的翻译方法,最好“少用被字”,转而采用“主宾颠倒”的方式来翻译为,把介词短语in such institutions中的名词such institutions 翻译为中文主语:这类学校把法律学习看作是….。

3) the special preserve of lawyers这个部分稍微难处理一点的是单词preserve。它可以当作动词用,是“保存”的意思,所以,名词的基本意思也是“保存,保存下来的东西”。但是,它还有一个意思,就是“被认为是某人所专有的活动或者爱好”。所以,这里需要翻译为:律师们专有的活动。

4) the intellectual equipment直译为“知识装备”,但是不太符合汉语习惯,调整一下,“知识储备,知识素养,知识体系”都可以。而an educated person是“一个受过教育的人”。

完整译文:

长久以来,这类学校把法律学习看作是律师所专有的,而不是一个受过教育者的知识储备的必要组成部分。

While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhancestories, //it is preferable for journalists //to rely on their own notions of significance // and make their own judgments.(27 words)

词汇要点:

1) enhance //v. 增强,提高,美化

2) preferable //adj. 较好的,较合宜的,较喜爱的

3) notion //n. 概念,观念

4) judgment //n. 判决,裁判,判断

结构要点:

1) while引导的状语从句主干是While comment and reaction…may enhance…;

2) 主句结构是一个形式主语it is preferable forjournalists to rely on…and make…。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) enhance stories直接翻译成“提高故事”的话,肯定是错误的。因为,the stories 在本文中,一直都是“新闻报道”的意思,上文49所以enhancethe stories就需要结合上下文,适当引申后翻译为“提高新闻报道的质量”,或者说“丰富新闻报道的内容”。

2) it is preferable for journalists是一个形式主语。preferable可以翻译为“更好的,更合理的,更可贵的”等意思。这个结构可以直接翻译为:对于记者来说,更好的是…。或者:对于记者来说,要…更加难能可贵。

3) notions of significance可以直接翻译为“对重要性的观念,对重要性的认识”等等,其实就是指上文journalists“对于重要性的认识”。我们一般“把什么看得很重要”就是我们的“价值观”,所以“价值观”也是一个很好的翻译。

完整译文:

虽然律师所提供的评论和反馈可能会提高新闻报道的质量,但是记者要依靠自己的价值观自己做出判断则更加难能可贵。

He assert,also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, //for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (33 words)

词汇要点:

1) assert//v. 肯定地说,断言,维护,坚持。

2) train//n. 火车;一系列

结构要点:

1) 主句部分是He assert that…,that后面连接一个宾语从句;

2) that宾语从句的主干是his power…was verylimited;

3) which引导一个非限定性定语从句,which先行词是前面his power…was limited 这个宾语从句;

4) hefelt certain后面还有一个that宾语从句。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) that his power…was very limited是that宾语从句的主干,可以翻译为:他的能力十分有限。

2) train ofsth. 是“一系列”的意思,train of thought是指“一系列思维”,就是“思路”。

3) to follow atrain of thought直译是“跟随自己的思路”,就是“进行思维”的意思。所以,to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought就可以翻译为:进行长时间纯抽象思维。因为这个不定式短语修饰power(能力),可以放到“能力”前面去翻译:进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力。

4) for which reason中的which修饰的是上文“his power…was limited,他进行长时间抽象思维的能力非常有限”,可以翻译为“由于这个原因”。

5) he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics中never could have succeeded…是英语的一种虚拟语气“本来就不该成功”;never否定程度很重,可以用汉

语的“根本不可能会成功”来表达。

完整译文:

他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior //to the common run of men //innoticing things which easily escape attention, //and in observing them carefully.”(26 words) 词汇要点:

1) humbly//adv. 恭顺地,谦卑地

2) superior//adj. 优秀的,优等的

结构要点:

1) 主句部分是He adds …that…,

2) that宾语从句的主干是he was superior to…;

3) innoticing…, and in observing…是两个in介词短语并列做状语;其中还有一个which定语从句修饰things。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) He adds humbly中的adds是“增加说,补充说,又说,还说”的意思。

2) the commonrun of men中的run当名词用,the common, general, ordinary等词后面接run (of sth)是习惯用法,意思是“普通的类型或等级”,如:the common run of mankind(普通人)。

3) in noticingthings…, and in observing them carefully是并列几次短语做状语,是指“在注意到事情,和在仔细观察这些事情”这两方面“优于常人”。

4) in noticing things which easily escape attention中的which easilyescape attention是定语从句可以直译为:容易逃避注意力。这个定语从句是修饰前面的things(事物),其意思是说,“这些事物容易逃避注意力”,其实就可以翻译为:容易忽略的事物。所以,这个部分结合起来,可以翻译为:在注意到容易忽略的事物方面。

完整译文:

他谦卑地补充道,或许他在注意到别人容易忽略的事物,并对其加以仔细的观察方面,他要比普通人更有优势。

或:他谦卑地补充道,与常人相比,或许他更能注意到容易忽略的事情,更能对此加以仔细观察。

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only aloss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. (31 words)

3 4

词汇要点:

1) injurious//adj. 造成伤害的,有害的

2) intellect//n. 智力,理解力;有高智慧的人

结构要点:

1) 主句部分是Darwin was convinced that…,that后面连接一个宾语从句;

2) 宾语从句的主干是the loss of thesetastes was not only…, but…;

3) andmore probably to…与上文的injuriousto…并列。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) be convincedthat…是“相信,确信”的意思。

2) the loss ofthese tastes。需要注意这里的taste这个单词,基本意思是“味道,品尝”,正因为这样,可能有人会错误的翻译为“品尝的失去,味道的失去”,更有甚者,翻译为“味觉的失去”。仔细看看上文,有一个即明显的短语“taste forpictures or music(对绘画和音乐的爱好)”。所以,这里的taste应该翻译为“兴趣,爱好”。

3) but mightpossibly be injurious to the intellect中be injuriousto…是“对…造成伤害”的意思;intellect意思是“智力,理解力,思维力”。这个部分可以直接翻译为:而且可能会有损一个人的思维能力。

4) and moreprobably to the moral character与上文的be injuriousto the intellect构成并列结构,是(beinjurious) to the moral character的省略。moral character不宜翻译为“道德性格”,因为不通顺,汉语中与“道德”搭配的词是“道德品质、道德品格”。所以,可以翻译为:更有可能会伤害道德品质。说“伤害品质”略微有点不通顺,可以说“更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降”。

完整译文:

达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。

It may be said //that the measure of the worth of any social institution //is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, //but this effect is not apart of its original motive. (33 words) 词汇要点:

1) measure //n. 措施,步骤方法;计量,测量;计量的标准

2) institution //n. 机构,制度

结构要点:

1) It may be said that…是一个形式主语结构;

2) the measure …is its effect…是that主语从句的主干;

3) but this effect is not a part…是but连接的并列句,它与Itmay be said that…这个句子并列。

汉译逻辑要点:

1) It may be said that…习惯翻译为“我们可以这样说,人们或许会这样说”。

2) the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect…中的主语是measure,意思是“衡量、测量”;其谓语部分is its effect中的effect意思是“影响、效果、作用”。但是我们翻译为“衡量…是它的效果或作用”不太通顺,所以这里measure这个词的内在涵义是“衡量…的标准”。所以,可以把the measure …is its effect这个部分翻译为“要衡量…的标准是看它的效果或作用”。social institution是“社会机构”。

3) enlarging and improving experience直译的结果是“扩大和提高经验”。但既然是“经验”,汉译时候前面动词搭配最好是“丰富经验,完善经验”。

参考译文:

虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会结构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用;但这种作用并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。

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