Lecture Notes_U6

Electronic Teaching Portfolio

Book One

Unit Six: Civility and Good Manners

Part I Get Started

Section A Discussion

▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.

1.What do good manners mean to you? Does having good manners mean being polite or courteous? Or does

it mean more than that?

2.Recount some personal experiences where you have witnessed good manners.

3.What do you know about civility? How is it reflected in daily life?

4.What do you think is the role or importance of civility in today’s society?

5.If we can get one to learn about civility, what is the most conducive environment to do so?

▇Answers for reference:

1.Different people may understand manners in different ways. What is crucial is how we regard other people

and communicate with them. Basically, there are some characteristics for socially acceptable good manners, including: being polite and courteous, showing respect to the elders, demonstrating basic etiquette of saying appreciative words and accepting responsibility when wrong, and handling difficult situations to show maturity and manners, etc.

2.Ope n.

3.Ope n.

4.Ope n.

5.Ope n.

Section B Quote s

▇Study the following quotes about civility and good manners. Do you agree with each of them? Give reasons to support your view.

Albert Einstein

⊙I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is the garbage man or the president of the university.

— Albert Einstein

Interpretation:

By this quote, Albert Einstein means that everyone, regardless of their status and wealth, has a role in society. As a contributing individual, everyone should receive the same level of respect.

About Albert Einstein (1879-1955): Albert Einstein, a German, is a well-respected scientist who discovered and developed the theory of relativity. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Einstein was a high school drop-out but was later accepted into a special high school in Switzerland. He also did not do well in the university because of his special learning style. He preferred to study on his own and frequently skipped classes. Einstein was not successful in his early days as a scientist but he persisted until the early 1900s when his theory of relativity was accepted by the physics community.

Confucius

⊙ What you do not want others to do to you, do not do them unto others.

— Confucius

Interpretation:

This quote from Confucius tells us to treat and respect others in the same way as we would want others to do to us. The original saying in Chinese is“己所不欲勿施于人。”《论语》

Emily Post

Interpretation:

⊙Manners are a sensitive awareness of the feelings of others. If you have that awareness, you have good manners, no matter what fork you use.

— Emily Post

Emily Post’s quote reminds us that regardless of our status and wealth in society, manners are important. Having position and being rich do not give us the excuse to be discourteous. As responsible individuals of our community and society, we should respect one another and be sincere by behaving in socially acceptable ways. About Emily Post (1872-1960): Emily Post was born in the United States. While she wrote novels, travel books and was a popular columnist in newspapers and magazines at her time, it was her writing on etiquette that made her a frequently quoted author and an authority in the subject. In 1946, she founded the Emily Post Institute which is still in existence today, advising clients on all things related to manners and etiquette both in the corporate world and in social settings.

Section C Watching and Discussion

Watch the following video clip “UT’s Civility Message” and do the tasks that follow:

插入视频片段：“UT’s Civility Message.wmv”

1.Fill in the missing words according to what you hear from the video clip.

Civility is mutual respect, treating others as you want to be treated, learning from one and other, and listening. Civility is knowing that all men and women are created equal, and acting like it. Civility is diverse, open, cooperative and supportive. Civility is expression, debate, community, integrity. Civility is doing what you know is right. I deserve your respect, your recognition, your acceptance. We are one: one campus, one community. Celebrate the differences.

2.Give some examples to illustrate their points.

Examples of civility may include:

●Respect and courtesy in language, demeanor, and actions;

●Respectful acknowledgement of individual differences;

●Empathy and patience;

●Refraining from insulting, disrespectful, dismissive, or humiliating language and/or actions;

●Don’t speak loudly in public;

●Don’t focus on electronic gadgets at a part

……

Script：

Civility is mutual respect, treating others as you want to be treated, learning from one and other, and listening. Civility is knowing that all men and women are created equal, and acting like it. Civility is diverse, open, cooperative and supportive. Civility is expression, debate, community, integrity. Civility is doing what you know is right. I deserve your respect, your recognition, your acceptance. We are one, one campus, one community. Celebrate the differences.

Part II Listen and Respond

Section A Word Bank

unaware a. [(of)] not having knowledge or consciousness (of sth.) [常与of连用]不知道

的；没有觉察到的，未意识到的

manners n. [pl.] polite ways of behaving in social situations [复数] 礼貌，规矩，态度

impolite a. disrespectful; ill-mannered 不礼貌的，失礼的

mobile a. able to move, or be moved, quickly and easily; not fixed in one position 可迅速

移动的，易于移动的，不固定在一个位置的

mobile phone 移动电话，手机

dirty look a look that expresses displeasure or disapproval 厌恶的表情

private a. personal; secret; not (to be) shared with others 私人的，个人的；秘密的

rude a. (of a person or their behaviour) not at all polite; intentionally bad-mannered;

offensive （人或其行为）不礼貌的，粗鲁的，讨厌的

cigarette n. a thin paper tube of finely cut tobacco for smoking 纸烟，香烟

yeah interj. infml yes 〖非正式〗是，对；可以

butt▲n. a large, thick, or bottom end of sth. （工具等）粗大的一端，柄

sidewalk n. esp. AmE a usu. paved surface or path at the side of a street for people to walk

on 〖尤美〗人行道

crush vt. press with great force so as to break, damage, or destroy the natural shape or

condition 压碎，压坏；压榨

guy n. infml a man; esp. AmE any person, male or female〖非正式〗男人;〖尤美〗人

（不论男女）

put out cause to stop burning 使停止燃烧，使熄灭

get it understand or grasp sth. 懂了

Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas

▇Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.

1.The two friends received dirty looks because of ________.

A)the way they communicate with people

B)the ways other people see them

C)their strange behaviour

D)their anti-social behaviour

2.Talking loudly on the mobile phone ________.

A)is socially acceptable

B)disturbs and annoys others

C)attracts the attention of others

D)makes others distracted

3.From the dialogue between Xiao Wang and Xiao Chen, we can learn that ________.

A)there is misunderstanding between them and others about social etiquette

B)there is no right or wrong about social etiquette, which depends on individuals

C)they are ignorant about the appropriate social etiquette of their community

D)they have their own social etiquette, which should be respected by others

Key:

1.D)

2. B)

3. C)

Section C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details

▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.

1.This morning, Xiao Wang was sitting alone on the bus when a friend called him.

2.He spoke so loudly on the mobile phone that two passengers kept _looking at_ him to signal him to speak

softer.

3.When the passengers got off the bus, one of them told Xiao Wang to stop discussing private matters in

public.

4.Xiao Wang could not understand why he was treated in this way and wondered what was wrong.

5.Xiao Chen had a similar experience. After he finished smoking in a park, he crushed/ put out the cigarette

butt because he did not want the cigarette butt to cause a danger_ to other people.

6.However, a man who walked past told him that it was not very nice.

7.Both Xiao Wang and Xiao Chen could not understand why other people found their actions bad

8. They thought that there were a lot of rude / impolite people in the world.

Script:

Xiao Wang: People are so impolite these days!

Xiao Chen: What’s the matter, Xiao Wang?

Xiao Wang: Well, you see, this morning I was sitting in the back of the bus, alone, by myself. A friend called so I talked on my mobile phone to him for a while.

Xiao Chen: Yes? What happened?

Xiao Wang: Well, two people kept giving me dirty looks. You know, this is not the first time. It happened before. And when I got off the bus, one of them told me to stop using my mobile phone. He

said I had talked too loudly about private matters and he had not the least interest in knowing

about them. I just don’t understand these people. What’s wrong with them?

Xiao Chen: I see. Actually similar things have happened to me many times, too. I must say there’re rude people everywhere these days. Like, the other day, I was sitting in the park, smoking a cigarette.

I was just sitting there, you know, enjoying the nice weather, looking at the birds, listening to

music, and smoking.

Xiao Wang: Yeah, what happened then?

Xiao Chen: Well, when I finished my cigarette, I did what I always do when I smoke in the park. I put the cigarette butt on the sidewalk and crushed it with my shoe.

Xiao Wang: Right. That’s what I usually do and there’s nothing wrong with it. This way it won’t be a danger to anyone.

Xiao Chen: Well, this guy walking by saw me putting out my cigarette and told me that it was not very nice.

He said it was bad for the environment. I just don’t get it. How can it be bad for the

environment? Why are people so impolite?

Xiao Wang: Well, well, I must say there are certainly rude people everywhere!

Part III Read and Explore

Text A

Section A Discovering the Main Ideas

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.

1)What do you think is the main message conveyed in the passage?

2)Why did Morton decide not to pursue the argument or confrontation with the man?

3)How did Morton’s wife feel about the incident?

4)Based on the text, what differences could you infer between Morton and the other man in terms of

cultural and educational backgrounds? Provide specific examples to support your answer.

▇Answers for reference:

1)It is about the value system, specifically, manners in public spaces and respect for people. Students

might come up with other attributes besides respect that could be accepted.

2)He felt that pursuing the argument might not solve any problem and could have made it worse for him

and his family, for the other man was a bully-like person who showed no respect for others and who lacked good manners.

3)She felt rather indignant or unfairly treated but had to accept it as she and Morton did not seem to have

the courage to stand up to the ma n.

4)We can infer that the two men come from different cultural and educational backgrounds. Morton

appears to be more refined and educated as can be seen from his behaviour and lifestyle. Morton is “cooped up in the little cubicle of the company” and he loves reading the Times Magazine whereas the other man spits and reads comics. He encourages his boy to throw sand at Morton’s son and his insolent manner indicates that he truly belongs to a different kind -- coarse, rude, uneducated, with no manners and civility.

Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into? Parts with the paragraph numbers (s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.

Part Paragraph(s) Main Ideas

One 1The author’s family were enjoying a cozy evening in the park, but a little boy threw sand at Larry and broke the quietness.

Two 2-3 She tried to stop the boy in vain, and the boy threw sand at Larry the second time.

Three 4-7 She was angry, yet the boy’s father encouraged him to throw sand.

Four 8-19 Morton tried to argue with the boy’s father in vai n. In the end, the family left the park.

Five 20 After they left, the author had some afterthought.

Exercise 3:List two key values that Morton and his wife felt important and provide the supporting details from the text.

Key Value 1: Key Value 2:

Being considerate of others Keeping peace and harmony

Supporting Idea: Supporting Ideas:

The reprimand Morton’s wife gave to the boy about throwing sand at others. Morton’s attempt at reasoning with the ma n.

Morton walking away from a potential fight.

Section B In-depth Study

There are times in our lives when we are confronted by challenging situations. These are moments which may have implications for our principles and value systems. Read the following account of the predicament faced by Morton, as observed through the eyes of his wife.

Sunday in the Park

Bel Kaufman

1 It was still warm in the late afternoon sun, and the city noises came muffled through the trees in the park. She put her book down on the bench, removed her sunglasses, and sighed contentedly. Morton was reading the Times Magazine section, one arm flung around her shoulder, their three-year-old son, Larry, was playing in the sandbox: a faint breeze fanned her hair softly against her cheek. It was five-thirty of a Sunday afternoon, and the small playground, tucked away in a corner of the park, was all but deserted. The swings and seesaws stood motionless and abandoned, the slides were empty, and only in the sandbox two little boys squatted diligently side by side. How good this is, she thought, and almost smiled at her sense of well-being. They must go out in the sun more often; Morton was so city-pale, cooped up all week in the little cube of the company. She squeezed his arm affectionately and glanced at Larry, delighting in the pointed little face frowning in concentration over the tunnel he was digging. The other boy suddenly stood up and with a quick, deliberate swing of his chubby arm threw a spadeful of sand at Larry. It just missed his head. Larry continued digging; the boy remained standing, shovel raised, stolid and impassive.

2 “No, no, little boy.” She shook her finger at him, her eyes searching for the child’s mother or nurse. “We mustn’t throw sand. It may get in someone’s eyes and hurt. We must play nicely in the nice sandbox.” The boy looked at her in unblinking expectancy. He was about Larry’s age but perhaps ten pounds heavier, a husky little boy with none of Larry’s quickness and sensitivity in his face. Where was his mother? The only other people left in the playground were two women and a little girl on roller skates leaving now through the gate, and a man on a bench a few feet away. He was a big man, and he seemed to be taking up the whole bench as he held the Sunday comics close to his face. She supposed he was the child’s father. He did not look up from his comics, but spat once deftly out of the corner of his mouth. She turned her eyes away.

3 At that moment, as swiftly as before, the fat little boy threw another spadeful of sand at Larry. This time some of it landed on his hair and forehead. Larry looked up at his mother, his mouth tentative; her expression would tell him whether to cry or not.

4 Her first instinct was to rush to her son, brush the sand out of his hair, and punish the other child, but she controlled it. She always said that she wanted Larry to learn to fight his own battles.

5 “Don’t do that, little boy,” she said sharply, leaning forward on the bench. “You mustn’t throw sand!”

6 The man on the bench moved his mouth as if to spit again, but instead he spoke. He did not look at her,

but at the boy only.

7 “You go right ahead, Joe,” he said loudly. “Throw all you want. This here is a public sandbox.”

8 She felt a sudden weakness in her knees as she glanced at Morto n. He had become aware of what was happening. He put his Times down carefully on his lap and turned his fine, lean face toward the man, a shy, apologetic smile on his face. When he spoke to the man, it was with his usual reasonableness.

9 “You’re quite right,” he said pleasantly, “but just because this is a public place….”

10 The man lowered his funnies and looked at Morto n. He looked at him from head to foot, slowly and deliberately. “Yeah?” his insolent voice was edged with menace. “My kid’s got just as good right here as yours, and if he feels like throwing sand, he’ll throw it; and if you don’t like it, you can take your kid the hell out of here.”

11 The children were listening, their eyes and mouths wide open, their spades forgotten in small fists. She noticed the muscle in Morton’s jaw tighte n. He was rarely angry; he seldom lost his temper. She was suffused with a tenderness for her husband and an impotent rage against the man for involving him in a situation so alien and so distasteful to him.

12 “Now just a minute,” Morton said courteously, “you must realize...”

13 “Aw, shut up,” said the ma n.

14 Her heart began to pound. Morton half rose; the Times slid to the ground. Slowly the other man stood up. He took a couple of steps toward Morton, then stopped. He flexed his great arms, waiting. She pressed her trembling knees together. Would there be violence, fighting? How dreadful, how incredible … She must do something, stop them, call for help. She wanted to put her hand on her husband’s sleeve, to pull him down, but for some reason she didn’t.

15 Morton adjusted his glasses. He was very pale. “This is ridiculous,” he said unevenly. “I must ask you …”

16 “Oh, yeah?” said the ma n. He stood with his legs spread apart, rocking a little, looking at Morton with utter scor n.“You and who else?”

17 For a moment the two men looked at each other nakedly. Then Morton turned his back on the man and said quietly, “Come on, let’s get out of here.” He walked awkwardly, almost limping with self-consciousness, to the sandbox. He stooped and lifted Larry and his shovel out.

18 Larry began to kick and cry. “I don’t want to go home, I want to play better.” It became a chant as they walked, pulling their child between them, his feet dragging on the ground. In order to get to the exit gate they had to pass the bench where the man sat sprawling agai n.She was careful not to look at him. With all the dignity she could summon, she pulled Larry’s sandy, perspiring little hand, while Morton pulled the other. Slowly and with head high she walked with her husband and the child out of the playground.

19 “A fight wouldn’t have proved anything,” Morton muttered through his teeth as they came into the street.

20 Her first feeling was one of relief that the fight had been avoided, that no one was hurt. Yet beneath it there was a layer of something else, something heavy and inescapable. She sensed that it was more than just an

unpleasant incident, more than defeat of reason by force. She thought, if there had been something to fight for….But what else could Morton possibly have done? Allow himself to be beaten? Attempt to educate the man? Call a policeman? “Officer, there’s a man in the park who won’t stop his child from throwing sand on mine….”The whole thing was as silly as that, and not worth thinking about. She quickened her step. She wanted only to get home and to busy herself with her familiar tasks.

▇课文参考译文

星期天在公园

贝尔?考夫曼

1. 傍晚，夕阳余温犹存，城市的喧嚣消弭于公园树林。她把书放在长椅上，摘下太阳镜，心满意足地轻叹一声。莫顿正在读《时报》周日专栏，一只胳膊环绕在她的肩上。他们三岁的儿子拉里正在沙箱里玩耍。一缕清风迎面拂过，温柔地掠过她的发丝。现在是星期天下午五点半。这个小游乐场隐在公园的一角，几乎废弃。秋千和跷跷板静静地伫立着，无人问津，滑梯上也空无一人，只见沙箱里蹲着两个小男孩，挨在一起玩得正起劲。她心中想：一切是多么美好啊，脸上不禁绽放出笑容。他们得多晒太阳，莫顿整个星期都窝在公司狭小的办公隔间里，这样的城市生活把他折磨得苍白无力。她深情地握着莫顿的胳膊，高兴地看着拉里聚精会神地挖隧道，他那尖俏的小脸此刻正眉头紧锁。另一个孩子突然站起来，飞快地抬起胖乎乎的胳膊，故意把满满一铲沙子朝拉里扬过来。幸好没有扬到他头上。拉里继续挖。那个男孩仍旧站在那里，举着铲子，面无表情，无动于衷。

2. 不可以，不可以，孩子。”她对他摇着手指，同时眼睛搜寻着孩子的妈妈或者保姆。“我们不可以扬沙子。它会飞到别人眼睛里，很痛。沙箱这么好，我们得好好地玩。”这个男孩看着她，眼睛一眨不眨，好像在期待什么。他跟拉里年纪相仿，但是可能比拉里要重10磅，很壮实，从他脸上看不到拉里的活泼和机灵。他的妈妈在哪里？游乐场里就剩下两个女人和一个穿旱冰鞋的小女孩，她们正穿过大门离开，还有一个男人坐在几英尺外的长椅上。他块头很大，脸贴近手里拿着的周末连环画，整个长椅仿佛都被他占了。她觉得他就是孩子的父亲。他还在看连环画，头也不抬，但动作娴熟地从嘴角里吐了一口痰。她移开了视线。

3. 就在这个时候，那个小胖子又朝拉里扬了一铲沙，动作跟之前一样迅速。这次，一些沙子落在了拉里的头发和前额上。拉里抬头看着妈妈，试探性地撇了撇嘴，妈妈的表情将决定他要不要放声大哭。

4. 她的第一反应就是想冲向儿子，掸掉他头发里的沙子，然后把那个孩子教训一顿，但她克制住了。她总是说她想让拉里学会自己保护自己。

5. “不能那么做，孩子，”她坐在长椅上，身体前倾，厉声说道，“你不该扬沙子。”

6. 那个坐在长椅上的男人嘴巴动了动，好像又要吐痰，但却开口说话了。他没有看她，只是盯着那个男孩。

7. “继续玩你的，乔，”他大声说，“想扬什么就扬什么。这里是公共沙箱。”

8. 她瞥了莫顿一眼，忽然感觉膝盖一阵发软。他已经明白了目前的状况。他把《时报》小心地放在腿上，转头看向那个男人，精致消瘦的脸庞上挂着腼腆、谦卑的微笑。他开口跟那个男人说话了，像平常一样，那么通情达理。

9. “你说的对，”他的语气轻松愉悦，“但就是因为这是个公共场所……”

10. 那个男人放下他的连环画看着莫顿，不紧不慢地从头到脚细细打量。“是吗？”他语气傲慢，近乎威胁，“我的孩子和你的孩子在这儿有同样的权利，如果他想扬沙子，他就扬；如果你不喜欢，你可以带着你孩子从这里滚出去。”

11. 孩子们听得目瞪口呆，忘记了小手里握着的铲子。她注意到莫顿下巴的肌肉紧绷着。他很少生气；也很少发脾气。她内心充满了对丈夫的爱怜和对这个男人的愤怒，因为这个男人把丈夫卷入了一种陌生和令人不快的境地，但对此她又无能为力。

12. “等一下，”莫顿说话彬彬有礼，“你该懂得……”

13. “哼，闭嘴，”那个男人说。

14．她的心开始砰砰狂跳。莫顿半起身，《时报》滑落到地上。那个男人也慢慢地站了起来，朝莫顿走了几步，然后停下来。他伸展了一下他那粗壮的胳膊，伺机以待。她把颤抖的膝盖并拢。会有暴力、打斗吗？太可怕了，太不可思议了……她必须要做点什么，想办法制止他们，或者打电话寻求帮助。她想抓住丈夫的袖子，想让他坐下来，但不知为什么她没有那么做。

15. 莫顿扶了一下眼镜。他的脸色很苍白。“这真是太滑稽了，”他结结巴巴地说，“我必须要问问你……”

16. “哦，是吗？”那个男人说道。他站在那里，两腿叉开，身体轻轻摇晃着，一脸不屑地看着莫顿。“你，还有谁？”

17. 两个男人四目对峙了片刻。然后莫顿转过身，背对着那个男人，轻轻地说：“来吧，我们离开这里。”他走向沙箱，步态很不自然，因为尴尬都有点一瘸一拐了。他弯下腰，把拉里和他的铲子一起抱了起来。

18. 拉里开始又踢又喊。“我不想回家，我还想玩。”夫妻俩拽着孩子，拉里一路上不停地哭喊，双脚拖在地上。要走到公园出口，他们得经过那张长椅，那个男人又四仰八叉地坐在上面。她的目光小心翼翼地避开他，尽量保持着尊严，牵着拉里一只沾满沙子的汗津津的小手，莫顿牵着拉里的另一只手。她昂着头，和丈夫孩子一起慢慢地走出了那个游乐场。

19. “打斗证明不了什么，”走到街上时莫顿从牙缝里咕哝道。

20. 她首先感到的是一种宽慰，打斗得以避免，也没有人受伤。然而，在这种宽慰之下涌起某种沉重且不可回避的东西。她感到这不仅仅是一件令人不快的小事，也不仅仅是理智对武力的妥协。她想，如果当时有某种值得去争取的东西，莫顿又能做些什么呢？让自己挨打？试图教育那个男人？报警？“警官，有个人的孩子在公园向我的孩子扬沙子，他却不去阻止……”整件事荒谬至极，不值得深思。她加快了脚步。她只想回家，去忙她的家务活。

Good Usage ( Para. 1)

noises came muffled through the trees

flung around her shoulder

tucked away in a corner of the park

was all but deserted

side by side

her sense of well-being

go out in the sun

was cooped up

delighting in

frowning in concentration over …

threw … at …

Good Usage ( Para. 2)

shook … at

search for …

get in somebody’s eyes

take up

hold … close to his face

look up from

turned her eyes away

Good Usage ( Paras. 3-5)

landed on

looked up at…

brush … out of …

learn to fight his own battles

lean forward

Good Usage ( Paras. 6-9)

go right ahea

felt a sudden weakness in her knees

glanced at

become aware of

looked at him from head to foot

feels like

lost his temper

was suffused with

an impotent rage against

involving him in a situation

alien to

Good Usage ( Paras. 13-14)

shut up

Her heart began to pound.

slid to the ground

flexed his great arms

pressed … together

pull him down

for some reason

Good Usage ( Paras. 15-17)

said unevenly

stood with his legs spread apart

looking at Morton with utter scorn

For a moment

looked at each other nakedly

turned his back on

lift … out

Good Usage ( Paras. 18-19)

sat sprawling

with head high

muttered through his teeth

Good Usage ( Para. 20)

defeat of reason by force

not worth thinking about

quickened her step

busy herself with her familiar tasks

Key Words and Expressions for Text A

fling vt.

flung, flung move (oneself or part of one’s body quickly or with force) 扑进，冲出；急伸，猛动（头、臂、腿等）

e.g. 1.The boys were playing on the river bank, flinging stones into the water.

2. People cheered and flung their hats into the air.

人们欢呼着，把帽子抛到空中。

faint a.

very small; slight 微小的；些微的

e.g. 1. The sound was so faint that we couldn’t tell what it was.

2. There’s still a faint hope that they might be alive.

他们可能还活着的一线希望仍然存在。

Collocations:

a faint hope/possibility/chance, etc. 微弱的希望/可能/机会等

not have the faintest idea 根本不知道

faint light 微光

be/feel faint with 因…而感到虚弱

tuck away

infml store in a safe place 〖非正式〗把...收藏在安全处，使隐藏

e.g. 1. A small stone house was tucked away at the foot of a beautiful mountain.

小屋掩隐在小山后的树林里。

2. The cabin was tucked away in the woods behind the hills.

deserted a.

1. having no one present 空无一人的

e.g. 1) The car park is busy in the day but almost deserted at night.

2) The coastal resorts are deserted in winter.

冬天里，海滨度假胜地荒无一人。

2. left by a person or people who do not intend to return 废弃的，遗弃的

e.g. The government promised to pay more attention to the problems of deserted wives and childre n.

Collocations

a deserted wife/husband/child 被遗弃的妻子/丈夫/孩子

a deserted street/farm/building 无人的街道/农场/楼房

abandoned a.

left and no longer wanted, used or needed 弃置不用的；荒废的；废弃的

e.g. 1. The factory had already been abandoned when the Japanese soldiers found it.

2. All that digging had left a network of abandoned mines and tunnels.

挖掘工作留下的是纵横交错废井和隧道。

Collocations:

an abandoned baby 被遗弃的孩子

an abandoned house/car 弃置不用的房子/汽车

abandoned hopes/dreams 放弃的希望/梦想

deliberate a.

(esp. of sth. bad) done on purpose or as a result of careful planning; intentional （尤指坏事）故意的；深思熟虑的，盘算周到的

e.g. 1. It was not an accident. It was a deliberate attempt to hurt him.

2. I don’t think that was a mistake; I think it was deliberate.

我不认为那是个错误；我认为这是有人故意为之。

CF: deserted abandoned

这两个形容词都有“废弃的”、“遗弃的”、“弃置不用的”的意思。

deserted 更强调对责任和义务的放弃。abandoned更强调对所有权的放弃。此外，abandoned还有“放纵的”，“自甘堕落的”的意思。例如：

She danced with abandoned enthusiasm.

她纵情地跳着舞。

take up

1. (of things or events) fill or use (space or time) (事物或事件）占用了（空间或时间）

e.g. 1) My kitchen utensils take up too much space. I need to give some of them away.

2) I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.

我知道您肯定很忙，而我自然也不想占用您太多时间。

2. become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it

开始（从事）

e.g. I took up cycling when I was at school.

3. start a new job or have a new responsibility 接任（工作、责任）

e.g. Tom will take up the management of the sales department.

4. accept a suggestion, an offer or a challenge, etc. 接受（建议、提议、挑战等）

e.g. Schools are taking up the offer of cut-price computers.

5. continue to discuss or deal with an idea, problem, or suggestion 继续（讨论、处理）

e.g. I’ll take up the story where you left of

f.

instinct n.

[C,U](a) natural ability or tendency to act in a certain way, without having to learn or think about it 本能；天性；直觉

e.g. 1. Don’t judge a person by instinct. It can be wrong.

2. 是本能告诉鸟儿该什么时候开始迁徙。

It is instinct that tells the birds when to begin their migratio n.

CF: instinct intuition

这两个名词都有“直觉” 的意思。

instinct 强调动物的生物本能。如：Birds learn to fly by instinct。

intuition指的是不经过推理或逻辑判断，而是通过感觉直接明白或了解某事物真相的能力。如：I can’t explain how I knew— just had an intuition that you’d been involved in an accident。

lower vt.

1.move or let down in height 降下，把…放（移）低

e.g.1) He lowered his voice when he turned to talk to the child.

2) Very gently, he lowered the dog onto the rug.

他极其轻柔地把小狗放在毯子上。

2.(cause sth. to) become less in amount or quantity （使某事物）减少

e.g. The Central Bank has lowered interest rates by two percent.

feel like (doing)

have a wish for; want 想要

e.g. 1. I don’t feel like joining the party this weekend. I would rather stay home and have a good rest.

2. 他不想去工作。

He didn’t feel like going to work.

lose one’s temper

become angry 发脾气

e.g.1. My brother has a temper and can be very nasty sometimes.

2. 永远不要发脾气，那让你看上去很软弱。

Never lose your temper — it makes you look weak.

adjust vt.

[(to)] change slightly, esp. in order to make right or make suitable for a particular purpose or situation [常与to连用] 调整，调节；校准；使合适

e.g. 1. It will take the newcomers some time to adjust to the life in this city.

2. 我的父母很难适应公寓生活。

My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.

CF: adjust adapt

这两个词组都常与“to” 连用，有“使适合” 的意思。adjust强调“调节”。adapt强调“适应”。

一般情况下，二者可互换。如：

The new students are very slow to adapt / adjust to the rules.

limp vi.

walk with an uneven step, one foot or leg moving less well than the other 一瘸一拐地走，跛行

e.g. 1. He had to limp around for a while when one of his legs was injured.

2. 受伤的足球队员跛着脚慢慢走出场地。

The injured footballer limped slowly off the field.

Word Focus:

stroll in a relaxed way for pleasure

wander with no aim or direction

stride in a confident or angry way

march soldiers

hike for long distances in the countryside or the mountains

tiptoe very quietly

wade through water

stagger in an unsteady way because you are drunk or injured

limp with difficulty because one leg is hurt or injured

dignity n.

[U]calmness, formality, and seriousness of manner or style （风度等的）庄严；端庄；尊仪；威严

e.g. 1. He decided to quit with dignity rather than remain in a workplace where everybody looked down

upon him.

2. 病人应被赋予临终去世的尊严。

Patients should be allowed to die with dignity.

incident n.

an event; a happening, esp. one that is unusual 发生的事，（尤指不平常的）事件

e.g. 1. Such an unhappy incident set me thinking about the importance of educating our young about

manners.

2. 发言人说那是一个孤立的事件。

The spokesman said it was an isolated incident.

CF: incident, event，occurrence, happening

这四个名词都有“事情”、“事件” 的意思。

incident 既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。例如：He could remember every trivial incident in great detail。

event 可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。例如：The conference was an important social event 。

occurrence多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。例如：The occurrence of failure is inevitable and independent of man’s will.

happening指发生的一般事件，尤指奇怪事件。例如：There have been reports of strange happenings in the tow n.

Difficult Sentences for Text A

1.She squeezed his arm affectionately and glanced at Larry, delighting in the pointed little face frowning in

concentration over the tunnel he was digging. (Para. 1)

Q： Paraphrase this sentence.

A：She held his arm tightly with affection and took a quick look at Larry. The boy was happy, preoccupied himself with the tunnel he was digging.

Q：What does this sentence imply?

A： It implies that the woman was quite content with her life. With her beloved family members around her, life seemed to be perfect for her.

2. He did not look up from his comics, but spat once deftly out of the corner of his mouth. (Para. 2)

Q：According to the above description, what do we know about the man?

A：The description demonstrates the man lacked good manners and his behavior was not acceptable. A civilized person usually does not spit; the word “deftly” emphasizes how often and comp etently an

action is done. As such, it seems apparent that the man spits habitually.

3. He walked awkwardly, almost limping with self-consciousness, to the sandbox. (Para. 17)

Q： From the way Morton walked, what can we know about his feelings at that moment?

A：The way Morton walked shows his admission of defeat. He also felt ashamed revealing his weakness in front of the other man.

4. Morton muttered through his teeth as they came into the street. (Para. 19)

Q：What does this sentence imply about Morton’s attitude toward the whole incident?

A：Morton was talking softly to reassure himself in a grudging way that he did not fight back not because he was afraid but because he thought it would not have done any good or proven any point.

Extended Questions

▇ Extended questions (Para. 1)

Q1: Why do you think the lady in the story felt contented at first?

A1: She felt contented because she was with her husband and son and the whole family were spending a most peaceful and enjoyable afternoon together in a park, away from all the city noises.

Q2: Do you share her feelings when you spend some leisure time in a park with your friends or family members?

A2: Students will definitely say that they remember some happy moments spent on leisure time with their friends or family members. In such cases, people naturally feel contented and happy.

Q3: What can you infer from the phrase “one arm flung around her shoulder”?

A3: Morton’s loving gesture manifests his love for his wife.

Q4: What can you infer from the sentence “How good this is, she thought, and almost smiled at her sense of well-being”?

A4: A woman usually feels very pleased with her life when accompanied by her loving husband and carefree child.

▇ Extended question (Para. 2)

Q1: What does the boy’s facial expression tell us about his attitude towards his own behaviour?

A1: He didn’t seem to think that he was doing anything wrong.

Q2: What do you know about the boy’s father from the descriptions?

A2: He read comic books, which shows that he was not highly educated; physically he was big and rough, lacking good manners.

Q3: The paragraph ends with the line “she turned her eyes away”. Why do you think she did so?

A3: Because she felt uneasy and disgusted when the man spat in public and seemed to be quite skilful in doing that, which probably meant it was his habit to spit in public.

▇ Extended questions (Paras. 3-5)

Q1: What do we learn about Larry’s personality from the line “Larry looked up at his mother… her

expression would tell him whether to cry or not”?

A1: He seemed to have a soft and weak personality as he even relied on his mother’s expression to decide whether to cry or not.

Q2: Why do you think the mother controlled her impulse to rush over to help Larry?

A2: Because she wanted him to learn to be independent and fight for himself.

Q3: Do you agree with the other boy’s father that it was a public place and his son could throw sand as he wanted over Larry’s head? Why or why not?

A3: No. It is true that a park is a public place and the boy can throw sand, but not if he throws it over others as this could do harm to them.

▇ Extended questions (Paras. 6-9)

Q1: “When the father spoke, he did not look at her, but at the boy only.” What does this line tell you about the father’s attitude towards the lady?

A1: Although he was saying something to his boy in retaliation against the lady, he didn’t talk to her directly, which seemed a deliberate attempt to ignore her.

Q2: What can you infer from the sentence “She felt a sudden weakness in her knees…”?

A2: At that moment she felt too shocked to be on her own feet. Evidently, she was rather terrified by the other man’s rudeness.

Q3: Why do you think Morton was wearing a shy and apologetic smile on his face?

A3: It may be his usual non-confrontational way of dealing with a situation like this. He was not used to such confrontations.

Q4: Morton said “…but just because this is a public place …” What do you think he would have said if the man had not stopped him?

A4: Very possibly Morton meant to say “but just because this is a public place, there is no reason to be inconsiderate.”

▇ Extended questions (Paras. 10-12)

Q1: What do you think would be the impact of the father’s words on the two boys?

A1: The two boys were both listening attentively and their thoughts and behaviour would be greatly influenced by the conversations among the adults.

Q2: From the way the man behaved and talked, what do you learn about his attitude towards Morton’s family? A2: He seemed to look down upon them, showing scorn, threat and defiance in both his words and behaviour. Extended questions (Paras. 13-14)

Q1: What can we infer from the line “He flexed his great arms, waiting”?

A1: This shows that the man was threatening and ready to get into a fight.

▇ Extended questions (Paras.15-17)

Q1: Why do you think Morton was speaking “unevenly”?

A1: He was very shocked at the man’s rude behaviour and probably was also scared about getting into a fight with the ma n.

Q2: What was the man implying when he asked “you and who else”?

A2: He was implying that Morton alone could never be his equal if they should fight.

Q3: What can you infer from the line “For a moment the two men looked at each other nakedly.”?

A3: It showed that for a moment, the two men seemed to be ready to get into a fight.

▇ Extended questions (Paras.18-19)

Q1: What was Larry’s attitude towards leaving the park?

A1: He was protesting about leaving at the beginning, but as he found his protest useless, he had to give in, but he was still unwilling to leave the sandbox.

Q2: What can you infer from the sentence “She was careful not to look at him.”?

A2: It would seem she was trying to show her defiance in this way by ignoring the rude ma n.Another possibility is that she was still too shocked and frightened and it would have been awkward for her to look

the man in the face.

Q3: What do the last two sentences in Para. 18 tell us about the woman’s feelings?

A3: Although it looked as if they were losing the battle, she felt she had a reason to feel proud and dignified as she showed contempt for the man’s uncivilized behaviour.

Q4: What do you think Morton meant by saying “A fight wouldn’t have proved anything”?

A4: He probably was trying to say that there was no sense in fighting with a rude and unreasonable perso n. It wouldn’t put him in the right anyway.

▇ Extended questions (Para. 20)

Q1: What in your opinion is the “layer of something heavy and inescapable” that Morton’s wife felt?

A1: Open.

Q2: Would you react in the same way as the woman in the face of such an incident? Why or why not?

A2: Open.

Section C Voicing Your Views

▇Work in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.

1)Have you ever encountered any confrontational situations? How did you resolve each situation? Could you

have resolved them in a different and better way? What would you do if you were confronted with a similar situation as Morton? Fill in the following table according to what you have discussed.

▇Answers for Reference:

Confrontational situations encountered:

a. An argument between good friends

b. An accident involving a car bully

c. A heated discussion on sensitive issues such as religion or race

Ways in which difficult situations were resolved and how they could be improved:

a. Calm them down and allow them time and space to reflect on the argument.

b. Report to the authorities immediately.

c. Stop the discussion before it gets out of han

d.

Possible ways to respond to Morton’s situation:

a. Stand one’s ground and try to reason with the other ma n.

b. Report the incident to the authorities.

c. Address Joe and try to educate him.

2)In the same group, share with your group members situations in which you would walk away even though

you felt unfairly treated.

Name of Group Member Situations Reason(s)

A When one feels his/her life is

being threatened

It may not be worthwhile to

risk one’s life if the matter

is not of grave seriousness.

B When one reckons that he

could not change the situation

One should know that it is

time to give up if it is

beyond one’s influence or

control.

3)Do you think there is a “win and lose” outcome in arguments? Give reasons to support your answer.

The word “argument” means that one is in conflict with another. When this happens, frequently those involved in arguments may not be cool enough to think of win-win solutions. As a result, sometimes, arguments end up in “win or lose” scenarios, but oftentimes, arguments show discord and hurt both parties in the end. It is best to resolve differences in matters of principles by peaceful talks or by resorting to law.

In resolving trivial disputes, we should always bear in mind civility and good manners and never give way to personal feelings and emotional impulses.

4)Why do you think it is important to show respect and consideration for others? How best can you do so?

It is important to show respect and consideration for others because we want to live in harmony and peace with others. In addition, we want others to appreciate us and one another. One of the ways to be respectful and considerate is to accept them as who they are and to learn about their strengths. This can be done through communication and frequent positive interaction.

Text B

Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Key Words:

alternative n.contribute vi.current a. decade n.

decline n.& vi. decrease vi.ignorant a.ignore vt.

media n.neglect n.rise n.trend n.

alternative n. [(to)]sth., esp. a course of action, that may be taken or chosen instead of one or more others [常与to连用]可供选择的事物（方式等）

e.g. Using acupuncture may provide a useful alternative to western medicine in treating arthritis.

If payment is not received legal action will be our only alternative.

CF: alternative, choice, option

这些名词均有“选择”的意思。

alternative二者（或多个选项中）择一, 可供选择的办法、事物。另，alternative也是形容词形式。

例如：

e.g. You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly: those are the two alternatives.

choice 表示从一个系列的人或物中进行挑选。例如：

e.g. There is a wide range of choices open to you.

option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由。例如：

e.g. Students have the option of studying abroad in their second year.

Collocations:

?with/without the option/choice/possibility of sth.

?a(n) good/acceptable/reasonable/possible option/choice/alternative

?the only option/choice/alternative/possibility open to somebody

?have a/an/the option/choice of doing sth.

?have no option/choice/alternative but to do sth.

? a number/range of options/choices/alternatives/possibilities

contribute vi. [(to)] help in causing a situation, event, or condition [常与to连用]起促成作用，有助于，是…的部分原因

e.g. The design faults in the building contributed to the tragedy.

The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to the discussion.

current a. belonging to the present time; of the present day 现时的，当前的，进行中的

e.g. In current society, many young people’s values are very different from those of their parents.

It seems improbable that the current situation will continue.

当前的局势似乎不大可能继续下去。

decade n. a period of ten years 十年；十年期间

e.g. How time flies! Two decades have passed since we graduated from this university.

The media training industry has rapidly developed over the past decade.

decline n. a period or process of declining; movement to a lower or worse position 衰微，衰退，下降

e.g. It is reported that there will be a big decline in student enrollment this year.

An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.

decrease vi. (cause to) become less in size, amount, strength, or quality; reduce （使）减少，减弱，减轻，降低

e.g. Accidents at this road junction have decreased after the warning sign was put up.

The North’s share of the world’s energy consumption is expected to decrease from 70% to 60%.

CF: decrease, decline, reduce

这几个动词都有“减少”的意思。

reduce是动词，指一种主观的减少，降低。名词形式：reduction。

Small businesses will need to reduce costs in order to survive.

decrease 指客观、被动地减少，下降。名词形式亦为decrease。

Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.

decline除了数值上的下降，还能指能力等抽象量的衰退、下降，名词形式亦为decline。

Her influence declined after she lost the electio n.

ignorant a. [(of)] lacking knowledge, education, or consciousness, esp. of sth. one ought to know about [常与of连用]无知的，无学识的，愚昧的，不知道的

e.g. You can’t blame him as he was ignorant of the company policy.

Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics.

They seem to be ignorant of the dangers involved.

ignore vt. take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to 不顾；不理；忽视

e.g. She simply ignored me at the party. She never looked my way.

She deliberately ignored my question and changed the subject.

media n. fml the newspapers, television, and radio 〖正式〗大众传播媒介

e.g. The media plays a very important role in shaping people’s thoughts; that’s why the government needs to

control it.

The media has a powerful influence on public opinio n.

neglect n. lack of due care or attention; negligence 忽略；疏忽；玩忽

e.g. The house is in a state of neglect as nobody has been looking after it for the last five years.

Both parents were found guilty of neglect and their child was taken away from them.

rise n. [C (in)] an increase in quantity, price, demand, etc. [常与in连用](数量、价格、需要等的）增加，增长

e.g. Because of the sharp rise in crime in the city, most people are afraid of going out at night now.

We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.

trend /trend/ n. a general tendency or direction in the way a situation is changing or developing 倾向，趋势e.g. The housing properties in the country are getting more and more expensive and I believe this

trend cannot be reversed.

The rise in violent crime is a disturbing new trend.

Expressions:

talk back on a daily/weekly/regular/ etc. basis

throw / have a fit not (even) blink an eye

be/lie at the root of sth. in a (good/bad/new/different etc.) light

on the rise give a (good) reason / excuse for

for the most part result in

get away with put an end to

put a stop to show up

due to

talk back answer sb. in authority such as a teacher or parent in a rude or impolite way 顶嘴，反驳

e.g. Mary was really irritated that her teenage son talked back to her each time she scolded him.

Children who talk back are regarded as cheeky and disrespectful.

on a daily/weekly regular/ etc. basis (do it) daily/weekly/regularly 每天/每周/定期地

e.g. After he learned that his blood sugar/glucose level was high, he started to do exercises on a daily basis.

Payments can be evened out (使平均) on a monthly basis over the year.

throw/have a fit fig.; infml get very angry and fly into a rage 〖喻；非正式〗勃然大怒

e.g. If you say that dirty word again, your mother will throw a fit.

John threw a fit when he found his car had been damaged.

not (even) blink an eye show no surprise at sth. that sb. else says or does 毫无反应；无动于衷

e.g. She wouldn’t even blink an eye if I jumped off a high building in front of her. She simply has no feelings

for me at all.

When he was told I was expecting twins, Harry didn’t even blink an eye.

be/lie at the root of sth. be the cause of sth. 是……的根源；是……的起源

e.g. What lies at the root of his troubles is a sense of insecurity.

The rule of law lies at the root of everything Hong Kong stands for, and that’s why I chose this

professio n.

in a (good/bad/new/different etc.) light (seen or shown) in a favourable/ unfavourable/ new/ different, etc. way ( used for talking about people’s opinion of a particular person or thig) 以赞同的/不赞同的/新的/不同的目光或态度去理解；对…有赞同的/不赞同的/新的/不同的看法

e.g. His analysis of the situation enabled me to see this incident in a new light.

Most of the articles about the dispute showed the mayor in a very bad light.

on the rise becoming greater or more numerous; increasing 增加，增

e.g. The interest rates have been on the rise in the last two years.

Rates of rural and urban unemployment were on the rise.

give a (good) reason/excuse for explain 解释

e.g. The boss did not give a single good reason for dismissing Jane from her post.

He’s lied to us before, so give me one good reason for believing him now.

for the most part almost completely; mainly 多半，主要，就绝大部分而言

e.g. For the most part, it is the parents’ duty to properly educate their children about manners.

This town has always been considered safe, and for the most part, it still is.

result in [no pass.] have as a result; cause [无被动态]导致，造成

e.g. It is estimated that about five percent of the road accidents in this town result in death.

I hope that this will result in the police finding your car.

get away with do (sth. wrong) without being caught or punished 做成（坏事、错事）未被发觉（未受惩罚）e.g. You shouldn’t think you can get away with this.Cheating in an exam is a serious offence.

Those who lie and cheat will never get away with it.

put an end to stop from happening or existing any more 使终止，使结束

e.g. He has been spreading rumour about our past for too long. We need to put an end to all his nonsense.

We must put an end to the pointless conflict.

put a stop to stop (esp. an undesirable activity) 制止…，使…停下来

e.g. Let’s put a stop to such regular meetings. Many things can be done through email communicatio n.

He closed his eyes to put a stop to all distracting thoughts, sitting there quietly and peacefully.

show up reveal or be revealed clearly （使）显露，（使）显现

e.g. The cracks in the wall show up in the sunlight.

The new telescope is so powerful that it can show up galaxies billions of light years away.

due to because of; caused by 由于，因为，是…的结果

e.g. Due to his carelessness and neglect, the house got flooded by water from his kitchen tap.

Due to wet leaves on the line, this train will arrive an hour late.

Section B Difficult Sentences

1. The general level of respect people have for other people has declined rapidly in the past few decades and it will continue to decrease until we teach ourselves and our children otherwise. (Para. 1)

1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.

Key:

在过去几十年间，人们给予他人的尊重的总体水平急剧下降。倘若我们不自我教育，也不教育孩子，这种局面将每况愈下。

2) Make a sentence with the underlined structure.

Key:

The environmental situation in that region has declined rapidly in the past few years and it will continue to decrease until every resident improve his awareness and take actio n.

2. Of course, the media have also contributed to the growing problem by portraying the rudeness of our youth in a comical light in many modern family sitcoms. (Para. 2)

1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.

Key:

当然，媒体也在这个日益严重的问题上推波助澜，很多现代家庭情景喜剧描绘年轻人的粗鲁行为只为博人一笑。

1)Analyze the structure of this sentence

Key:

主语：the media；谓语：have also contributed to；宾语：the growing problem；状语：“by portraying the rudeness of our youth”，“in a comical light”，“in many modern family sitcoms”。

3. It is too bad that there isn’t a single good reason to give them for the loss of manners Americans seem to

suffer from. (Para. 3)