英语专业八级历年真题听力词汇

121,124班同学表格中的单词10月13日小测试中听写

Specialized 专

relevance negotiation statue evidence

业的

approach adaptation hypothesis syntax general

education

launch journals enrollment colony flexibility questionnaire headquarters pros and cons tutor audiolingua

l monologue specialist brainstorming Imagery implications security privilege slavery ancestor, offspring composer subtitle architecture solo monarchy orchestra native art gallery cello opera civilization boom prosperity multilingual bilingual,

dimension inspiration urbanization pension cultural

diversity

cultural shock survey randomly Islam Buddhism statistics sample definition convention Christianity data paraphrase interpretation objective terminology academic capitalism quantity sonnet masterpiece eloquence realism rhetoric fable aesthetics genre classicism essay prose epic

adaptability methodology

Feel at ease 感觉轻松

Recall 回忆，回想

Good talker 善于言谈者

Secure 安全adj

Acquaintance 熟人，认识的人Observation 观察n

Observe v

Extrovert n 外向的人

Introvert 内向的人

Respond 回应，回答

Skillful 有技能的，有技术的Conversationalist 健谈者Recommend 建议

TV presenter 电视节目主持人Fascinating 吸引人的

Notorious 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的Billionaire 亿万富翁

Responder 回答者，应答者Catchword 醒目的字和词语Invitation 邀请n

Listen for 听取，听到

Obvious 明显的

Idle 闲散的，无所事事的Component 组成部分

Subject 主题

Stick to 坚持

Assume 假设

Tones of voice 音调Astonishment 惊讶n

Astonish v

Launch 开始

Academic discussion 学术讨论Imagery 意象，肖像，图像，比喻Mild 温和的，温柔的

Animated 有活力的，活泼的Unanimated 无生气的，不活泼的Intend 意图，打算Sole 唯一的

Monologue 独白

Gaze 凝视

Wander 漫游

Stare 凝视

Glare 怒目而视

Attentive 留心听的，注意的，警惕的

Discomfort 不舒服，不舒适

Ease v 使···放松

Uneasy 不安的

Hesitate 犹豫v

Hesitant adj

Invariably 总是

Light 轻松的

Visible 可见的

Soften 软化

Loosen 松动

In response to 回应

Cement n 水泥

Cement v 加强，巩固，用水泥粘合Parting 分手，分离，分别Determine 决定

Take advantage of 利用，占···的便宜

Parting moment 分离时刻

Close the deal 结束某事，成交（生意）

Firm adj 紧握的，牢牢的Handshake 握手

Take over 接管，接任，接手Hand squeeze 握手

Body language 肢体语言

Form friendship 发展友谊Professor 教授

Emeritus 退休而保留头衔的Academic career 学术生涯

Tutor 导师

Department head 部门主管Dean 系主任，院长

Vice chancellor 副校长

Brand new 全新的

Fantastic 极好的，了不起的；不切实际的

Competition 竞争

Degree 学位

Arts faculty 艺术系，文学院Preparation 准备

Profession 专业，职业

General education 普通教育Striking 惊人的

Specialized 专业的

Subsequent 随后的，后来的Educator 教育人员，教学人员，教育工作者

Administrator 管理人，行政人员Institution 机构

Broad 宽泛的，宽广的，广义的Context 环境，语境

Elite education 精英教育

Mass education 大众教育Privilege 特权，特有的好处Graduate 本科毕业生，（美国）研究生

Emphasis 强调

Program 项目

Practical 实际的

Utilitarian 功利的

Utilize v 利用

Utility n 用处

Personal development 个人发展Regret 后悔

Bachelor 单身汉；学士

Cater to 迎合

Decent 适当的，得体的Technical 技术的

Technical institution 技术学院，职业培训机构

At the expense of 以···为代价Comment on 评价，评论Phenomenon 现象

Phenomena （pl）

Fees 费用，（尤指）学费On···grounds 以···为根据，Financial 经济的，金钱的Contend 主张，争辩

Maintain standard 维持标准Concentrate on 集中

Quality 质量

Judge 判断，评判

Relevant 相关的

Shift 转换

Independent 独立的

Flexibility 灵活性

Flexible adj

Adaptability 适应性

Adapt v

Adaptation n

Adaptable adj

Guarantee 保证

Technically trained 技术培训的Definite 绝对的

In a sense 从某种意义上说

No doubt 毫无疑问

Intellectual 智力的，善于思考的Philosopher 哲学家

Philosophy 哲学

Value of life 生命的价值Common ground 共同点Generation 代

Challenge 挑战

Cornerstone 基石

Legacy 遗产

Rest on 依赖于

Construction 建设

Lab 实验室= laboratory

Ever-adaptable 适应性强的，永远能适应的

Essence 核心，精华

Education of mind 思想的教育

Senior 大四学生Instructor 教练，导师Instruct v Instruction n

Library research 图书馆查阅资料Research paper 研究报告

Compare 比较

Essay 论文，短文

Involve 涉及

Define 定义v

Definition n

Identify 识别身份，确认Audience 观众，听众

Raw material 原材料

Outline n 大纲，提纲v 列提纲Revise 修改（内容）

Printed material 书面材料Periodical n 学术期刊adj 定期的Take notes 做笔记Brainstorming 头脑风暴，集思广益Pre-writing stage 写作前的阶段Survey 调查

Available 可获得的

A given topic 固定的话题Analytical 分析的，分析性的adj Analyze v = analyse

Analysis n 单数

Analyses n 复数

Argument 争论，议论文

Proof n

Eventually 最终地=finally Definite 固定的，特定的，绝对的，Manage the source 整理材料Survey-type research paper 调查性质的分析报告

Argumentative research paper 议论性的分析报告

Gather facts 收集资料=collect Interpret 解释说明=explain Evaluate 评估，评定，测评Quotation 引用n

Quote v

Summary 概括

Summarize v

Paraphrase 解释，释义，意译Representative sampling 典型抽样

Objective 客观的

Subjective 主观的

Pros and cons 优缺点，利弊Attitude 态度

Side with 赞同某人观点

Cite 引用，举例

Relevant 有关的

Irrelevant 无关的

Vary with 与···不同

Reveal 显示，揭露，提出，提示Present v 提出，展示

Defend 辩证，论证，保护，辩护Interpretation n 解释Considerable 大量的，程度高的Historical event 历史事件Contemporary 同时代的，当代的Active 积极的，有活力的，主动的Statement 声明，陈述，立场，评估报告

Conclusion 结论

Initial 首先的，首要的

Subject 主题，主旨

Process 过程，程序

Consult 咨询，查询

Readily 轻而易举地，便利地

Cut down 砍下，缩小，减少，降低= narrow down

Manageable 可操控的，易于处理的Reasonable 合理的

Realistic 现实的，现实主义的Scarcely 几乎不= hardly，seldom

Let alone 更不要说，不干涉，不打扰

Specific 具体的

Revolution 革命

Franco-American Alliance 法国与美国联合，法美同盟

Possibility 可能性= likelihood Goal 目标，目的=aim，purpose，objective，target

Investigation n 调查

Investigate v

Suppose 假设

Finance n 财政，金融

Finance v 提供资金，资助College education 大学教育

Current 现在的，当下的，目前的Educational opportunity 教育机会Financial status 财政状况，经济能力

Financial aid 经济支援，财政辅助Charge 收费，开价

Issue 话题，事件，争论点，争端Concentrate on 集中=focus on Edit the draft 编辑稿件

Look into 调查，深入了解

Verify 核实，查证

Verification n

Unattractive 不吸引人的，无趣的Proportion 比例

Mental illness 精神疾病，心理疾病Physical illness 生理疾病Childhood 童年

Sensible 合理的

Eat sensibly 合理饮食

Develop illnesses 得病Concerned about 关心Family feeling 家庭情感

Lock up 锁上

Apart from 远离，除了···还有Married 已婚的

Household 家庭

Private 私隐的，个人的

Sign 标记，符号

Increased loneliness 逐渐增加的孤独感

Take place 发生，出现

Gradual 逐渐的

Recognize 识别，认可Interesting experiment 有趣的实验

Tend to 趋向，偏向

Perform 表现，表演

Evening class 晚班

Steadily improve 稳定上升Written language 书面语Spoken language 口头语

Literary works 文学作品

Novel 小说

Poem 诗歌

Invariably 总是

Intend 意图，打算

Evidence 线索，证据

Text 文本

Tradition 传统

Literary trend 文学思潮，文学流派Cultural value 文化价值

Symbol 象征

Background research 背景调查，背景研究Scholar 学者

Property 特质，特点，性质

Diction 语言风格

Image 形象

Educated 受教育的

Competent 有能力的

Inevitable 无法避免的

Interpretation 解释说明

Grammatical conventions 语法惯例Cultural code 文化准则

Hand down 传承

Perspective 观点

Belief 信念

Response 反应

In a sense 从某种意义上来说

Inescapable 无法逃避的

Essential issue 要点

Contextual 上下文的，语境的

Competency 能力，技能

Constructed 建设的，设立的、Evoke 激发，激起Style 风格

In regard to 关于，涉及

Comprehend 理解，掌握

Insist 坚持

Social structure 社会结构

Tradition of writing 写作传统

Personal influence 个人影响

Imaginative 想象中的

Negotiation 谈判

Acquire 获得，取得

Phenomenon 现象

Derive from 来源于，来自于

Resume 简历n

Resume 继续v

Psychology department 心理部门Fascinating 吸引人的

Problem-solving approach 解决问题的方法Confirm 确认

Practical 现实的，实际操作的

Orientation 导向

Temporary 暂时的，临时的

Design a survey 设计一个调查

Analyse 分析

Produce a report 提交一份报告

Advertising agency 广告公司，广告中介

Office furnishing 办公室装饰

Sophisticated 复杂的

Questionnaire 调查问卷

Shampoo 洗发香波

Brand 品牌

Agency 代理机构

Campaign 运动，活动

Assistant researcher 代理研究员

Research department 研究部门

Challenge 挑战

Position 职位，地位

Senior researcher 高级研究员

Combine 结合，联合

Management skill 管理技能

Research interest 研究兴趣

Varied work 多变的工作，丰富的工作

Job description 工作的描述

Application 申请

Cutback 裁员

Present 目前的

Administer 管理，治理

Assistant 助手

Section 部门=sector=department

Word processing 文字处理

Photocopy 影印，复印

Secretary 秘书

Secretarial 秘书的，文书的Type 打字In short hand 快速的

Personal computer 个人电脑=PC

On the track 在轨道上，未离题

Experimental design 实验设计Undergraduate 在读本科生

Postgraduate 在读研究生

Career 职业

Career path 职业规划

Upgrade 升级

Qualifications 资格

Enroll 招聘，招生

Enrollment n

MA=Master of Arts 文学硕士

General history 通史

Politics 政治

Economics 经济学

Reflect 反应

Political value 政治观念

Religious belief 宗教信仰

Emotions 情绪，情感

Daily activity 日常活动

Ancestor 祖先

Ceremony 庆典活动

Essential quality 重要的特征

Human society 人类社会

Civilization 文化

Objective 客观的

Subjective 主观的Victim 受害者

Power 权利，力量Misuse 滥用，误用Continent 大陆

Anger 愤怒

Sadness 悲伤

Depict 描绘

Religious art 宗教艺术Bible 圣经

Absence 缺席，不存在Image 形象

Islamic 伊斯兰教的Islam 伊斯兰教

Unholy 不神圣的Palace 宫殿

Mosque 清真寺Decoration 装饰，装饰品Geometric 几何的Geometry 几何

Circle 圆形

Square 正方形

Triangle 三角形Traditional art 传统艺术Christian 基督教的Influence 影响Spiritual power 精神力量Tribe 部落

Tribal adj

Mask 面具

Head dress 头饰，皇冠Costume 服侍

Glass case 玻璃柜子Admire 羡慕，仰慕Statue 雕像，雕塑Admirer 羡慕者，仰慕者Anti-war 反战的Statement 陈述，表达Existence 存在Functions 功能Practical 实际的，实在的Tribal society 部落社会Appreciate 欣赏Reflection n 反应

Take place 发生

Accordingly 相应地

Figure 人像，人形，体形，身材

Simplicity 简单

Significance 重要性

Historical event 历史事件

Airline passenger 乘客

Volume 量，音量

Takeoff 起飞

Landing 降落

Handle 处理

Flight 航班

Aircraft 飞机

Schedule n 时间表v 安排，排班

Load 装载

Line up 排列，排队i

Lounge 候机厅

Overbook 过量预定

Announcement 通知，通告

Loudspeaker 喇叭，广播

Oversell 过量销售

Volunteer n 自愿者v 自愿

Cash 现金

Bribe 贿赂

Guarantee 保证

Confirm 确认

Reservation 预定

Presumably 假设

Peak times 高峰期，旺季

Off-peak 淡季

Public holiday 公共假期

Fare 费用

Baggage 行李

Hand luggage 随身行李

Inexperienced 无经验的，缺乏经验的Business traveller 商务出差人员，上午旅行者Full price 全价

Option 选择

Via 提过

Destination 目的地

Efficiency 效率

Energy 能量

Unexpected 意料之外的

Typhoon 台风

Break down 出故障Optimistic 乐观的Pessimistic 悲观的

Travel agent 旅行社

Discount 打折

First class 头等舱

Business class 商务舱Economy class 经济舱

On one's behalf 代表某人Overnight 过夜的，一夜之间Stuck 卡住，陷在

Dreadful 可怕的

Break 休息

Weekend break 周末的休闲时光Stopover 中转

Hotel chains 连锁酒店

Popularity 普及度，受欢迎度Widely used 普遍使用的

Native 本土的，本地的

Lingua franca 世界语

Term 专业术语

Refer to 意指，提及

Adopt 使用，运用，采用Singaporean 新加坡人

First language 第一语言

Second language 第二语言Foreign language 外语Increase dramatically 急剧增长Present status 当前状态，目前的地位

Interlock 相互影响

Interlocking reasons 多方面原因Historical 历史的

Economic 经济的

Cultural 文化的

Factor 因素

Sustain 维持

Spread 传播

Colonial 殖民的adj

Colony 殖民地n

Colonize 殖民v

Colonization 殖民n

Colonizer 殖民者

Pilgrim Fathers 清教徒Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州

Belief 信念，信仰（复数beliefs）Pioneering spirit 探索精神

Desire 欲望，强烈的愿望

Colonial master = colonizer Plant the flag 竖起旗帜，插上旗帜A bunch of 一捆，一束，一群（人）Convict 囚犯

Guardian 保卫者

Former 前者

British Empire 大英帝国

Unify 联合，统一，一致Dominate 占据主要地位，支配位置，主要位置

Variety 多样化，种类繁多Indigenous 本地的，当地的Problematic 有问题的，引起问题的Maintain 维持

Imposition 强迫，被迫接受Impose v

Ministration 帮助，服侍，辅助Fade away 逐渐减弱消失Institutional 由来已久的，习以为常的，制度上的

Institution n

Far apart 遥远的

Commerce 商业

Commercial adj

Phenomenon 现象

Phenomena pl

Sight 景色，景象

Diverse 多种多样的

Diversity n

Fast food restaurant 快餐店Brand 品牌

Outlet 零售店，专卖店

Boom 快速的发展，迅猛增长International travel 国际旅行Multi-lingualism 多语种，多语制Demonstrate 表现，展示，示威游行

Demonstration n

Airlines 航空公司，航线Announcement 播报，广播Broadcast 播放，播报

Air-traffic control 空中交通管制Sea travel 海上交通

Sea travel communication Information exchange 信息交流Academic discourse 学术演说，课堂授课

Conference 会议

Journal article 学术期刊，学术文章Astronomy 天文学

Trial psychology 审讯心理学（Trial psychology:communication and persuasion in the courtroom）Zoology 动物学

Default language 缺省语言Default 违约，弃权，不履行义务，计算机系统预设，省略时的解释

Cite 引用

Pop music 流行音乐

Medium song 媒体音乐

Cinema goer 电影观众

TV viewer 电视观众

Subtitle 副标题，字母

Subtitled film 配字幕的电影Assure 确保，保证，确定

Split 分裂

Mutually 相互的

Intelligible 可读懂的，明白易懂的Objection 反对n

Object v

Wasteful 浪费的

Fuel crisis 能源危机，燃料危机Conserve 保护，保存，节约

Oil 石油

Deliberate 故意的

Jet 飞机

A heck of 大量的，一大笔的（钱）Petrol 燃油

Short-sighted 目光短浅的Rationale 基本原理，根本道理Existing 现存的

Swarm n 一大群，v 蜂拥，拥堵Swarmed adj = crowded Unnecessary tourism 不必要的旅行

Dreadful 可怕的

Cold spell 春寒期

Tremendous 巨大的Reasonable climate 适宜的气候Mild 温和的，温柔的

Mild climate

Sympathize v 同情

Sympathize with 支持Sympathy n

Sympathetic adj

Reckon 认为

Motorway 高速公路

Desolate adj 荒芜的，无人居住的v 破坏，毁坏

Infrastructure 基础设施

Rely on 依赖于，依靠

Facility 设备，设施

Pilot 飞行员

Stewardess 空姐，女乘务员Concept 概念

Outdated 过时的

Lift up telephone 拿起电话

Press the button 按下按钮

Back and forth 来回地

Personal contact 当面接触，人际关系

Experimental report 实验报告

Preliminary 开端的，预备性的，初步的

Concerning 涉及

Emphasis 强调，重点（单数）

Emphases （复数）

Emphasize v = emphasise

Methodology 方法论

Statistics 数据，统计学

Pleasant surprise 惊喜

Dare 敢于

Shock 震惊

Undoubtedly 毫无疑问地

Journals 学术期刊

Critically 批判性地

Model 模型，模具

Theory 理论

Assumption 假设

Assume v

Hypothesis 假设

Hypotheses （复数）

Scholar 学者

Specialist 专家= expert

Prominence 显著，突出，声望

Give prominence to 突出，重视

Process 过程，程序

Ancient 古老的

Story teller 讲故事的人

Structure n 结构v 行程结构，组织

In accordance with 根据

Widely recognized 被规范认可的

Long established conventions 长久以来的传统

Novelist 小说家

Dictate 讲述，口述，规定，指令

Form 形式（文学上的）

Content 内容

Invariably = always 总是

Spell out 详细地说明

On the part of 从某人的角度来说，就···而言，在···方面Govern 管理，统治，支配

Structured 有组织的，有安排的

Disciplined 受过训练的，遵守纪律的

Section 部分，区域

Established 确定的，建立的，制定的

Sequence 次序

Chunk 相当大的部分（如文章）

Introduction 简介，引言部分

Method section 方法部分

Result section 结论部分

Discussion part 讨论部分

Formal 正式的

Document 文件，资料

Composed of 由···组成，包含

A series of 一系列的

Specific information 具体的信息

Precise 精确的，精细的

Subsection 分段，小节，分项

Address the report 演说，演讲

Mark n 分数v 打分，评分

Assess 评估，评定

Assessment n

On behalf of 代表，为了

Idealize 理想化

Hypothetical 假说的

Intelligent 聪明的，有才智的

Unknowledgeable 缺乏知识的，没有知识的

Relevant 有关的

Background 背景

Argument 论证

Define 定义，下定义

Technical terms 专业术语=terminology

Collect data 收集数据

Analyse data 分析数据

Obtain 获得

Take for granted 想当然，认为···是理所当然的，对···不予重视Approach 方法

Subject 科目，主题

Hand in 提交，上交

Expectation 期待，预期

Author 作者

Implications 暗指，暗示，暗含的意义

Evidence 证据，迹象

Grasp 掌握，理解领会

Format 排版，版式，设计，格式

Justify 证明···是合理的

Choice of topic 话题的选择

Design 设计

Conduct the study = do the study 做研究

Conduct 执行

Develop the habit 养成习惯

Entertain 愿意考虑，娱乐，招待，款待Watch out 小心，谨慎

Undertake 开始，着手做

Project 项目

Justification 正当的理由

Contradicted 矛盾的，冲突的

Findings 调查结果

Basic issue 基本的事件

Reader awareness 读者的意识

So on and so forth 等等Distinguished 著名的，出名的Toastmaster 宴会主持人，祝酒提议人Effective 有效果的

Speaking and listening skill 听说技能Headquarters 总部

Headquartered 总部设在···

Two-fold 双面的，两面的

Personal growth 个人的成长，个人的发展Communication skill 交流技能Professional 专业的，职业的

Definitely 绝对地，肯定地

At large 一般的，总的；逍遥法外的Public speaking 公开演讲

Overall 总的，总体的

Self-confidence 自信

Job situation 工作环境，职业状况Involved in 参与，卷入

Deliver the message 传递信息

Logical 逻辑的adj

Logic 逻辑n

Fashion 方式，时尚，流行

Get tense 变得紧张

Get calm 冷静下来

Organize thoughts 整理思路Feedback 反馈

Menu 菜单

Guidelines 指导方针

Cater to 满足···的需求，迎合Objective 目标

Vocal 嗓音的，用语言表达的

Humor 幽默

Parliamentary procedure 议会程序

Master of ceremony 庆典的主持人Assignment 作业，任务

Preparation 准备

Present v 呈现，展现

Evaluator 评价者

Serve as 作为···功能

Grammarian 语法学家

Monitor 监督，监控

Filler 填充物

Phrase 短语

Enhance 加强

Craft 技能，手艺，工艺

Sample 样品

Determine 决定

Gain 获得

Trick 小伎俩，诀窍，技巧

Trade 手艺，职业

Progress v 进步，发展

Fearful 害怕的

Peer 同龄人，同地位的人；贵族

Address somebody 向某人讲话（正式地）Degree 程度

Leadership 领导地位，领导身份，领导才能Conduct meeting 主持会议

Classification 分类=categorization

Deal with 处理，应对，对付Member 成员，会员Assumption 假设

Regarding 涉及，关于

Personal space 个人空间Anthropology 人类学Anthropologist 人类学家American Indians 美国印第安人Relations 关系

Interact 互动，相互作用，相互影响Place sth on 放置在某位置，将某物置于某处境

Continuum 连续统一体

Range from···to 范围在···与···之间，在···与···之间变动

High-context 高语境

Low-context 低语境Significance 重要性，意义Significant 重要的

In terms of 从某个方面而言Dependence 依靠，依赖Depend v

Dependent adj

Group thinking 团队思维Involvement 参与，牵连，兴趣Closeness 亲密感，亲近

Privacy 隐私，私密性

Violated 违背，冒犯adj

Violate v

Jostle 推撞，推挤

Body language 肢体语言Definition 定义

Polychronic 多次发生的

Multiple 复合的，多方面的Standard adj 标准的；n 标准Emphasize v 强调

Emphasis n（sing）

Emphases n （pl）

Punctuality 准时n

Punctual adj Be supposed to 应该，被期望

Set standard 固定的标准，既定的标准

Clock time 时钟时间

The opposite 相反的，反面Event 事件

Entity 实体

Regardless of 不管，不顾Surroundings 环境

Individuality 个人特征，个性Concept 概念

Invasion 入侵，侵犯

Respect 尊敬

Desire 欲望

Monochronic 同时存在的，同时发生的

Lateness 迟到，晚点

Flexibility 灵活性

Flexible adj 灵活的

Expect 期待

Commodity 货物，货品Reinforce 增强，加强

Stress v 强调；n 重点

Aware 意识的，有意识的Relevance 相关性

Reality 现实

Negotiations 谈判，协商，商量Interpersonal relations 人际关系Affect 影响

Multicultural situation 多文化状态Take into account 考虑到

Brief 简短的，简洁的

Radio talk 电台访谈

Applied linguist 应用语言学家Applied linguistics 应用语言学Second language acquisition 第二语言习得

Competent 能胜任的，能干的Competency 能力，胜任，技能=competence

Attempt to 试图，尝试Research study 学习研究

Syntax 句法，语句结构

Beyond a certain age 超过某个年龄

Motivation 动机，动力，目的Similarity 相似性

Mother tongue 母语Idiosyncratic 特质的，与众不同的Idiosyncrasy 特质，特征Feature 特征，特质

Relative 相关的

Acquire 获得，得到

Language learning problem 语言学习能力

Error 错误

Syntactic construction 语句结构Differ v 有区别，不像Complicated 复杂的

Process 程序

Method 方法

Effective 有效果的

Absolutely 绝对地

Specific conditions 具体的状态Translation 翻译

Grammar teaching 语法教学Direct method 直接的方法Conversational skills 对话技能Audiolingual 通过听说的Emphasize A before B 强调A而不是B

Immersion 沉入，浸入Exclusive 排除性的，排他性的Medium 媒体，渠道

Natural method 自然的方法Submersion 浸没

Theoretical 理论的

Theory 理论

Model 模型，模具

Put forward 提出

Hypothesis 假设，假说

Propose 提出，提议

Monitor method 监控方法Distinction 区分，差别Unconscious 无意识的Conscious 意识的

Automatic 自动的Automatically 自动地

Effortful 充满努力的，需要努力的Natural order 自然的顺序Central 核心的

Enable 使···能够

Edit 编辑

Output 出产，产品，产量，信息输出

Input 输入

Comprehensible 可以理解的，能充分理解的

Comprehend 理解

Meaning and form 含义和形式Filter 过滤

Filter hypothesis 过滤假说Attitude and emotional factor 态度和情感因素

Framework 框架，参考标准，体系Influential 有影响力的

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