2013届高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案必修3_Unit_5 Canada―“The_True_North”
【新课标人教版】（全国通用）2013届高考英语一轮复习精讲精练学案必修3 Unit 5Canada
—“The True North”
Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦
1．Mary is my former________(校友) and we used to play volleyball together in high school. 答案：schoolmate
2．Fortunately，there was a hospital________(在附近) so the man was sent there immediately. 答案：nearby
3．The university held a very________(给人深刻印象的) opening ceremony and all the students were very happy.
答案：impressive
4．Don’t get too close；the building looks more beautiful from a________(距离)．
答案：distance
5．According to the________(传统) of this area，the bride’s family organizes the wedding ceremony.
答案：tradition
6．You’d better not take Lily going horse riding；she has been________(害怕) of horses since childhood.
答案：terrified
7．I prefer the peaceful country life to the busy and noisy________(城市的) life.
答案：urban
8．Look carefully，and you will see that there’s a________(轻微的) difference between the two pictures.
答案：slight
9．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，________(富有的) and wise.
答案：wealthy
10．People found the little match girl dead in the street at________(黎明)．
答案：dawn
Ⅱ.重点短语扫描
1．rather 与其；不愿
2．to do设法做
3．have a gift 对……有天赋
4．the way一直
5．as as远到；直到
6．go 穿过，检查
7．settle 定居；平静下来；专心于
8．catch sight 看见；瞥见
9．the distance在远处
10．dream 梦想
11．dawn在黎明时
12．go 去商业区
than
manage
for
all
far
through
down
of
in
of
at
downtown
Ⅲ.课文原句突破
1．它是世界上第二大国家。
It is________ ________ ________ ________in the world.
答案：the second largest country
2．她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再乘火车从西向东横穿加拿大到达东海岸。________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada.
答案：Rather than take the aeroplane all the way
3．那里的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
It is________wet there________the trees are extremely tall，some________over 90 metres. 答案：so；that；measuring
4．她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔，因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。
They were________leaving for Montreal________later，so they went on a tour of the city.
答案：not；until
5．很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
It’s too bad you can’t go ________ ________ ________Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
答案：as far as
urround vt.& vi.包围；围绕
教材原句P34：People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city，surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。
①As a child，I was surrounded by love and kindness.
幼年时我备受关爱。
②After being surrounded by the police for several days，the robber had to give in.被警察包围几日后，抢匪不得不投降。
③From the top of the hill you can see all the surrounding countryside.从山顶上你可以看到周围的山村。
④Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.
人人喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
⑤I came to realize that the key to success lay in trying to surround myself with creative people.我逐渐意识到成功的关键在于我应该尽量结交有创造性的人。
1.________by a group of children，the old man was delighted.
A．Surrounded B．Surrounding
C．To be surrounded D．T o be surrounding
解析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，the old man和surround之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。动词不定式一般用来作目的状语。
答案： A
measure vt.& vi.测量；衡量；判定；n.办法，措施；尺寸
教材原句P34：It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。
①The nurse weighed me and measured my height.
护士称了一下我的体重，然后量了一下我的身高。
②You can’t measure someone by the clothes they wear.
你不能以衣着衡量一个人。
③You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.你们应采取有效措施来改善你们的工作条件。
④In the old days，my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with Spring Festival coming.
过去，妈妈在春节来临时总是为我量身做新衣服。
⑤The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.衡量一个人真正的品质，要看他在知道永远也不会被人发现的情况下做些什么。
2.完成句子
(1)______________(按照她的尺寸做) at the famous tailor’s shop，the dress fits her well.
(2)The government should________________(采取措施) reduce crime in the area.
答案：(1)Made to her measure(2)take measures/steps/action to
confirm vt.证实；证明(尤指提供证据来证明)；后面可以跟名词、代词作宾语，也可以跟从句作宾语
教材原句P38：The next morning the bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red，gold and orange，and there was frost on the ground，confirming that fall had arrived in Canada. 第二天早上，在她们的车窗外到处是灌木丛和枫树，挂满朱红、赤金和橘黄色的叶子，地面上覆盖了一层薄霜，表明秋天已经来到了加拿大。
①The experiment confirmed his theory.
那实验印证了他的理论。
②The recent airplane crash confirms my belief that stronger safety regulations are needed.
最近的空难坚定了我们的信念，更需要安全措施。
③He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.
他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。
④It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.已经确定会议于下周召开。
3.I called the airline to________my flight reservation a week before I left for Toronto.
A．see B．consult
C．confirm D．strengthen
解析：句意为“我去多伦多一周前给航空公司打电话确认预定的飞机票”。根据句意，C为正确答案，confirm证实；证明。
答案： C
distance n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远；v.不介入；与……疏远
教材原句P38：In the distance，they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls，which is on the south side of the lake.远处，她们可以看到湖的南边尼亚加拉大瀑布上方升腾着的雾霭。
(1)at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远
in the distance在远方
at a distance of在……远的地方
from a distance从远处/方
keep sb.at a distance对……冷淡，与……疏远
(2)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的
①I saw some smoke in the distance.我看到远处有些烟。
②It’s better for you to keep him at a distance.
你最好不要和他亲近。
③The railway station is at a distance of two miles away from our school.火车站离我们学校有两英里的路程。
4.完成句子
(1)The faces of the famous American Presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen____________________(从50英里处)．
(2)She was warned to______________________(远离他) Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt. 答案：(1)from a distance of 50 miles(2)keep her distance from
impress vt.使铭记；铭刻；给……留下极深的印象
①Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话语使我铭记在心。
②My father impressed me with the value of hard work.
父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。
③I was deeply impressed by/at/with his speech.
他的演说给我留下了深刻的印象。
5.The new teacher made a good________on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
A．feeling B．effect
C．impression D．sense
解析：考查名词词义辨析。make a good impression on sb.给某人留下好印象。句意为：那位新老师以丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。
答案： C
6．(2010·金华十校3月联考)The conference has been held to discuss the ________of global warming on people’s lives all over the world.
A．importance B．effects
C．protection D．impression
解析：考查名词辨析。effects 意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。其他选项不合题意：importance 意思是“重要性”；protection 意思是“保护”；impression意思是“印象”。
答案： B
settle down定居；平静下来；专心于
教材原句P34：That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats.那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。
①Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson.
你等学生都静下心来再开始上课。
②I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Beijing.
得知你定居北京，我很高兴。
③With so much noise around，I couldn’t settle down to my work.周围有那么多噪音，我不能静下心来专心工作。
④With his help，we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析和解决问题。
⑤It took her a while to settle into her new job.
她过了一段时间才适应了新工作。
⑥The two sides have reached a settlement in the dispute.
双方就土地纠纷达成了协议。
7.When someone________，he or she starts living a quiet life in one place，especially when he or she gets married or buys a house.
A．sets down B．settles down
C．moves down D．puts down
解析：根据主句的意思可知此处用settle down (定居，过安定的生活)。set down写下，记下；move down向下移；put down写下，放下。
答案： B
catch sight of看见……；发现……
教材原句P34：Earlier that day，when they crossed the Rocky Mountains，they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.火车先是穿越落基山脉，她们总算看到了野山羊，甚至还看到了一只大灰熊和一只鹰。
①I caught sight of an empty seat at the back of the bus.
我看到公共汽车的后面有一个空座位。
②Suddenly，I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
突然，在人群中我看到了英语老师。
lose sight of看不见
at first sight乍看起来
at the sight of一看见
in sight在看得见的范围内
out of sight在看不见的地方
③Suddenly they got separated，and then lost sight of each other.
突然，他们分开了，看不见彼此。
④At first sight their demands seemed reasonable.
乍看起来，他们的要求似乎满合理的。
8.The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common________in many parts of the city.
A．look B．sign
C．sight D．appearance
解析：句意为：在大街上挂衣服在城市里的许多地方都很常见。look表情；样子；sign 迹象；sight景象；appearance外表。
答案： C
9．At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________.
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
解析：句意为：在车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车从她的视野中消失。out of sight 看不见，在视野之外；out of reach够不到，力所不能及的；out of order混乱的；out of place 不适合的，不恰当的。
答案： A
manage to do something设法做某事
①Though we left home very late，we managed to catch the last bus.尽管我们出门很晚，但我们赶上了末班车。
②The box was heavy，but he managed to carry it.
那箱子很重，但他仍设法搬运。
辨析：manage to do sth.，try to do sth.与try doing sth.
(1)manage to do sth.表示“成功地做了某事”，重在结果，相当于succeed in doing sth.。
(2)try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，重在动作。
(3)try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。
10.用try与manage填空：
(1)I’ll ________to get downtown this afternoon but I don’t know if I can make it.
(2)The ship sank but we________to get on a lifeboat.
(3)Why not ________doing the experiment in another way?
答案：(1)try(2)managed(3)try
Rather than take the aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再乘火车从西向东横穿加拿大到达东海岸。rather than宁愿……而不愿……；而不是……；与其……倒不如(连接平行结构)
would rather＋从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，过去时表示现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示过去的愿望。
④I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
我宁愿你明天来而不是今天。
⑤—Do you mind if I smoke？你介意我抽烟吗？
—Well，I’d rather you didn’t.嗯，最好别抽烟。
⑥I’d rather you hadn’t told him the truth.
我宁愿你没把事实真相告诉他。
11.(2011·福建三校高三联考)To enjoy the scenery，Jimmy would rather spend long hours on the train________travel by plane.
A．as B．to
C．than D．while
解析：would rather...than...表示主观上的抉择，意思是“宁愿……而不……”。
答案： C
12．Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings________harm them.
A．more than B．rather than
C．other than D．better than
解析：句意为：绝大多数人同意核科技发展应该造福人类而非危害人类。只有rather than 表示“而不是，而非”之意。
答案： B
It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa，Canada’s capital.
很可惜你们不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太华。
as far as远至……，一直走到；就……而言；尽……所能
①Standing here，you can see as far as the foot of the hill.
站在这里，你可以一直看到山脚下。
②His parents supported him as far as they could.
他父亲竭尽全力支持他。
as/so far as达到……的程度；尽……；就……
as/so far as sb./sth.is concerned就某人/物而言
as far as the eye can see/reach就视力所能及
so/as far as I can see依我看
③As far as I know，it is convenient to do shopping in that small town.就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。
④Besides，as far as he was concerned，what other people thought was not the most important thing.
此外，他认为别人的想法不是最重要。
13.(北京高考)________I can see，there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A．As long as B．As far as
C．Just as D．Even if
解析：as far as I can see据我所知。as long as只要，表示条件；just as就像……，表示方式；even if即使，表示让步；皆不符合语境。
答案： B
14．—How far apart do they live?
—________I know，they live in the same neighbourhood.
A．As long as B．As far as
C．As well as D．As often as
解析：as far as I know据我所知。
答案： B
It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.
那儿湿气大，树木极高，有些树高度超过90米。
some measuring over 90 metres为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。这种独立主格结构由名词(代词)加分词(现在分词或过去分词)构成，分词的逻辑主语是该名词(代词)。该结构在句中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件或伴随等。
①He lay on his back，his teeth set and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.(伴随状语)
他躺在那儿，牙关紧闭，而且他发怒的眼睛直盯着前方。
②Time permitting，we’ll have a di ctation.(条件状语)
如果时间允许，我们就听写。
③The meeting over，we all went home happily.
会议结束了，我们都高兴地回家了。
15.(重庆高考)The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．went finished
解析：句意为：那天的课程一结束，孩子们纷纷从那所文法学校回到家里。当两句话并列时，需要并列连词，而题干中没有并列连词，故排除C、D两项；可判断逗号后应为独立主格结构作状语，在此结构中逻辑主语lessons与逻辑谓语finish之间为被动关系，故排除A项。
答案： B
16．All the factors________，the planned trip will have to be called off.
A．considered B．be considered
C．considering D．having considered
解析：本题考查独立主格结构的用法。句意为：考虑了所有的因素之后，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了。本句中的consider与all the factors之间为动宾关系，在句子中要用被动形式，因此排除C、D两项，前后两部分不是并列的分句，要采用“名词＋过去分词”形式的独立主格结构作时间状语，相当于after all the factors are considered，此处的独立主格结构也可改写成with all the factors considered。
答案： A
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．The problem is that most students prefer to communicate with their Internet friends____________________(而不是父母)．
答案：rather than their parents
2．There is no doubt that my friend，Tom，will__________________(定居在上海) after the Shanghai World Expo.
答案：settle down in Shanghai
3．Although the task was very tough，we______________________(成功完成) it on time.
答案：managed to accomplish
4．The audience all over the world__________________(留下深刻印象) the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo.
答案：was very impressed with
5．There is a tower ______________(在远处) and it looks the most attractive from a distance of 300 meters.
答案：in the distance
6．Don’t let me ______________(看见) you doing it again，otherwise I will dismiss you.
答案：catch sight of
Ⅱ.情景交际
1．(2011·陕西西安质量检测)—Won’t you go to the football tonight?
—________.I might stay at home watching it live on TV instead.
A．I’d rather not B．I’m not sure
C．I guess so D．I’d love to
解析：考查交际用语。根据答语中的might stay可知，B项符合语境。句意为：——今晚你不去看足球比赛吗？——不确定。我可能会待在家里看电视直播。
答案： B
2．(2011·成都高中毕业班诊断性检测)—Look！I’m getting fatter and fatter.What can I do?—________.Do more exercise and you will be all right.
A．Slow it down B．Don’t worry
C．That’s right D．Don’t mention it
解析：考查交际用语。句意为：——瞧！我越来越胖了。该怎么办？——别担心，多锻炼就行了。Don’t worry不用担心。
答案： B
3．(2011·南京金陵中学学情分析)—Tom，you are smoking again?
—________？It’s none of your business.
A．So what B．How come
C．Why not D．What for
解析：考查情景交际。so what那又怎样，认为某事无关紧要，尤用于反驳他人的指责；how come为什么，怎么会；why not为什么不呢，用于提出或赞同建议；what for为何目的，为何理由。句意为：——汤姆，你又抽烟了？——那又怎样？这事与你无关。根据语意可知，A项正确。
答案： A
4．(2011·安徽涡阳二中月考)—How do you find the new book by J．K.Rowling?
—________.I guess she is out of her talent.
A．With the help of my mother B．By accident
C．Very boring D．In the library
解析：考查交际用语。问句问的是对J.K.Rowling的新书有何看法，结合第二句答语可知Very boring非常乏味符合语境。
答案： C
5．(2011·江苏扬州中学月考)—Haven’t seen you for ages！Do you still work in Xi’an?
—________.It’s four years since I worked there.
A．No，I don’t B．No，I haven’t
C．Yes，I do D．Yes，I have
解析：考查交际用语。It’s four years since I worked there.应该译成：我不在那里工作已经四年了。因此答话人应该进行否定回答，表示他现在不在那里工作。
答案： A
Ⅲ.语法专练
本单元语法——同位语从句
1．(日照市2011·调研考试)The patient’s son asked the doctor the question________his father could survive the big operation.
A．whether B．if
C．that D．what
解析：考查同位语从句。此同位语从句表示一种不确定的状态，故用whether引导同位语从句，表示the question的具体内容。
答案： A
2．(2010·成都三诊)It is no longer a question now________the Chinese astronauts can wave our national flag in outer space.
A．where B．whether
C．that D．what
解析：考查主语从句。it是形式主语，that后面是真正的主语。句意为：中国人能在太空挥舞中国国旗，这不再是一个问题了。
答案： C
3．The news came as quite a shock to us________a ship with 82 passengers on board sank near the north coast.
A．what B．that
C．when D．where
解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：一艘载有82名乘客的轮船在北海岸沉没的消息让我们很震惊。本句中that引导的同位语从句本应该位于new的后面，为避免句子头重脚轻，将同位语从句放在了句子末尾，考生应注意分析句子结构。
答案： B
4．(2011·重庆一诊)The senior three students in our school received word last week________some excellent students had been admitted to Peking University without taking the exam.
A．that B．which
C．how D．what
解析：考查同位语从句。world在此意为“消息”，空后对word的具体内容进行说明，是它的同位语从句，故用that引导。
答案： A
5．(2010·上海春招)There is no obvious evidence________there is life on any other planet in the solar system.
A．which B．that
C．how D．where
解析：考查名词性从句。此处是that引导同位语从句对evidence进行具体的说明。句意为：没有明显的证据表明太阳系的其他行星上有生命存在。
答案： B
人教版高中英语必修五电子课本
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放 必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly dise ase of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousand s of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted t o face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never b e controlled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera ki lled people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person die d. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed eviden ce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enqu iry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the d eaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 a nd 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. H e immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle f rom the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed d own. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deat hs that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away f rom Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliver ed to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drin king the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with ce rtainty that polluted water carried the virus.
人教版_高中英语必修一unit1_知识点总结
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Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
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-必修 5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national
(完整)人教版高一英语必修一单词表
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2011高考英语一轮复习教案(16)
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人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解
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高考英语一轮复习学案专题
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高三英语第一轮复习教案模块三
Module 3 Unit 2 新课标单词 throughout prep. 贯穿，遍及 confusing adj. 令人迷惑的，令人不解的vocabulary n. 词汇 tribe n. 部落 European adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人 create vt. 创造，创建，创作 nowadays adv. 现今，现在 official adj. 官方的，正式的 consist vi. 组成 consist of 由……组成，由……构成contribute vi. & vt 贡献 contribute to 是……的成因之一development n. 发展；开发 take control of 控制，取得对……的控制rule vt. & n 统治 replace vt. 替换，代替，取代 *despite prep. 尽管 *impact n. 巨大的影响，冲击 servant n. 仆人 raise vt. 饲养 ox n. (复数oxen)牛，公牛 ending n. 词尾，结尾，结局 upper adj. 上层的，上面的，上边的class n. 阶级，阶层 adopt vt. 采用tongue n. 语言；舌头 mother tongue 母语，本国语 modern adj. 近代的，当代的，现代化的， 时髦的，时新的 include vt. 包括 pronunciation n. 发音，语音 style n. 风格 process n. 过程；进程 depend vi. 视……而定，依靠 depend on 视……而定；取决于，依赖于， 依靠 record vt. 记录 promise vt. & vi 许诺，答应 n. 许诺，诺言 difficulty n. 困难 unknown adj. 不知道的，未知的disagree vi. 意见不一，分歧；不一致standard n. 标准adj. 标准的 set vt. 确定（标准等），制定（标准等）phrase n. 词组，短语 department n. 部门 ban vt. 禁止，取缔 pure adj. 纯的，纯洁的 spread n., vi & vt 传播 easily adv. 容易地，不费力地 access vt. 接近，使用
人教版高中英语必修五电子课本
按住Ctrl键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放必修5 Unit 1 JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attend ed Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he tho ught about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly diseas e of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be contr olled until its cause was found. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera kille d people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangero us gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the dis ease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evide nce. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his en quiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gat her information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had liv ed. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the de aths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 an d 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he mad e further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 C ambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water f rom the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He imm ediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away fr om Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certaint y that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source o f all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated. COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY