2013届新增词汇讲解

2013届新增词汇讲解

1．estimate, assess, evaluate这些词都表示对客体的重要性形成定论

estimate暗示评价的主观性和不精确，是估计和猜测

The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden.园丁估计他给花园除草需要四个小时。

Try to estimate how many steps it will take to get to a close object...尽力估算一下达到一个近距离目标需要多少步。

I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500...我估计治疗费用总共会有12，500美元。

He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage...他根据破坏的程度估算风速。

assess 表示为确定某物的应税价值而作出的权威估价，是估计钱经济方面的

assess housing demand regularly and accurately; 定期和准确地评估房屋需求；

Our correspondent has been assessing the impact of the sanctions...

我们的记者一直在评估制裁带来的影响。

The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement...

这次测试是考查能力，而不是学习成绩。

It would be a matter of assessing whether she was well enough to travel.

问题是要看她是否已康复到可以旅行。

evaluate 表示在确定价值时经过了深思熟虑,不一定是金钱价值，估计分好坏方面的

I can not evaluate his ability. 我不能评价他的能力。

They will first send in trained nurses to evaluate the needs of the individual situation...

他们首先会派一些训练有素的护士来评估每个病人的需求。

The market situation is difficult to evaluate.

市场状况难以评价。

2.circulate

(1)(文章，报纸和杂志的)发行，传递，传阅

The Yangtze Evening paper is circulating widely in Jingsu province.

The magazine Reader has a large circulation .

(2)（谣言等）流传；散布

Rumours were already beginning to circulate that the project might have to be abandoned...

已传出谣言说，该项目可能会被迫取消。

(3)（在密闭场所或系统内）循环，传播

We have a circulatory system in our body.

3. coincidence n.巧合；一致；同时存在；并存

It’s a coincidence that

By coincidence 碰巧的是

Mr. Berry said the timing was a coincidence and that his decision was unrelated to Mr. Roman's departure...

贝里先生说这是时间上的巧合，他的决定与罗曼先生的离开没有关系。

...a string of amazing coincidences...一连串惊人的巧合

The premises of Chabert and Sons were situated by the river and, by coincidence, not too far away from where

Eric Talbot had met his death.查伯特父子公司的经营场所位于河边，碰巧的是，那儿离埃里克·塔尔博特身亡的地方不太远。

4. compromise

(1)n. 折中；妥协；让步A compromise is a situation in which people accept something slightly different from what they really want, because of circumstances or because they are considering the wishes of other people. Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want...

鼓励孩子在他的愿望和你的愿望之间找到一个折中点。

policy of compromise

A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit.让步的和解优于胜诉。

(2) vi compromise/ negotiate/ quarrel/ argue/ talk/ debate/ bargain with sb about sth

The government has compromised with its critics over monetary policies...

政府已经就货币政策向批评人士作出让步。

Israel had originally wanted $1 billion in aid, but compromised on the $650 million.

以色列原本想要获得10亿美元的援助，但后来作出让步，同意接受6。5亿的援助。

(3)vt. 使（自己）声誉受损；违背（信念）If someone compromises themselves or compromises their beliefs, they do something which damages their reputation for honesty, loyalty, or high moral principles.

He would rather shoot himself than compromise his principles.

他宁愿一枪打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。

Compromise one’s reputation

5.condemn

(1) vt谴责；指责If you condemn something, you say that it is very bad and unacceptable.

Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence...政界领袖昨日联合起来对最近激增的暴力事件予以谴责。

The woman president condemns sexism as a moral and social evil.

(2) vt. 宣判；判处（某人刑罚）If someone is condemned to a punishment, they are given this punishment. He was condemned to life imprisonment.他被判终身监禁。

Be condemned to death

(3) vt使陷入（不愉快的境地）If circumstances condemn you to an unpleasant situation, they make it certain that you will suffer in that way.

Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid work...

没有学历使他们一辈子都得从事枯燥乏味而且通常报酬很低的工作。

He felt condemned to being alone...他觉得自己注定要孤独终老。

Mark was condemned to do most of the work.马克被迫承担大部分工作。

6. drown

(1)vi （把…）淹死，溺死When someone drowns or is drowned, they die because they have gone or been pushed under water and cannot breathe.

Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat capsized during a storm...他们的船在暴风雨中倾覆后有48 人溺亡。

A child can drown in only a few inches of water...儿童在只有几英寸深的水中就可能溺亡。

Last night a boy was drowned in the river...昨晚一名男孩在河里溺亡。

He walked into the sea and drowned himself...他投海自杀了。

Dolphins have sometimes been known to save drowning swimmers.据悉海豚有时会救溺水的游泳者。

(2) vt.淹没（于…中）；置身（于…中）If you say that a person or thing is drowning in something, you are emphasizing that they have a very large amount of it, or are completely covered in it.

We were drowning in data but starved of information.我们淹没在大量的数据中却找不到有用的信息。(3) vt盖过，淹没（声音）If something drowns a sound, it is so loud that you cannot hear that sound properly. Clapping drowned the speaker's words for a moment. 鼓掌声一度淹没了发言人的声音。

Their cheers drowned out the protests of demonstrators..他们的欢呼声盖过了示威者的抗议声。

Her voice was drowned out by a loud crash.她的声音被一声响亮的撞击声所淹没。

(4) 借酒浇愁drown their sorrows

7. extend

(1) vt.延伸；伸展If you say that something, usually something large, extends for a particular distance or extends from one place to another, you are indicating its size or position.

The high-speed train service is planned to extend from Paris to Bordeaux...高铁拟从巴黎延伸至波尔多。

The new territory would extend over one-fifth of Canada's land mass.这块新领土将会使加拿大陆地面积扩展1/5以上。

(2) vt.持续；延续If an event or activity extends over a period of time, it continues for that time.

...a playing career in first-class cricket that extended from 1894 to 1920...

从1894年延续至1920年的板球甲级比赛职业生涯

The courses are based on a weekly two-hour class, extending over a period of 25 weeks.

这些课程每周上一节课，每节两个小时，持续25周。

(3) vt扩及；波及；包括If something extends to a group of people, things, or activities, it includes or affects them.

The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts.服务项目还包括包装和递送礼物。

The talks will extend to the church, human rights groups and other social organizations.会谈将涉及教会、人权团体和其他社会组织。

His influence extends beyond the TV viewing audience. 他的影响扩展到电视观众之外。

It might be possible to extend the technique to other crop plants.也许可以将这种技术应用于其他农作物。(4) vt延长；使延期If you extend something, you make it last longer than before or end at a later date.

They have extended the deadline by twenty-four hours.他们已经将最后期限延长了24小时。

an extended contract.延期的合同

8. infer

(1)vt推断；推定If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have.

I inferred from what she said that you have not been well 我从她的话语里推断你身体一直不太好。

By measuring the motion of the galaxies in a cluster, astronomers can infer the cluster's mass.

通过测量星系在一个星系团内的运动，天文学家们可以推定这个星系团的质量。

(2) vt.暗示，暗指，意味着（许多人认为此用法不正确）Some people use infer to mean 'imply', but many people consider this use to be incorrect.

The police inferred that they found her behaviour rather suspicious.警方暗示他们发现她行为非常可疑。infer 表示在没有被明确告知的情况下，根据已知信息推断某事是事实。例如，From this simple statement I could infer a lot about his wife （从这句简单的话我能够推断出关于他妻子的很多情况）。

imply 指不加以明说，但通过暗示表明某事的事实。

Rose's barrister implied that he had married her for her money （罗斯的律师暗示他是为了她的钱才娶了她）。What are we to infer from such behavior?我们从这样的行为推断出什么？

I infer that my proposal has been accepted.我推测我的建议已被接受。

Brand image consider as one suggestion of information, consumer infer product quality by held brand image.

品牌形象被视为一种资讯的提示，消费者藉由所持有的品牌形象来推论产品的品质。

What can we infer from the last paragraph?我们能从最后一段推断出什么结论？

9.insult

(1) vt侮辱；辱骂If someone insults you, they say or do something that is rude or offensive.

I did not mean to insult you.我不是要故意侮辱你。

Buchanan said he was insulted by the judge's remarks. 布坎南说法官的那番话侮辱了他。

insulted

I would be a bit insulted if he said anything like that.如果他说过任何那样的话，我会感到有些受辱的。

2.n. 侮辱；凌辱；辱骂An insult is a rude remark, or something a person says or does which insults you.

Their behaviour was an insult to the people they represent...他们的行为是对他们代表的人民的一种侮辱。

to add insult to 让---变得更糟的

10.scarce

Adj. 缺乏的；不足的；供不应求的If something is scarce, there is not enough of it.

Food was scarce and expensive...食物供不应求，而且价格昂贵。

Jobs are becoming increasingly scarce.工作机会越来越少。

...the allocation of scarce resources.对稀缺资源的分配

Scarcely 刚刚；才；勉强You use scarcely to emphasize that something is only just true or only just the case. He could scarcely breathe...他几乎喘不过气来。

I scarcely knew him...我几乎不认识他。

She seemed scarcely aware of him...她看上去几乎没有注意到他。

Scarcely a week goes by without the news providing fresh examples of police racism...

几乎每周都有关于警方种族歧视事件的新闻报道。

She was scarcely 18 when she made her debut.

首次出镜时，她刚满18 岁。

2.ADV-BRD-NEG几乎不；简直不You can use scarcely to say that something is not true or is not the case, in a humorous or critical way.

It can scarcely be coincidence...

它不太可能是巧合。

Yesterday, however, his views seemed scarcely relevant...

然而，昨天他的观点似乎毫无关联。

It was scarcely in their interest to let too many people know.

他们并不希望太多人知晓此事。

3.ADV-BRD-NEG刚…（就…）If you say scarcely had one thing happened when something else happened, you mean that the first event was followed immediately by the second.

Scarcely had they left before soldiers arrived armed with rifles...

他们刚离开，扛着步枪的士兵们就到了。

Bruce had scarcely shaken our hands when the phone rang.

布鲁斯刚和我们握了握手，电话就响了。

Had scarcely when Had hardly ------when