2019年高中英语unit2englisharoundtheworldsectionⅣlearn

Section Ⅳ Learning about Language & Using

Language

[原文呈现] [读文清障]

STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS

What is standard①English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not②， there is no such③thing as④standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV⑤and the radio⑥ is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news⑦were expected⑧to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak⑨.

10 different

When people use words and expressions○

from the “standard language”?， it is called a dialect ?. American English has many dialects, especially the midwestern?， southern?， African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighbouring?towns speak a little differently.

American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over? the world.

①standard adj.标准的；普通的n.标准；规格

②be lieve it or not信不信由你

③such adj.如此的；这样的

④as表示“像……一样”

⑤on TV在电视上

⑥过去分词短语spoken on TV and the radio作后置定语，修饰the English。

⑦who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。

⑧expect vt.盼望；预期；预料

⑨people speak为定语从句，修饰the way。省略了作状语的引导词that/in which。

○10expression[Ik'spre?n] n．词语；表示；表达

?形容词短语different from the “standard language”作后置定语，修饰其前面的words and expressions。

?dialect ['daI?lekt] n．方言

?midwestern [mId'west?n] adj.中西部的；有中西部特性的

?southern adj.南方的；南部的

?neighbouring adj.附近的；毗邻的(只作前置定语)

?all over 遍及；到处

标准英语和方言

[第1～2段译文] 什么是标准英语？是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰人所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视上和收音机里(播音员)所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们的说话方式是有差别的。 当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。美式英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。甚至在美国的一些地区，相邻两个城镇的人所说的方言也稍有不同。美式英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为那里的人来自世界各地。

Geography also plays a part in ? making dialects. Some people who ? live in the mountains of the eastern ? USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern ?

USA speak with almost the same

dialect as ○21 people in the northwestern ○22 USA. The USA

is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken○23. Although many Americans move a lot, they

24 and understand each other's still recognize○

dialects.

?play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与

?who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Some people。

?eastern['i?st?n] adj.东方的；东部的

?southeastern [?sa?θ'i?st?n] adj.东南方的；来自东南的

○21the same ... as ...和……一样的……

○22northwestern [?n??θ'west?n] adj.西北方的；来自西北的

○23in which引导定语从句，从句修饰a large country。

○24recognize ['rek?ɡnaIz] vt.辨认出；承认；公认

[第3段译文]

地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人就说着一种比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言带了过去。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说的方言几乎是一样的。美国是一个使用多种不同方言的大国。虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。

Choose the best answers according to the text.

1．From the text, we know that ________ is standard English.

A．British English

B．American English

C．the English spoken in Australia

D．no English

2．People think the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English, because ________.

A．people believe those who reported the news speak excellent English

B．they speak the same English

C．they speak it to all the people

D．there are some dialects on TV and the radio

3．American English has so many dialects because ________.

A．people have come from all over the world

B．the US is made up of so many states

C．Americans move from one place to another

D．the US is a large country

答案：1～3 DAA

一、这样记单词

indirect speech.

你能从阅读部分找到下列命令和请求的表达方式吗？我们看看如何把它们转述为间接引语。

command n．&vt.命令；指令；掌握

command of French now.

由于他数年勤奋学习，现在他的法语很好。

②She is in_command_of our class at present.

她目前负责我们班。

③The police arrived and took_command_of the situation.

警察到达后就控制了局势。

④The policeman commanded the thief to_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.

＝The policeman commanded that the thief

(should)_hand (hand) in what he had stolen.

警察命令那个小偷上交他所偷的东西。

request n．&vt.请求；要求

①The boy requested a cellphone from his parents.

那个男孩向父母要一部手机。

②The tourist came up to the native, and made a request for his help.

这位游客走向那位本地人，向他求助。

③Our headteacher requested us to_go (go) over our lessons.

＝Our headteacher requested that we (should)_go (go) over our lessons.

班主任要求我们复习功课。

2．(教材P13)When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called

a dialect.

当人们用不同于“标准语言”的单词和表达方式时，那种语言就被称为方言。

expression n．词语；表示；表达；表情

expression.

我家乡的景色美得无法形容。

②He looked at me without expression.

他毫无表情地看着我。

③He i s still unable to_express_himself in English.

他仍旧不能用英语表达自己的意见。

3．(教材P13)Geography also plays a part in making dialects.

地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。

play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与

in modern society.

众所周知，计算机在现代社会中起着重要的作用。

②She plays_an_active_part/role_in all kinds of activities held by school.

她积极参与学校举行的各种各样的活动。

③In the film, he will play the part/role of a policeman.

在这部电影里他将扮演一位警察的角色。

4．(教材P13)Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize and understand each other's dialects.

虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别并且理解彼此的方言。

recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认

①Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him.

杰克变化这么大，以至于我几乎认不出他来。

②We recognize him to_be (be) a hard-working and honest person.

我们认为他是一个勤奋并且诚实的人。

③We have_to_recognize_that there are shortcomings in our work.

我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。

1．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.

信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。

there is no such ... (as ...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。

①There is no such (＝not such a ) man in our company.

我们的公司没有这样的人。

②It may help you to know that there_is_no_such_thing_as a perfect speech.

它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。

got up late this morning.

他没能赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。

②You have made great p rogress in English. This is because you have improved your studying methods.

你在英语方面取得了很大的进步，这是因为你改进了学习方法。

③I've got a cold; that is why I wouldn't like to have a meal.

我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。

3．So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect as people in the northwestern USA.

因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部地区的人所说

的方言几乎是一样的。

the same (...) as ...和……一样；与……相同。

①As a matter of fact, I have the same trouble as you.

事实上，我和你有同样的烦恼。

②This is the same book as Mr Li lost.

这本书和李先生丢的书一样。(同类的书)

③This is the same book that Mr Li lost.

这就是李先生丢的那本书。(同一本书)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．①In the company, we know that he is_recognized (recognize) as a strict leader.

②—How do you like our city?

—It has changed beyond all recognition (recognize) in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me.

2．①We send messages to people around us through facial expressions (express) and body movements.

②The boy is old enough to_express (express) himself.

3．①Having (have) a good command of English and computer science is of great help.

②The command was that the room (should)_be_cleaned (clean) at once.

③He is in command of the basketball team.

④The boss commanded me to_go (go) there at once.

⑤The boss commanded t hat I (should)_go (go) there at once.

4．①The teacher made a request that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.

②The teacher requested that the students (should)_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.

③The teacher requested th e students to_be (be) well prepared for the coming exam.

④The students were_requested (request) to be well prepared for the coming exam last week.

Ⅱ.补全句子

1．Vinegar plays_an_important_part/role_in_helping us keep healthy.(play)

醋在帮助我们保持健康方面起着重要作用。

2．There_is_no_such_man as you have described in our neighbourhood.(such)

我们的居民区没有你描述的那样的人。

3．There are many fans crowded in the concert hall now. This_is_because their idol is to hold a concert here.(because)

现在很多歌迷挤在音乐厅里。这是因为他们的偶像将在这里举办音乐会。

4．I bought the same book as_you_gave_to_her.

我买了一本和你给她的一样的书。

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高

[本课语言点针对练习]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Would you be kind enough to explain the meaning of this expression (词语) to me?

2．Even today tobacco is grown along America's Eastern (东部的) Coast.

3．The man spoke on the phone and I couldn't recognize (辨认出) his voice.

4．Judging by her accent (口音), she must be a

southerner.

5．Thunder and lightning (闪电) are not caused by gods' being angry.

6．Go straight (笔直地) down the road until you come to the English language school.

7．The hotel is not far from here. Just turn right at the end of the block (街区)．

8．The cab (出租车) driver promised to get me to the meeting on time.

9．The bridge trembled when the heavy lorry (卡车) drove over it.

10．Most of the African (非洲的) countries have suffered from drought in recent years.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．My father requested that I arrived home at dusk.arrived→arrive

2．I'm in your command. What would you like me to do at present？in→at

3．There is no such a word within my memory.去掉a或no→not

4．Telephones are playing the important part in our daily life.the→an

5．He failed in the exam. That was why he didn't study hard.why→because

6．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life like you are.like→as

Ⅲ.选词填空

As we all know, cars play_an_important_part_in our life.

2．Heat may travel in the_same manner as light does.

3．After he recovered from illness, he tried to build_up his strength.

4．We should welcome friends from_all_over_the_world with a smile and be friendly to everyone.

5．Believe_it_or_not,_the little boy can lift the heavy box.

6．Take_note_of what I say and do not forget it.

[本单元语言点温故练习]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Many students believe the choice of their courses